Yang Liwei

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Yang Liwei
Yang Liwei
Country: China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Organization: CMSA
selected on January 1998
Calls: 1 space flight
Begin: October 15, 2003
Landing: October 15, 2003
Time in space: 21h 23min
Space flights

Yang Liwei ( Chinese  楊利偉  /  杨利伟 , Pinyin Yang Liwei ; * 21st June 1965 in the district of Suizhong the prefecture-level city Huludao , province Liaoning ) is the first Chinese astronaut . Since October 15, 2019 he has been Deputy Technical Director of the manned space program of the People's Republic of China .

Youth and service in the Air Force

Yang Liwei was in the June 21, 1965 Large village Suizhong (绥中镇), the administrative center of the district of the same Suizhong born in the northeastern province of Liaoning, the second of three children of an economist and a high school teacher. After attending the lower level of the 1st district high school from 1978, he switched to the upper level at the 2nd district high school in July 1981 (his mother taught at the 3rd district high school). Yang was an average student, only doing well in science. But he was an avid swimmer and ice skater. In June 1983, shortly before high school graduation, when recruiting officers from the Air Force of the People's Republic of China visited his school's senior year to recruit pilots, Yang Liwei answered immediately. After he had passed the Abitur, he still had to go through a multi-stage selection process until he was accepted at the 2nd Basic Training School of the Air Force in Baoding (中国人民解放军 空军 第二 航空 预备 学校). In 1984 he moved to the 8th Air Force School in Kumul (中国人民解放军 空军 第八 航空 学校, from June 1986 第八 飞行 学院 or 8th Pilot Academy), where he completed his training in 1987 with a bachelor's degree.

Then, it was after Jingyuan in Gansu offset, where he when Jagdbombergeschwader 134 of the then military district Lanzhou below 45.  Air Division a light fighter bomber type Nanchang Q-5 flew. In 1988, Yang Liwei was promoted to first lieutenant and in 1992 to captain. When his unit carried out a low-level flight exercise over the dried up Aydingkol Lake in the Turpan Depression in the summer of 1992 , one of the two engines on his fighter-bomber suddenly failed. However, he managed to bring the machine with the second engine to an altitude of 1500 m, to cross the eastern foothills of the Tian Shan and to head for the nearest military airport. Shortly before landing, the second engine also failed. Nevertheless, Yang Liwei was able to land the now completely unpowered plane safely. For this he was awarded the 3rd degree of merit of the People's Liberation Army (中国人民解放军 三等功 奖章).

The collapse of the Soviet Union had changed the geopolitical situation, and in October 1992 many of the units stationed in northern China were disbanded as part of a troop reduction. The 45th Air Force Division was also affected. Twenty-five pilots from Fighter Bomber Squadron 134, including Yang Liwei, were assigned to Squadron 99 based in the Liangping District of Chongqing , Sichuan Province . In March 1993, Yang went to the service with his new unit, where he has a light fighter aircraft of type Shenyang J-6 flew. In 1996 he was promoted to major. These four-year promotions corresponded exactly to the "Guidelines for the Ranks of Officers of the People's Liberation Army" of July 1, 1988.

Service in the space corps

Yang Liwei's spacesuit

In 1996, Yang Liwei was one of 1,506 fighter pilots who passed the first selection round for the People's Republic of China's new manned space program . After further selection rounds, he was also one of the 12 remaining candidates. With 1,350 flight hours - Yang was a bearer of the level I military aircraft pilot - he had more than double the required 600 flight hours. In December 1997, the Central Military Commission officially approved the establishment of the People's Liberation Army Space Corps . In January 1998, the astronaut candidates moved into their quarters in the space city ​​in the Haidian district of Beijing , were appointed "astronauts of the space corps of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" (中国人民解放军 航天 员 大队 航天 员) and with the astronaut oath (“I pledge myself to manned space travel to dedicate ... “) sworn in on the Chinese flag. Since the spaceman corps was then under the main witness office of the People's Liberation Army , the men no longer wore the blue uniform of the air force, but the green of the army.

After five and a half years of intensive training, the astronauts went to the Jiuquan Cosmodrome on September 20, 2003 to practice in the real spacecraft - Shenzhou 5 - intended for China's first manned mission . Based on the achievements shown here, three spacemen were selected as candidates for the flight in early October, and Yang Liwei was finally announced as the first choice on October 14. On October 15, 2003 at 01:00 UTC, Yang Li Wei took off on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft for the first manned Chinese space flight. The flight lasted over 21 hours and ended with a sunrise landing in Inner Mongolia .

Upon his return, Yang Liwei spoke on Chinese TV when asked whether the Great Wall of China could be seen with the naked eye from space: “The view was beautiful. But I couldn't see the Great Wall. "

Space Merit Order Yang Liweis (sample)

Three weeks later, on November 7, 2003, he was awarded the newly created State Space Merit Order (fahrt 功勋 奖章). At the same time he received the honorary title “Hero of Space Travel” (航天 英雄), which until today (as of 2020) only two Chinese space travelers wear. The Space Merit Order, however, was later awarded to all active space travelers in China - in various stages.

Yang Liwei has been married to Zhang Yumei (张玉梅) since December 1990, originally a high school teacher in what was then Xiaozhuangzi (小 庄子 乡) in his home county. Since in China the spouses of soldiers in the air service also have to join the People's Liberation Army, she became a military archivist. In 1995 their son Yang Ningkang (杨宁康) was born.

On July 22, 2008, Yang Liwei was promoted to major general of the People's Liberation Army. He was appointed Deputy Director of the Manned Space Bureau on May 21, 2010, and then Director on April 23, 2018. The job as head of the China Manned Space Agency or CMSA is quite demanding. This authority is internally responsible for the organization of the manned space program, for the allocation of tasks to the companies involved and for the long-term planning of the manned space program. Externally, the manned space agency represents the Chinese government in negotiations with the space agencies of other countries and is responsible for international cooperation projects and scientific exchange. On July 12, 2018, less than three months after his appointment, Yang Liwei was replaced by Hao Chun at the helm of the CMSA. Yang continued to perform representational tasks for the CMSA. On November 19, 2018, he took part in the celebrations to mark the 20th anniversary of the International Space Station in Moscow as the agency's representative . On October 15, 2019, he was appointed Deputy Technical Director of the People's Republic of China's manned space program .

Yang Liwei has been a member of the Chinese Communist Party since September 1988 , and was a candidate in the XVII from 2007-2013. Central Committee of the Party. Since March 3, 2018, Yang, together with his fellow party member and fellow astronaut Zhang Xiaoguang, has been one of 136 specially invited personalities (特别 邀请 人士) of the Political Consultative Conference of the Chinese People .

Awards

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 中国 太空 飞行 第一 人 杨利伟 的 成长 历程. In: news.sina.com.cn. September 26, 2005, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  2. ↑ a b 宁静 小镇 “飞” 出 华夏 英雄 －－ 探访 杨利伟 成长 历程. In: cas.cn. October 16, 2003, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  3. ↑ 周纯明: 电话 连线 - 杨利伟 的 亲友 在 家乡 接受 记者 采访. In: news.sina.com.cn. October 15, 2003, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  4. ↑ a b 奚 启 新 、 范 炬 炜: 中华 飞天 第一 人 —— 中国 载人 航天 首飞 航天 员 杨利伟 的 故事. In: 81.cn. January 8, 2016, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  5. ↑ 胡锦涛 : 中国人民解放军 纪律 条令. In: chinanews.com. June 8, 2010, accessed May 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  6. ↑ 被 遗忘 的 老 班长: 曾 命名 为 空军 靖远 场 站定 为 乙 种 场 站 ， 根据 空军 司令部 74 号 通知. In: k.sina.cn. February 26, 2020, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ 李晓 柳: 杨利伟 将 回 重庆 梁平 观摩 航展. In: news.sina.com.cn. September 25, 2010, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  8. ↑ Yang Shangkun : Regulations of the Military Ranks of Officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (Revised). In: en.pkulaw.cn. July 1, 1988, Retrieved May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ a b 奚 启 新 、 范 炬 炜 、 刘 程: 中国 航天 员 诞生 记. In: people.com.cn. October 17, 2003, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  10. ↑ 视觉 志: 杨利伟 再 出山 ： 自曝 16 年前 太空 惊魂 一幕. In: zhuanlan.zhihu.com. October 25, 2019, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  11. ↑ 张 素 、 李潇帆 、 朱 霄 雄: “弱冠 之 年” 的 中国 航天 员 大队 重温 誓词. In: chinanews.com. January 5, 2018, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  12. ↑ Mark Wade: Yang Liwei in the Encyclopedia Astronautica , accessed on May 4, 2020 (English).
  13. ↑ 崔丽霞: 胡锦涛 、 江泽民 、 吴邦国 等 党 和 国家 领导人 出席 庆祝 我国 首次 载人 航天 飞行 圆满 成功 大会. In: npc.gov.cn. November 10, 2003, accessed May 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  14. ↑ 汪 蛟龙: 中共中央 国务院 中央军委 举行 大会 隆重 庆祝 神舟 七号 载人 航天 飞行 圆满 成功. In: news.cctv.com. November 7, 2008, accessed May 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  15. ↑ 余 玮: 妻子 告诉 一个 另一 半 的 杨利伟. In: people.com.cn. Retrieved May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  16. ↑ 燕 勐: New post for famous Chinese astronaut. In: en.people.com.cn. May 22, 2010, accessed May 4, 2020 .
  17. ↑ 杨利伟 担任 中国 载人 航天 工程 办公室 主任. In: cmse.gov.cn. April 23, 2018, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  18. ↑ 郝 淳 担任 中国 载人 航天 工程 办公室 主任. In: cmse.gov.cn. July 12, 2018, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  19. ↑ 逯 耀 锋: 航天 英雄 杨利伟 赴 莫斯科 参加 国际 空间站 20 周年 纪念活动. In: cmse.gov.cn. November 20, 2018, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  20. ↑ 邓 孟 、 肖建军: 中国 载人 航天 工程 总设计师 系统 结构 实现 重塑 工程 全线 全力 备战 空间站 飞行 任务. In: cmse.gov.cn. October 17, 2019, accessed May 3, 2020 (Chinese).
  21. ↑ 中国 载人 航天 英雄 谱: 杨利伟. In: mil.huanqiu.com. September 4, 2008, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  22. ↑ 中国 共产党 第十七 届 中央 委员会 候补委员 名单. In: cpc.people.com.cn. October 21, 2007, accessed May 4, 2020 (Chinese).
  23. ↑ 中国 人民 政治协商会议 第十 三届 全国 委员会 委员 名单. In: cppcc.gov.cn. May 11, 2020, accessed July 14, 2020 (Chinese).
  24. ↑ 崔丽霞: 胡锦涛 、 江泽民 、 吴邦国 等 党 和 国家 领导人 出席 庆祝 我国 首次 载人 航天 飞行 圆满 成功 大会. In: npc.gov.cn. November 10, 2003, accessed May 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  25. ↑ Space Daily: Asteroids Named After First Manned Spacecraft, Spaceman. Retrieved September 9, 2008 .
  26. ↑ 付毅飞: 杨利伟 获 列昂诺夫 奖. In: scitech.people.com.cn. September 16, 2014, accessed May 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  27. ↑ First UNESCO Space Science Medals awarded to four prominent scientists and space practitioners
Note: This article places the family name before the person's first name. This is the usual order in Chinese. Yang is the family name here, Liwei is the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Yang, Liwei
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese spaceman, first Taikonaut
DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1965
PLACE OF BIRTH Suizhou City , Liaoning Province , People's Republic of China