Spain Newspapers

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In 1977, the last restrictive legal provisions of the Franco dictatorship were formally repealed after freedom of the press had been restored in Spain during the so-called transition .

In 2006, 136 titles appeared in Spain with a total circulation of 4.24 million copies. With a reach of 40% of adults, the daily newspapers in Spain penetrate a comparatively small part of the population.

The Spanish newspaper landscape is dominated by a few large daily newspapers that appear in Madrid, some of which can be classified very clearly in a political left-right spectrum. The leading daily newspaper, El País , is left-wing liberal and is close to the socialist party PSOE , while its competitors El Mundo and La Razón represent right-wing conservative positions and are close to the PP party. ABC is also close to PP, but is more moderate than El Mundo and La Razón .

There are also some newspapers that appear outside of Madrid; these are of only minor importance nationwide. The liberal La Vanguardia is the most widespread newspaper in the Catalonia region , but is much less read in the rest of Spain. Other newspapers are regionally oriented; some of them appear in the regional languages Catalan , Galician or Basque . The price of the larger newspapers does not traditionally differ; In 2008, all major Spanish daily newspapers cost € 1 on weekdays. Most newspapers appear daily; the Sunday editions usually have an extensive supplementary program.

There are also a number of free newspapers , the coverage of which is mostly of lower quality and of a more tabloid character. From around the turn of the millennium, these free newspapers developed into considerable competition for the established daily newspapers. There are also numerous sports newspapers in Spain .

Newspapers in detail

National newspapers appearing in Madrid

• El País ("The Land") is the largest and most internationally known daily newspaper in Spain (circulation approx. 450,000). It is published by the PRISA media group. Founded in 1976, El País quickly became the main press organ during the Spanish transition to democracy . During the 1980s it became more and more left-wing liberal and supported the PSOE government under Felipe González . Several well-known Spanish writers write for the newspaper, including Antonio Muñoz Molina , Juan José Millás and Javier Marías, and the Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa .
• El Mundo (“The World”) is the second largest Spanish daily newspaper with a circulation of around 350,000. It was founded in 1989 as an economically liberal and conservative newspaper to the right of the monarchist ABC and established itself primarily through the revelations of corruption scandals in the final phase of the González government and the regular criticism of the PSOE. After the Madrid train attacks in 2004, El Mundo advocatedthe theory that the Basque terrorist organization ETA was involved in the attacks, thus approaching the right wing of the conservative PP . El Mundo is published by Unidad Editorial and directed by Pedro José Ramírez .
• ABC is aconservative-monarchist daily newspaper publishedby the Vocento media group and has beenpublished since 1903. After it was considered the most important Spanish newspaper during Franquism, it fell behind El País and El Mundo during democracyand is currently the third largest Spanish newspaper with a circulation of around 250,000 sheets.
• Público (“audience”) is a newspaper founded in 2007 with a circulation of 250,000 copies, which is politically more left-wing liberal and whose price fluctuates between 1 and 1.50 euros daily. It is published by Mediapro .
• La Razón (“The Reason”) has a circulation of around 150,000 sheets. It was founded in 1998 by the former ABC employee Luis María Anson and competes with El Mundo for the right-wing conservative readership. The publisher is the Planeta media group.

National newspapers appearing in Barcelona

• La Vanguardia ("The Avant-garde") is published by Grupo Godó with a circulation of around 200,000 copies. Founded in 1881 as an organ of the Liberal Party, La Vanguardia historically also represented positions of Catalan nationalism. During the Franco dictatorship it adapted to the ideology of the regime and became the best-selling newspaper in Spain, although its main circulation area remained Catalonia. With the transition to democracy, it returned to its liberal-regionalist stance and approached the Catalan party Convergència i Unió . La Vanguardia is the most widely read newspaper in Catalonia and the fourth largest in the whole of Spain.
• El Periódico de Catalunya ("The Newspaper of Catalonia") has been published by Grupo Zeta since 1978in a Spanish and a Catalan version. She takes a moderate-regionalist course. Its circulation area was originally limited to the region of Catalonia, but since the beginning of the 1990s several sister newspapers have appeared in other regions that alsobearthe title El Periódico (including El Periódico de Aragón , El Periódico de Extremadura ) and only have different reporting in the regional section . The total circulation of all these newspapers is almost 200,000 sheets.

Regional newspapers

Regional newspapers appear in many Spanish cities. These include:

• El Correo (“The Post”), published in Bilbao by the Vocento group( ABC ), with a circulation of around 125,000 in the Basque Country . El Correo takes a moderately conservative course and rejects Basque nationalism.
• La Voz de Galicia (“The Voice of Galicia”), published in La Coruña by the Voz media group, with a circulation of around 115,000 copies in Galicia .
• Levante - El Mercantil Valenciano ("Levante - Das Valencianische Handelsblatt") is published in Valencia with a circulation of approx. 50,000 copies by Prensa Ibérica , which also publishes local newspapers with a politically left-wing liberal tendency in other Spanish cities.
• Adaily newspaper publishedin Granada with a circulation area of Andalusia , which is published by the Vocento group ( ABC ) and has a circulation of around 35,000 copies,is ideal .
• Diario Sur (“South Daily Newspaper”) is adaily newspaper publishedin Málaga with a circulation of around 35,000 copies, which is also owned by the Vocento group.
• Gara (Basque: "We are") is a Basque nationalist newspaper founded in 1999. It is publishedin San Sebastián by the publisher Euskal Herriko Komunikabide Elkartea and comes in a Basque and a Spanish version. Gara filled the gap in the market that hadarisen in1998 when the ETA- affiliated newspaper Egin wasbanned. It does not publish its circulation, but gives the daily number of readers itself at around 100,000 (which suggests a circulation of 30,000 to 50,000 copies). Gara is knownas she is often used by the terrorist organization ETA as a mouthpiece for bomb warnings or other public statements.
• La Voz de Almería ("The Voice of Almería") is a regional daily newspaper from Almería , the capital of the province of Almería of the same name. The circulation of around 10,000 is read by around 67,000 people every day, making it the largest regional daily newspaper in Almería. It has most of its readers in the bars and cafes, where it is available to guests to read for free.

Sports newspapers

• Marca (“record”, “brand”) is published in Madrid by Unidad Editorial ( El Mundo ) and has a circulation of around 400,000 copies. In football coverage, Marca is close to Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid , but also reports extensively on FC Barcelona .
• As is published in Madrid by PRISA ( El País ) with an edition of approx. 211,553 copies (2010). It is aimed primarily at supporters of the Real Madrid club.
• Sport is published in Barcelona by Grupo Zeta ( El Periódico ) with a circulation of around 150,000 sheets and is related to FC Barcelona.
• El Mundo Deportivo (“The World of Sports”) is also aimed at fans of FC Barcelona. It is published by the Godó publishing group ( La Vanguardia )with a print run of around 130,000 copies.
• Superdeporte ( "Super Sport") has a circulation of about 15,000 sheets in Valencia and is aimed primarily at fans of FC Valencia .

Free newspapers

Especially since the turn of the millennium, newspapers distributed for free in Spain experienced an extraordinary boom. Despite the difference in quality to the established daily newspapers, in many cases they reached a significantly larger readership. However, the circulation numbers mentioned here refer to the printed edition, not to that of the actual readers - the difference between the two numbers is usually tighter with free papers than with quality newspapers. As a comparison value, the number of real readers of 20 minutos is estimated at around 2.5 million, that of El País at 2.3 million. Most of the free newspapers were only published Monday through Friday, as they are primarily aimed at commuters.

• 20 minutos ("20 minutes") is published in Madrid by Multiprensa y más with a circulation of around 1 million copies and is the most widely read newspaper in Spain. It was founded in 2000 as the first Spanish free newspaper (initially under the title Madrid ym @ s , "Madrid and more"), but changed the title in 2000 after the publishing house was taken over by the Swiss 20 Min Holding , which also ran the Swiss newspaper 20 Minuten issues. The publishing group Zeta ( El Periódico ) has been a minority shareholder in the holdingsince 2005. 20 minutos is the world's first newspaper to be published under a Creative Commons license, i. H. the content of which can be used freely.
• Qué! (“Was!”) Was published for the first time in 2005 and wastaken over in2007 by the media group Vocento ( ABC ). It appears in an edition of approx. 975,000 copies.
• Metro Directo was the Spanish version of the worldwide free newspaper Metro , which has been published by the Swedish publisher Metro International since 1995. The Spanish edition appeared with a circulation of approx. 850,000 sheets. The show was discontinued in January 2009.
• Diario ADN has been published in Spanish and Catalan in Barcelona since 2005 by the Página Cero publishing house, in which the Planeta ( La Razón )media group is alsoinvolved. ADN is also published under the Creative Commons license.

Others

A property bubble burst in Spain in 2007/8 . During the economic crisis of 2009/10, the Spanish state increased its net new debt. It has been publicly known since around 2012 that the Spanish banking system is in deep crisis . Like some other Mediterranean countries, Spain is also suffering from the so-called euro crisis . As a result, as well as the widespread use of smartphones, notebooks and Internet access, the circulation of many newspapers in Spain has fallen.

literature

• Javier Guallar, Ernest Abadal: The digital press archives of the leading Spanish online newspapers , Information research, Vol. 15 No. 1, March 2010

Web links

• Overview of the Spanish media groups and their holdings, as of 2012 [1]

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hans Bredow Institute for Media Research (ed.): Media AZ . Bonn 2006, p. 321.
2. ↑ Prisa: Prensa especializada ( Memento of the original from October 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed October 9, 2011 (es)