James Caleb Jackson: Difference between revisions

James Caleb Jackson
James Caleb Jackson
Born	March 28, 1811; Manlius, Onondaga County, New York, U.S.
Died	July 11, 1895 (aged 84); Dansville, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Nutritionist
Known for	Inventing Granula
Spouse	Lucretia Edgerton Brewster
Children	James Hathaway Jackson
Relatives	Katharine Johnson Jackson (daughter-in-law)

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James Caleb Jackson (March 28, 1811 – July 11, 1895) was an American nutritionist and the inventor of the first dry, whole grain breakfast cereal which he called Granula.^[1] His views influenced the health reforms of Ellen G. White, a founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.^[2]

Biography[edit]

Jackson was born in Manlius, Onondaga County, New York,^[1] to James and Mary Ann Elderkin Jackson.^[3] He "spent time" at the Manlius School.^[4]^: 20 After completing his education at Chittenango Polytechnic Institute, he worked as a farmer until 1838. He married Lucretia Edgerton Brewster when he was 19 years old.^[3] In his early life, Jackson was active as an abolitionist. He lectured for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, becoming the society's secretary in 1840. With Nathaniel P. Rogers, starting in 1840 he edited the National Anti-Slavery Standard for about a year.^[5] In 1844, with Abel Brown he bought the abolitionist newspaper the Albany Patriot. Jackson managed and wrote for the paper until 1847, when his failing health forced him to retire.^{[citation needed]}

Jackson had been troubled with poor health throughout his life, but he experienced a remarkable recovery after taking a 'water cure' at a spa operated by Silas O. Gleason, the Greenwood Spring Water Cure in Cuba, New York, in 1846–1847.^[3]^[6] As a result, he spent the second half of his life as an advocate for hydropathy, training to become a physician and opening a hydropathic institute at Glen Haven on Skaneateles Lake in Cortland County, New York, in 1847.^[5]

In 1858, he took over the 'Our Home Hygienic Institute' at Dansville, Livingston County, New York. The spa had been founded by Nathaniel Bingham on the site of a mineral water spring some four years earlier. Under Jackson's management, the spa grew to become one of the largest in the world, catering to around 20,000 patients, and was renamed 'Our Home on the Hillside'.^[1]^[6] Jackson was assisted by his wife, known as "Mother Jackson", and their adopted daughter, Dr. Harriet Newell Austin.^[7] The health resort was a Jackson family operation for many years; James Hathaway Jackson (son of James Caleb Jackson) and James Arthur Jackson (son of James Hathaway Jackson and grandson of James Caleb Jackson) were both leaders of the facility.^[8] The family referred to it as the Jackson Sanatorium by 1890;^[8]^[6] the establishment was also known as the Jackson Health Resort.^[7]

Along with water cures, Jackson believed that diet was fundamental in improving health. Over time, he removed red meat from the menu at the spa and ruled out tea, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco. Jackson was a vegetarian^[9] and promoted a vegetarian diet with emphasis on fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed grains. Jackson believed his diet could cure intemperance and masturbation.^[9]^[10] Although accepting the use of surgery, he opposed drugs.^[10] Jackson was opposed to abortion in any circumstance, describing it as "among the greatest crimes".^[11]

In 1863, he developed the first breakfast cereal and named it Granula.^[12]

Jackson died on July 11, 1895, in Dansville, Livingston County, New York.^{[citation needed]}

Publications[edit]

1822 Morning Watches
1853 Hints on the Reproductive Organs: Their Diseases, Causes, and Cure on Hydropathic Principles
1862 Consumption: How to Prevent It, and How to Cure It
1862 The Sexual Organism, and Its Healthful Management
1863 Dancing: Its Evils and Its Benefits
1870 American Womanhood: Its Peculiarities and Necessities
1871 How to Treat the Sick Without Medicine
1872 The Training of Children
1872 The Debilities of Our Boys
1875 Christ as a Physician
1879 Tobacco and Its Effect upon the Health and Character of Those Who Use It

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c William Lloyd Garrison (June 1, 1971). A House Dividing Against Itself 1836–1840. Harvard University Press. pp. 577–. ISBN 978-0-674-52661-7. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
^ Ronald Numbers (1992). Prophetess of Health: Ellen G. White and the Origins of Seventh-Day Adventist Health Reform. University of Tennessee Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c Quick, F.I. (1902). Dansville: Historical, Biographical, Descriptive. Dansville, N.Y.: Instructor Publishing Co. pp. 176–180. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
^ Friedman, Lawrence J. (March 1980). "The Gerrit Smith Circle: Abolitionism in the Burned-Over District". Civil War History. 26 (1): 18–38. doi:10.1353/cwh.1980.0009. S2CID 144487199.
^ ^a ^b Foner, Philip S.; Walker, George E., eds. (1979). "Cazenovia Fugitive Slave Law Convention, August 21–22, 1850". Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 43–53, at p. 51. ISBN 0877221456.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cayleff, Susan (2010). Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9781439904275. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Cayleff, Susan E. (1991). Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9781439904275. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
^ ^a ^b The Jackson Sanatorium. Dansville, NY. 1890. Retrieved August 24, 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 66
^ ^a ^b Mrozek, Donald J. (1987). The Scientific Quest for Physical Culture and the Persistent Appeal of Quackery. Journal of Sport History 14 (1): 76-86.
^ Mohr, James C. (1978). Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy. Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 0-19-502249-1
^ "Who Made That Granola?". New York Times. March 23, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2013. In 1863, Dr. James Caleb Jackson, a health reformer who believed illness was rooted in the stomach, began experimenting with cold cereal to augment the mineral-spring treatments at his sanitarium in upstate New York. ...

External links[edit]

James Caleb Jackson at Find a Grave

[Garrison1971-1] William Lloyd Garrison (June 1, 1971). A House Dividing Against Itself 1836–1840. Harvard University Press. pp. 577–. ISBN 978-0-674-52661-7. Retrieved April 6, 2012.

[2] Ronald Numbers (1992). Prophetess of Health: Ellen G. White and the Origins of Seventh-Day Adventist Health Reform. University of Tennessee Press.

[Dansville-3] Quick, F.I. (1902). Dansville: Historical, Biographical, Descriptive. Dansville, N.Y.: Instructor Publishing Co. pp. 176–180. Retrieved August 24, 2020.

[4] Friedman, Lawrence J. (March 1980). "The Gerrit Smith Circle: Abolitionism in the Burned-Over District". Civil War History. 26 (1): 18–38. doi:10.1353/cwh.1980.0009. S2CID 144487199.

[Foner-5] Foner, Philip S.; Walker, George E., eds. (1979). "Cazenovia Fugitive Slave Law Convention, August 21–22, 1850". Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 43–53, at p. 51. ISBN 0877221456.

[Cayleff-6] Cayleff, Susan (2010). Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9781439904275. Retrieved August 25, 2020.

[Cayleff1991-7] Cayleff, Susan E. (1991). Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9781439904275. Retrieved August 22, 2020.

[JacksonSanatorium-8] The Jackson Sanatorium. Dansville, NY. 1890. Retrieved August 24, 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Forward_1898-9] Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 66

[Mrozek_1987-10] Mrozek, Donald J. (1987). The Scientific Quest for Physical Culture and the Persistent Appeal of Quackery. Journal of Sport History 14 (1): 76-86.

[11] Mohr, James C. (1978). Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy. Oxford University Press. p. 172. ISBN 0-19-502249-1

[12] "Who Made That Granola?". New York Times. March 23, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2013. In 1863, Dr. James Caleb Jackson, a health reformer who believed illness was rooted in the stomach, began experimenting with cold cereal to augment the mineral-spring treatments at his sanitarium in upstate New York. ...

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|American nutritionist (1811–1895)}}
 {{Other people|James Jackson}}
 {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
+{{Infobox person
-{{Infobox person | name =James Caleb Jackson | image =File:James Caleb Jackson1.jpg | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1811|3|28}} | birth_place =[[Manlius, New York|Manlius]], [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1895|7|11|1811|3|28}} | death_place =[[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville, New York]] | death_cause = | other_names = | known_for =[[Granula]] | education = | occupation =[[Nutritionist]] | spouse =Lucretia Edgerton Brewster | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = }}
+| name               = James Caleb Jackson
+| image              = File:James Caleb Jackson1.jpg
+| caption            =
+| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1811|3|28}}
+| birth_place        = [[Manlius, New York|Manlius]], [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
+| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1895|7|11|1811|3|28}}
+| death_place        = [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville, New York]], U.S.
+| death_cause        =
+| known_for          = Inventing [[Granula]]
+| education          =
+| occupation         = [[Nutritionist]]
+| spouse             = Lucretia Edgerton Brewster
+| partner            =
+| children           = [[James Hathaway Jackson]]
+| parents            =
+| relatives          = [[Katharine Johnson Jackson]] (daughter-in-law)
+}}
 {{Seventh-day Adventism}}
-'''James Caleb Jackson''' (March 28, 1811 – July 11, 1895) was the inventor of the first dry, [[whole grain]] [[breakfast cereal]] which he called [[granula]].<ref name="Garrison1971">{{cite book|author=William Lloyd Garrison|title=A House Dividing Against Itself 1836–1840|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ojhsW0VgooC&pg=PA577|accessdate=April 6, 2012|date=June 1, 1971|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-52661-7|pages=577–}}</ref> His views influenced the health reforms of [[Ellen G. White]], a founder of the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]].<ref>[[Ronald Numbers]] (1992). ''Prophetess of Health: Ellen G. White and the Origins of Seventh-Day Adventist Health Reform''. University of Tennessee Press.</ref>
+'''James Caleb Jackson''' (March 28, 1811 – July 11, 1895) was an American [[nutritionist]] and the inventor of the first dry, [[whole grain]] [[breakfast cereal]] which he called [[Granula]].<ref name="Garrison1971">{{cite book|author=William Lloyd Garrison|title=A House Dividing Against Itself 1836–1840|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ojhsW0VgooC&pg=PA577|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=June 1, 1971|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-52661-7|pages=577–}}</ref> His views influenced the health reforms of [[Ellen G. White]], a founder of the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]].<ref>[[Ronald Numbers]] (1992). ''Prophetess of Health: Ellen G. White and the Origins of Seventh-Day Adventist Health Reform''. University of Tennessee Press.</ref>
 ==Biography==
-Jackson was born in [[Manlius, New York|Manlius]], [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]], [[New York (state)|New York]],<ref name="Garrison1971"/> to James and Mary Ann Elderkin Jackson.<ref name="Dansville">{{cite book |last1=Quick |first1=F.I. |title=Dansville: Historical, Biographical, Descriptive |date=1902 |publisher=Instructor Publishing Co. |location=Dansville, N.Y. |pages=176-180 |url=https://archive.org/details/dansvillehistori00bunn/page/n185/ |accessdate=August 24, 2020}}</ref> After completing his education at [[Yates Polytechnic Institute|Chittenango Polytechnic Institute]], he worked as a farmer until 1838. He married Lucretia Edgerton Brewster when he was 19 years old.<ref name="Dansville" /> In his early life, Jackson was active as an [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]]. He lectured for the [[Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society]], becoming the society's secretary in 1840. From 1844, he moved into journalism, buying the abolitionist newspaper the ''Albany Patriot'' with Abel Brown. Jackson managed and wrote for the paper until 1847, when his failing health forced him to retire.
+Jackson was born in [[Manlius, New York|Manlius]], [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]], [[New York (state)|New York]],<ref name="Garrison1971"/> to James and Mary Ann Elderkin Jackson.<ref name="Dansville">{{cite book |last1=Quick |first1=F.I. |title=Dansville: Historical, Biographical, Descriptive |date=1902 |publisher=Instructor Publishing Co. |location=Dansville, N.Y. |pages=176–180 |url=https://archive.org/details/dansvillehistori00bunn/page/n185/ |access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> He "spent time" at the [[Manlius School]].<ref>{{cite journal
+|title=The Gerrit Smith Circle: Abolitionism in the Burned-Over District
+|first=Lawrence J.
+|last=Friedman
+|journal=Civil War History
+|date=March 1980
+|volume=26
+|number=1
+|pages=18–38
+|doi=10.1353/cwh.1980.0009
+|s2cid=144487199
+|url=https://content.ebscohost.com/cds/retrieve?content=AQICAHjIloLM_J-oCztr2keYdV8f1ibHmDucods679W_YPnffAEZlHNG6x7_QCwIRByfrEKGAAAA2DCB1QYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIHHMIHEAgEAMIG-BgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHgYJYIZIAWUDBAEuMBEEDHo4gzBzP8pnTTNbbAIBEICBkOJUrOraxj4rE2SzVchZYwbuUFqxoUMKjs1EBmH58xyrZ5bEwPMcjnQextz_8beSzsRZw1QwlZaLMNoEHY_bDPJgtV2MyAe4OghEYnzu9hq0j1tzFax4d14XZCxglpeq5uwBkU3Uk2vEZY8Ato-oo9H8jfQ2yo4VE05f1WzBQMIzlAQeJS3ERFdRKVvwNXCmMA==}}</ref>{{rp|20}} After completing his education at [[Yates Polytechnic Institute|Chittenango Polytechnic Institute]], he worked as a farmer until 1838. He married Lucretia Edgerton Brewster when he was 19 years old.<ref name="Dansville" /> In his early life, Jackson was active as an [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]]. He lectured for the [[Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society]], becoming the society's secretary in 1840. With [[Nathaniel P. Rogers]], starting in 1840 he edited the [[National Anti-Slavery Standard]] for about a year.<ref name=Foner/> In 1844, with [[Abel Brown]] he bought the abolitionist newspaper the ''Albany Patriot''. Jackson managed and wrote for the paper until 1847, when his failing health forced him to retire.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}
-Jackson had been troubled with poor health throughout his life, but he experienced a remarkable recovery after taking a 'water cure' at a [[spa]] operated by Silas O. Gleason, the Greenwood Spring Water Cure in [[Cuba, New York]], in 1846-1847.<ref name="Dansville" /><ref name="Cayleff">{{cite book |last1=Cayleff |first1=Susan |title=Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health |date=2010 |publisher=Temple University Press |location=Philadelphia |pages=114-115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PtpyJgRT5gcC&dq |accessdate=August 25, 2020}}</ref> As a result, he spent the second half of his life as an advocate for [[hydropathy]], training to become a [[physician]] and opening a [[hydropathic institute]] at [[Glen Haven, New York|Glen Haven]] on [[Skaneateles Lake]] in [[Cortland County, New York]], in 1847.
+Jackson had been troubled with poor health throughout his life, but he experienced a remarkable recovery after taking a 'water cure' at a [[spa]] operated by Silas O. Gleason, the Greenwood Spring Water Cure in [[Cuba, New York]], in 1846–1847.<ref name="Dansville" /><ref name="Cayleff">{{cite book |last1=Cayleff |first1=Susan |title=Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health |date=2010 |publisher=Temple University Press |location=Philadelphia |pages=114–115 |isbn=9781439904275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PtpyJgRT5gcC |access-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref> As a result, he spent the second half of his life as an advocate for [[hydropathy]], training to become a [[physician]] and opening a [[hydropathic institute]] at [[Glen Haven, New York|Glen Haven]] on [[Skaneateles Lake]] in [[Cortland County, New York]], in 1847.<ref name =Foner>{{cite book
+|chapter=Cazenovia Fugitive Slave Law Convention, August 21–22, 1850
+|title=Proceedings of the Black State Conventions, 1840–1865
+|editor-first1=Philip S.
+|editor-last1=Foner
+|editor-link1=Philip S. Foner
+|editor-first2=George E.
+|editor-last2=Walker
+|location=Philadelphia
+|publisher=[[Temple University Press]]
+|year=1979
+|volume=1
+|isbn=0877221456
+|pages=43–53, at p. 51}}</ref>
-In 1858, he took over the 'Our Home Hygienic Institute' at [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville]], [[Livingston County, New York]]. The spa had been founded by Nathaniel Bingham on the site of a [[mineral water]] spring some four years earlier. Under Jackson's management, the spa grew to be one of the largest in the world, catering to around 20,000 patients, and was renamed 'Our Home on the Hillside'.<ref name="Garrison1971"/> Jackson was assisted by his wife, known as "Mother Jackson", and their adopted daughter, [[Harriet N. Austin|Dr. Harriet Newell Austin]].<ref name="Cayleff1991">{{cite book |last= Cayleff |first= Susan E. |title=Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health |year= 1991 |publisher= Temple University Press |location= Philadelphia |pages=94-95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FjLO6DwwhMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Wash+and+Be+Healed:%22#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=August 22, 2020}}</ref> The health resort was a Jackson family operation for many years; James Hathaway Jackson (son of James Caleb Jackson) and James Arthur Jackson (son of James Hathaway Jackson and grandson of James Caleb Jackson) were both leaders of the facility.<ref name="JacksonSanatorium">{{cite book |title=The Jackson Sanatorium |date=1890 |location=Dansville, NY |url=https://archive.org/details/jacksonsanatoriu00buff/page/n5/ |accessdate=August 24, 2020}}</ref> The family referred to it as the Jackson Sanatorium by 1890;<ref name="JacksonSanatorium" /> the establishment was also known as the Jackson Health Resort.<ref name="Cayleff1991" />
+In 1858, he took over the 'Our Home Hygienic Institute' at [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York|Dansville]], [[Livingston County, New York]]. The spa had been founded by Nathaniel Bingham on the site of a [[mineral water]] spring some four years earlier. Under Jackson's management, the spa grew to become one of the largest in the world, catering to around 20,000 patients, and was renamed 'Our Home on the Hillside'.<ref name="Garrison1971"/><ref name="Cayleff" /> Jackson was assisted by his wife, known as "Mother Jackson", and their adopted daughter, [[Harriet N. Austin|Dr. Harriet Newell Austin]].<ref name="Cayleff1991">{{cite book |last= Cayleff |first= Susan E. |title=Wash and Be Healed: The Water-Cure Movement and Women's Health |year= 1991 |publisher= Temple University Press |location= Philadelphia |pages=94–95 |isbn= 9781439904275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FjLO6DwwhMC&q=%22Wash+and+Be+Healed:%22 |access-date=August 22, 2020}}</ref> The health resort was a Jackson family operation for many years; [[James Hathaway Jackson]] (son of James Caleb Jackson) and James Arthur Jackson (son of James Hathaway Jackson and grandson of James Caleb Jackson) were both leaders of the facility.<ref name="JacksonSanatorium">{{cite book |title=The Jackson Sanatorium |date=1890 |location=Dansville, NY |url=https://archive.org/details/jacksonsanatoriu00buff/page/n5/ |access-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> The family referred to it as the [[Jackson Sanatorium]] by 1890;<ref name="JacksonSanatorium" /><ref name="Cayleff" /> the establishment was also known as the Jackson Health Resort.<ref name="Cayleff1991" />
 Along with water cures, Jackson believed that diet was fundamental in improving health. Over time, he removed [[red meat]] from the [[menu]] at the spa and ruled out tea, coffee, [[Alcoholic beverage|alcohol]], and tobacco. Jackson was a [[Vegetarianism|vegetarian]]<ref name="Forward 1898">Forward, Charles W. (1898). ''Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England''. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 66</ref> and promoted a vegetarian diet with emphasis on [[fruits]], vegetables, and [[Whole grain|unprocessed grains]]. Jackson believed his diet could cure [[Alcohol intoxication|intemperance]] and [[masturbation]].<ref name="Forward 1898"/><ref name="Mrozek 1987">Mrozek, Donald J. (1987). ''The Scientific Quest for Physical Culture and the Persistent Appeal of Quackery''. ''Journal of Sport History'' 14 (1): 76-86.</ref> Although accepting the use of surgery, he opposed [[Medication|drugs]].<ref name="Mrozek 1987"/> Jackson was opposed to [[abortion]] in any circumstance, describing it as "among the greatest crimes".<ref>Mohr, James C. (1978). ''Abortion in America: The Origins and Evolution of National Policy''. Oxford University Press. p. 172. {{ISBN|0-19-502249-1}}</ref>
-In 1863, he developed the first [[breakfast cereal]] and named it [[Granula]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title= Who Made That Granola? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/magazine/who-made-that-granola.html |quote=In 1863, Dr. James Caleb Jackson, a health reformer who believed illness was rooted in the stomach, began experimenting with cold cereal to augment the mineral-spring treatments at his sanitarium in upstate New York. ... |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=March 23, 2012 |accessdate=December 23, 2013}}</ref>
+In 1863, he developed the first [[breakfast cereal]] and named it [[Granula]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Who Made That Granola? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/magazine/who-made-that-granola.html |quote=In 1863, Dr. James Caleb Jackson, a health reformer who believed illness was rooted in the stomach, began experimenting with cold cereal to augment the mineral-spring treatments at his sanitarium in upstate New York. ... |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=March 23, 2012 |access-date=December 23, 2013}}</ref>
-Jackson died on July 11, 1895 in [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York]].
+Jackson died on July 11, 1895, in [[Dansville, Livingston County, New York]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}
 ==Publications==
@@ Line 48: / Line 90: @@
 {{Vegetarianism|state=collapsed}}
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, James}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, James}}
 [[Category:1811 births]]
 [[Category:1895 deaths]]
@@ Line 60: / Line 102: @@
 [[Category:American Seventh-day Adventists]]
 [[Category:American temperance activists]]
+[[Category:American vegetarianism activists]]
 [[Category:Anti-smoking activists]]
-[[Category:Christian abolitionists]]
 [[Category:Hydrotherapists]]
 [[Category:Orthopaths]]
@@ Line 67: / Line 109: @@
 [[Category:People from Manlius, New York]]
 [[Category:Seventh-day Adventists in health science]]
-[[Category:Vegetarianism activists]]
+[[Category:Opponents of tea drinking]]

Authority control databases
International	FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat
National	United States Netherlands
Artists	ULAN
People	Trove
Other	SNAC IdRef

Latest revision as of 22:40, 25 April 2024

Biography[edit]

Publications[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]