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{{future album}}
[[Pesticide]] [[poison]]ings occur when chemicals intended to control a [[pest (animal)|pest]] affect non-target organisms such as [[human]]s, [[wildlife]], or [[bee]]s. Since label directions required by the [[Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act|FIFRA]] are specifically designed to protect applicators and other humans, wildlife, and other environmental resources, the majority of pesticide poisonings result from [[pesticide misuse|violations of the label directions]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Albums -->
|Name = Theater of the Mind
|Type = studio
|Artist = [[Ludacris]]
|Cover = Theater Of The Mind.png
|Released = {{Start date|2008|11|25}}
|Recorded = 2007–2008
|Genre = [[Southern rap]]
|Length =
|Label = [[Disturbing tha Peace]], [[Def Jam Recordings|def Jam]]
|Producer = [[DJ Premier]], [[9th Wonder]], [[Clinton Sparks]], [[Dre & Vidal]], Ice Drake, [[Don Cannon]],<ref name=buzznet/> [[Kanye West]], [[Swizz Beatz]], [[Just Blaze]], [[Darkchild]], [[Ski (producer)|Ski]], [[Organized Noize]], [[DJ Toomp]], [[Drumma Boy]]
|Reviews =
|Last album = ''[[Release Therapy]]''<br/>(2006)
|This album = '''''Theater of the Mind''''' <br/>(2008)
|Next album =
{{Singles
|Name = Theater of the Mind
|Type = studio
|single 1 = [[What Them Girls Like]]
|single 1 date = August 7, 2008
|single 2 = [[Wish You Would]]
|single 2 date = September 2, 2008
|single 3 = Undisputed
|single 3 date= September 30, 2008
}}}}


'''''Theater of the Mind''''' is the sixth upcoming [[studio album]] by [[United States|American]] rapper [[Ludacris]]. It is scheduled to be released on November 25, 2008.<ref>[http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=308&news_id=106324 Ludacris official website]</ref>
A major exception to the above rule of thumb, likely the worst single case of pesticide poisoning that has ever occurred, occurred due to an [[Bhopal Disaster|industrial accident]] at a [[Union Carbide]] pesticide manufacturing plant in [[Bhopal]], [[India]]. On the night of [[December 3]], [[1984]], a leak erupted from one of the tanks of [[methyl isocyanate]], a gas that is an intermediate step in the production of [[carbaryl]] and [[aldicarb]]. For two hours the gas poured out and into the surrounding community, killing at least 3,800 people, and permanently disabling 40 people. About two thousand seven hundred people were partly disabled and over 400,000 have lingering [[health effects]]. The worst damage was to the eyes and lungs of the victims, but there were many other physical and psychiatric symptoms as well. One reason the accident was so severe was that all safety and backup systems were either disabled or inadequate.


==Background==
== The label is the key ==
The album was slated for release on October 21, but was pushed back to November 25. In April 2008, a song named "Stay Together" appeared on xxlmag.com;<ref>[http://www.xxlmag.com/online/?p=20680 Ludacris "Stay Together" audio.]</ref> supposedly from the new album. [[DJ Toomp]] has also worked on this album.<ref>[http://www.xxlmag.com/online/?p=19317 DJ Toomp: Grammy Family]. Accessed July 6, 2008.</ref> [[T.I.]] will also be appearing on a track called "Wish You Would".<ref name=wishyouwouldmtv>[http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1592463/20080808/ludacris.jhtml Ludacris, T.I. 'Wish You Would' Believe There's No Beef Between Them.] Accessed August 8, 2008.</ref>


The first single "[[What Them Girls Like]]" was released on August 7, 2008. The single "co-stars" [[Chris Brown (entertainer)|Chris Brown]] and [[Sean Garrett]].
Pesticides are designed to kill pests are usually toxic to other creatures as well, including the applicator, people working in the field, and non-target organisms such as birds, wild and domestic animals and bees (our primary pollinators). The label for each chemical pesticide is designed after extensive testing to maximize the effectiveness of this particular material and minimize risks. It often takes millions of dollars and several years to get a new material ''labeled'' ie approved for use, in the USA. Prevention of pesticide poisoning, as well as first aid response when accidents occur all should start with the label.


The second single "[[Wish You Would]]" was released on September 2, 2008. The single "co-stars" T.I.
A fruit farmer in New York was preparing to use [[paraquat]] for [[herbicide|weed control]] in his [[orchard]]. He spilled the concentrate on his bare forearm and hand, while mixing in the tank. He immediately flooded the affected skin with [[water]] from the filler hose. Notwithstanding his immediate washing, he [[death|died]] of [[chemical pneumonia]] the following week. His death was preventable had he not made three errors: 1. He had a casual attitude about a highly toxic chemical, 2. He was not wearing skin protection as directed by the label, and 3. He did not seek immediate medical attention after the accident.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}


A video for the song "Undisputed" has been made and first shown on the BET Network. The video features boxer [[Floyd Mayweather, Jr.]] and 6-year old boxer Pretty Boy Bam Bam.<ref name=undisputed>ATLien (September 8, 2008). [http://straightfromthea.com/2008/09/08/video-ludacris-vs-a-6-year-old Video ~ Ludacris vs. a 6 Year Old] ''Straight From the A''. Accessed September 8, 2008</ref>
Prior to using any pesticide, even the garden dust one buys at the discount store, one must carefully read the label. Knowing what it says may prevent [[injury]] or death. Pesticide labels are also [[legal]] documents. Using the material contrary to the directions is a [[violation]]; deliberate use in violation of the label is a [[crime]].


==Concept==
There are three technical words used on pesticide labels that are important to check.
Ludacris says the album is [[theatre|theatrical]], conceptual-wise. Every song you hear sounds like a [[scene (film)|scene]] from a [[film|movie]].<ref name=rapup>(July 16, 2008). [http://www.rap-up.com/2008/07/16/ludacris-gets-theatrical-on-sixth-album/ Ludacris Gets Theatrical on Sixth Album] ''Rap-Up''. Accessed August 3, 2008.</ref>
# '''Caution''': mildly toxic, more than an ounce would be a lethal dose for a human (less for children).
# '''Warning''' more toxic, a teaspoon to a tablespoon is a lethal dose for an adult.
# '''Danger''' (accompanied by the symbol of the skull and crossbones), ''highly toxic - a minute amount can kill an adult.''


==Guests==
== Acute poisoning of humans ==
Ludacris stated that none of the tracks will be featuring any guests, instead they will be "co-starring".<ref name=wishyouwouldmtv/> Confirmed co-stars include [[Lil Wayne]], [[Floyd Mayweather Jr.]], [[Jamie Foxx]], [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]]<ref name=complexludainterview>[http://www.complex.com/CELEBRITIES/Web-Exclusive/Ludacris?page=2 Ludacris Interview.]</ref>, [[T.I.]], [[Chris Brown (singer)|Chris Brown]], [[Nas]], [[Chris Rock]], [[Common (rapper)|Common]], [[Sean Garrett]], [[T-Pain]], [[Plies (rapper)|Plies]], [[Rick Ross (rapper)|Rick Ross]], [[Spike Lee]], [[Playaz Circle]], Willy Northpole<ref name=billboardludacrissept2>[http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003844677 Ludacris' Busy Fall: New Album, Two Films.] Accessed September 2, 2008.</ref>, [[Criss Angel]]<ref>[http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=308&news_id=106324 Ludacris official website]</ref> and more. The rock band [[Good Charlotte]] is planned to have an appearance.<ref name=buzznet>[http://www.buzznet.com/musicnews/j2282381/ Ludacris Acts Out on September's 'Theater of the Mind']</ref> Ludacris' fellow [[Disturbing tha Peace]] artist, Willy Northpole is scheduled to co-star with [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]].<ref name=bet>Low Key ([[July 17]], [[2008]]). [http://blogs.bet.com/music/soundOff/the-ludacris-experience/ The Ludacris Experience…] ''BET''. Accessed August 3, 2008.</ref> He hopes to work with [[Eminem]] for the album.<ref name=billboardludacrissept2/>


==''The Preview''==
It is critical, when pesticide poisoning is suspected, to get competent treatment as rapidly as possible. Since pesticides have different modes of action and different medical responses, it is also necessary to refer to the label. If you are using a pesticide, be sure a copy of the label is present and accessible before you begin use. If you are rendering first aid, if at all possible, obtain a copy of the pesticide label for yourself and for the medical personnel.
Ludacris released a "Gangsta Grillz" mixtape with [[DJ Drama]] called ''[[The Preview]]''. The mixtape was released as a download on July 28, 2008.


==Confirmed tracks==
If one is regularly using [[carbamate]] and [[organophosphate]] pesticides, it is important to obtain a baseline [[cholinesterase]] test. Cholinesterase is an important enzyme of the nervous system, and these chemical groups kill pests, and potentially injure or kill humans by [[Cholinesterase inhibitor|inhibiting cholinesterase]]. If one has a baseline test, and suspects a poisoning, one can identify the extent of it by comparison of the current cholinesterase level with the baseline level.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Title
!Featured guest(s)
!Written by
!Producer(s)
!Length
|-
|"Call Up the Homies"<ref name=billboardludacrissept2/>
|[[The Game (rapper)|The Game]] & Willy Northpole
|C. Bridges, J. Taylor, W. Adams
|[[Clinton Sparks]]
|4:06
|-
|"Do the Right Thing (Wake Up)"<ref name=hiphopchronical>http://www.thehiphopchronicle.com/2008/09/18/ludacris-speaks-to-the-hip-hop-chronicle-videoaudio Ludacris Speaks to Hip Hop Chronicle</ref>
|[[Common (rapper)|Common]] & [[Spike Lee]]
|C. Bridges, L. Lynn, S. Lee
|[[9th Wonder]]
|
|-
|"Everybody Hates Chris"<ref>[http://blogs.sohh.com/atlanta/2008/09/gyants_honorabl.html Gyan's Honorable Mention]</ref>
|[[Chris Rock]]
|C. Bridges, D. Cannon
|[[Don Cannon]]
|
|-
|"I Do It For Hip Hop"<ref name=ludacrisangie>[http://videos.onsmash.com/v/LyarCzjWtcuXwZUj Angie Martinez Interviews Ludacris.]</ref>
|[[Nas]]
|C. Bridges, N. Jones, J. Smith
|[[Just Blaze]]
|-
|"Last of a Dying Breed"<ref name=billboardmind/>
|[[Lil Wayne]]
|C. Bridges, D. Carter, C. Gholston
|[[Drumma Boy]]
|
|-
|"Let's Stay Together"<ref name=billboardludacrissept2/>
|
|C. Bridges, P. Beauregard
|[[DJ Paul]]
|4:18
|-
|"MVP"<ref name=billboardmind>Hillary Crosley (September 26, 2008). [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003855663 Ludacris Lets Listeners Inside His 'Mind'] ''Billboard''. Accessed September 26, 2008.</ref>
|
|C. Bridges, C. Martin
|[[DJ Premier]]
|
|-
|"One More Drink"<ref name=billboardludacrissept2/>
|[[T-Pain]]
|C. Bridges, F. Najm
|[[Trackmasters]]
|3:43
|-
|"Southern Gangsters"<ref>[http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=308&news_id=106296 Listen In On The Ludacris Theather of the Mind Conference Call]</ref>
|[[Playaz Circle]] & [[Rick Ross (rapper)|Rick Ross]]
|C. Bridges, T. Epps, E. Conyers, W. Roberts
|
|-
|"Undisputed"<ref name=undisputed/>
|[[Floyd Mayweather]]
|C. Bridges, F. Mayweather
|Don Cannon
|4:36
|-
|"[[What Them Girls Like]]"<ref name=bet/>
|[[Chris Brown (singer)|Chris Brown]] & [[Sean Garrett]]
|C. Bridges, C. Brown, S. Garrett, R. Jerkins
|[[Rodney Jerkins|Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins]]
|4:06
|-
|"[[Wish You Would]]"<ref name=wishyouwouldmtv/>
|[[T.I.]]
|C. Bridges, C. Harris, A. Davis
|[[DJ Toomp]]
|4:50
|}


==References==
*How poisonings occur
{{reflist}}


{{Ludacris}}
Pesticides can enter the body from inhalation, ingestion, or eye or skin contact. Many cases of poisoning occur to applicators without proper protection. Another scenario is that pesticides are directly applied to farmworkers in the field, or that they re-enter treated field before the toxicity levels drop to acceptable levels.


[[Category:Albums produced by 9th Wonder]]
*First aid for poisoning victims
[[Category:Albums produced by Darkchild]]
[[Category:Albums produced by DJ Premier]]
[[Category:Albums produced by DJ Toomp]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Eminem]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Just Blaze]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Kanye West]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Swizz Beatz]]


[[fr:Theater of the Mind]]
Never attempt to rescue someone or give mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose rescucitation when an unknown or highly toxic substance is involved, you may become a victim yourself.

If ingested, do not induce vomiting and do not give excessive fluids. A small drink of water is fine, if the substance is irritating. If the substance is on the skin, wash thoroughly with water. If in the eye, flush with running water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, remove the person from the exposure to fresh air. If they are sleepy or having difficulty breathing put them in the recovery position (on their side, with their head lower than their body). Call your local Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222, or Emergency Service at 911 if the person has severe symptoms.

*Children more vulnerable than adults ''(placeholder)''
*Symptoms of pesticide poisoning (''placeholder)''

== Chronic poisoning, genetic damage, and birth defects of humans ==

Rachel Carson's [[Silent Spring]] brought about the first major wave of public concern over the chronic effects of pesticides. The [[organochlorine]] pesticides, like [[DDT]], [[aldrin]], and [[dieldrin]] are extremely persistent and accumulate in fatty tissue. Through the process of bioaccumulation (lower amounts in the environment get magnified sequentially up the food chain), large amounts of organochlorines can accumulate in top species like humans. There is substantial evidence to suggest that DDT, and its metabolite [[DDE]], act as [[endocrine disruptors]], interfering with hormonal function of estrogen, testosterone, and other steroid hormones.

There is speculation of a pesticide contribution to [[Parkinson's disease]], see section on [[Parkinson's#Toxins|Toxins]].

Certain [[organophosphates]] have long been known to cause a delayed-onset toxicity to nerve cells, which is often irreversible. Several studies have shown persistent deficits in cognitive function in workers chronically exposed to pesticides (Jamal et al. 2000). Newer evidence suggests that these pesticides may cause developmental neurotoxicity at much lower doses and without depression of plasma [[cholinesterase]] levels.

{{Expand|date=January 2007}}

== Poisoning of other ''non-target'' organisms (wildlife, bees) ==

An obvious side effect of using a chemical meant to kill is that one is likely to kill more than just the desired organism. Contact with a sprayed plant or "weed" can have an effect upon local wildlife, most notably insects.

== References ==

Jamal GA, Hansen S, Julu PO. Low level exposures to organophosphorus esters may cause neurotoxicity. Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181-182:23-33. Review. PMID 12505280

==External links==
*[http://npic.orst.edu National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC)] - Objective, science-based information about pesticide-related topics.
*[http://www.thebestcontrol.com/physicians_guide/howto.htm Physician's Guide to Pesticide Poisoning]
*[http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare/handbook/handbook.htm Environmental Protection Agency] - Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings
* [http://www.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden2/execsumm.php The Pollution in Newborns] - From the Environmental Working Group
* [http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/centre/directory/en/ Find Your Local Poison Control Center (Worldwide)]
* [http://curriculum.toxicology.wikispaces.net/2.2.7+Pesticides WikiTox] Information & Teaching material on human toxicology

[[Category:Pesticides]]
[[Category:Toxicology]]

[[ko:농약 중독]]

Revision as of 20:27, 11 October 2008

Template:Future album

Untitled

Theater of the Mind is the sixth upcoming studio album by American rapper Ludacris. It is scheduled to be released on November 25, 2008.[2]

Background

The album was slated for release on October 21, but was pushed back to November 25. In April 2008, a song named "Stay Together" appeared on xxlmag.com;[3] supposedly from the new album. DJ Toomp has also worked on this album.[4] T.I. will also be appearing on a track called "Wish You Would".[5]

The first single "What Them Girls Like" was released on August 7, 2008. The single "co-stars" Chris Brown and Sean Garrett.

The second single "Wish You Would" was released on September 2, 2008. The single "co-stars" T.I.

A video for the song "Undisputed" has been made and first shown on the BET Network. The video features boxer Floyd Mayweather, Jr. and 6-year old boxer Pretty Boy Bam Bam.[6]

Concept

Ludacris says the album is theatrical, conceptual-wise. Every song you hear sounds like a scene from a movie.[7]

Guests

Ludacris stated that none of the tracks will be featuring any guests, instead they will be "co-starring".[5] Confirmed co-stars include Lil Wayne, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Jamie Foxx, The Game[8], T.I., Chris Brown, Nas, Chris Rock, Common, Sean Garrett, T-Pain, Plies, Rick Ross, Spike Lee, Playaz Circle, Willy Northpole[9], Criss Angel[10] and more. The rock band Good Charlotte is planned to have an appearance.[1] Ludacris' fellow Disturbing tha Peace artist, Willy Northpole is scheduled to co-star with The Game.[11] He hopes to work with Eminem for the album.[9]

The Preview

Ludacris released a "Gangsta Grillz" mixtape with DJ Drama called The Preview. The mixtape was released as a download on July 28, 2008.

Confirmed tracks

Title Featured guest(s) Written by Producer(s) Length
"Call Up the Homies"[9] The Game & Willy Northpole C. Bridges, J. Taylor, W. Adams Clinton Sparks 4:06
"Do the Right Thing (Wake Up)"[12] Common & Spike Lee C. Bridges, L. Lynn, S. Lee 9th Wonder
"Everybody Hates Chris"[13] Chris Rock C. Bridges, D. Cannon Don Cannon
"I Do It For Hip Hop"[14] Nas C. Bridges, N. Jones, J. Smith Just Blaze
"Last of a Dying Breed"[15] Lil Wayne C. Bridges, D. Carter, C. Gholston Drumma Boy
"Let's Stay Together"[9] C. Bridges, P. Beauregard DJ Paul 4:18
"MVP"[15] C. Bridges, C. Martin DJ Premier
"One More Drink"[9] T-Pain C. Bridges, F. Najm Trackmasters 3:43
"Southern Gangsters"[16] Playaz Circle & Rick Ross C. Bridges, T. Epps, E. Conyers, W. Roberts
"Undisputed"[6] Floyd Mayweather C. Bridges, F. Mayweather Don Cannon 4:36
"What Them Girls Like"[11] Chris Brown & Sean Garrett C. Bridges, C. Brown, S. Garrett, R. Jerkins Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins 4:06
"Wish You Would"[5] T.I. C. Bridges, C. Harris, A. Davis DJ Toomp 4:50

References

  1. ^ a b Ludacris Acts Out on September's 'Theater of the Mind'
  2. ^ Ludacris official website
  3. ^ Ludacris "Stay Together" audio.
  4. ^ DJ Toomp: Grammy Family. Accessed July 6, 2008.
  5. ^ a b c Ludacris, T.I. 'Wish You Would' Believe There's No Beef Between Them. Accessed August 8, 2008.
  6. ^ a b ATLien (September 8, 2008). Video ~ Ludacris vs. a 6 Year Old Straight From the A. Accessed September 8, 2008
  7. ^ (July 16, 2008). Ludacris Gets Theatrical on Sixth Album Rap-Up. Accessed August 3, 2008.
  8. ^ Ludacris Interview.
  9. ^ a b c d e Ludacris' Busy Fall: New Album, Two Films. Accessed September 2, 2008.
  10. ^ Ludacris official website
  11. ^ a b Low Key (July 17, 2008). The Ludacris Experience… BET. Accessed August 3, 2008.
  12. ^ http://www.thehiphopchronicle.com/2008/09/18/ludacris-speaks-to-the-hip-hop-chronicle-videoaudio Ludacris Speaks to Hip Hop Chronicle
  13. ^ Gyan's Honorable Mention
  14. ^ Angie Martinez Interviews Ludacris.
  15. ^ a b Hillary Crosley (September 26, 2008). Ludacris Lets Listeners Inside His 'Mind' Billboard. Accessed September 26, 2008.
  16. ^ Listen In On The Ludacris Theather of the Mind Conference Call
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