Aylesbury: Difference between revisions
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*[[Quarrendon Upper School]] |
*[[Quarrendon Upper School]] |
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*[[Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School]] |
*[[Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School]] |
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*[[John Colet School]] |
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There are also the following special schools, that teach secondary school age children with [[Learning disability|learning disabilities]]: |
There are also the following special schools, that teach secondary school age children with [[Learning disability|learning disabilities]]: |
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Revision as of 09:37, 15 December 2006
Template:Infobox England place with map Aylesbury is the county town of Buckinghamshire in south central England. It had a population in the 2001 census of 65,173 and is part of the London commuter belt.
History
The town name is Anglo-Saxon, though excavations in the town centre in the early 1990s found an Iron Age hillfort dating from around 650BC. The town is sited on an outcrop of Portlandian limestone which accounts for its prominent position in the surrounding landscape, which is largely clay. Aylesbury was a major market town in Anglo-Saxon times, famous in addition as the burial place of Saint Osyth, whose shrine attracted pilgrims. The Early English parish church of St. Mary (with many later additions) is built over remains of the Saxon crypt. At the Conquest, the king took the manor of Aylesbury for himself, and it is listed as a royal manor in the Domesday Book, 1086.
In 1450 a religious institution called the Guild of St Mary was founded in Aylesbury by John Kemp, Archbishop of York. Known popularly as the Guild of Our Lady it became a meeting place for local dignitaries and a hotbed of political intrigue. The Guild was influential in the final outcome of the Wars of the Roses. Its premises at the Chantry in Church Street, Aylesbury, are still there, though today the site is occupied mainly by almshouses.
Aylesbury was declared the county town of Buckinghamshire in 1529 by King Henry VIII: Aylesbury Manor was among the many properties belonging to Thomas Boleyn the father of the infamous Anne Boleyn and it is rumoured that the change was made by the king in order to curry favour with the holders of the manor. (Previously the county town of Buckinghamshire was Buckingham).
The town played a large part in the English Civil War when it became a stronghold for the Parliamentarian forces, like many market towns a nursing-ground of Puritan sentiment. Its proximity to Great Hampden, home of John Hampden has made of Hampden a local hero: his silhouette is on the emblem used by Aylesbury Vale District Council and his statue stands prominently in the town centre. The town's heraldic crest is the Aylesbury duck, which has been bred here since the birth of the Industrial Revolution.
The Jacobean mansion of Hartwell nearby was the residence of Louis XVIII during his exile (1810 – 1814). The town also received international publicity in the 1960s when the culprits responsible for the Great Train Robbery were tried at Aylesbury Crown Court. The robbery took place at Bridego Bridge, a railway bridge at Ledburn, about six miles from the town. The 7 July 2005 Piccadilly Line bomber Germaine Lindsay's home was in Aylesbury at the time of the bombings, though he was originally from Jamaica.
A notable institution is Aylesbury Grammar School, which was founded in 1598; other notable buildings are the King's Head Inn, which with the Fleece Inn at Bretforton is one of the few public houses in the country owned by the National Trust still run as a public house, and the Queens Park Centre, the UK's largest independent arts centre.
Chequers, the country residence of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 1921, is just southeast of Aylesbury.
Modern Aylesbury
The town's population has doubled since the 1960s due to new housing developments, including many London overspill housing estates, built to ease pressure on the capital, and to move people from crowded inner city slums to more favourable locations. Indeed Aylesbury, to a greater extent than any English market town, saw substantial areas of its own heart demolished in the 1950s/1960s as 16th - 18th century houses (many in good repair) were pulled down to make way for commercial developments.
Aylesbury's population was expected to increase between 2003 and 2005 with a new housing estate designed to cater for 8000 people on the north side of the town, sandwiched between the A41 (Akeman Street) and the A413, and the expansion of Fairford Leys village.
Housing estates in the modern Aylesbury include: Bedgrove, Broughton, Elm Farm, Elmhurst, Fairford Leys, Haydon Hill, Meadowcroft, Prebendal Farm, Quarrendon, Southcourt, Stoke Grange, Walton Court and Watermead. Aylesbury has also been extended to completely surround the former hamlets or farms at Bedgrove, Broughton, California, New Zealand, Prebendal Farm, Quarrendon, Turnfurlong and Walton. If plans to increase the size of the town by 20,000 people go ahead, suburban Aylesbury could well meet up with the neighbouring villages of Bierton, Hartwell, Stoke Mandeville, Stone and Weston Turville.
The town centre is swamped with pubs and bars, and Friday and Saturday nights are very lively. There are some nightclubs as well which contribute to Aylesburys busy nightlife. During the 1980's and 90's the town developed a reputation for drunken violence and rival gang fights. This reputation has continued with even a television programme focusing on the rowdy nightlife in the town.
The local newspaper is The Bucks Herald. The local radio station is Mix 96.
One of the more prominent buildings in Aylesbury is the "Blue Leanie" office block, home to Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS). When first built it was thought to be a potential hazard to passing motorists, due to the sun reflecting off its large mirrored surface. As a result a line of trees was planted alongside the main road to prevent dazzling.
The town is served by Aylesbury railway station, which is the present terminus of passenger services from London Marylebone.
In recent years Aylesbury has had a lot of bad press, with several murders, a racial riot and being home to Germaine Lindsay, one of the suicide bombers behind the 7 July 2005 London bombings.
Architecture
The architecture of Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire, reflects that which can be found in many small towns the length and breadth of England. The architecture contained in many of the country's great cities is well recorded and documented, as is that of the numerous great country houses. Frequently the work is by one of England's more notable architects - Christopher Wren, John Vanbrugh, Robert Adam, William Kent or even Quinlan Terry. What is less well known is the local almost vernacular architecture in the market towns, often inspired by the work of the great master architects or the general architectural style popular at the time. England had a middle class long before many other European countries, these bourgeois merchants would often return from a visit to one of the cities, or having seen a glimpse of one of the great country houses then require a replica of what they had seen. A local architect would then be employed to recreate it, within limited financial restraints. Sometimes the patron would merely draw an image of what he required and a builder would then interpret the requirements to the best of his often limited ability.
Education
Aylesbury is home to three grammar schools and three community upper schools and a host of primary schools. The secondary schools are:
- Aylesbury Grammar School (boys only)
- Aylesbury High School (girls only)
- The Grange School
- Mandeville Upper School
- Quarrendon Upper School
- Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School
There are also the following special schools, that teach secondary school age children with learning disabilities:
The Aylesbury Vale Secondary Support Centre[1] is a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU), which caters for permanently excluded students.
Administration
Aylesbury Town Council is the parish council for the town. In 2006, it comprises of 23 councillors all of which are members of the Liberal Democrats political party. The council represents only the constituents of Aylesbury town itself. Surrounding villages and some recent developments on the outskirts of Aylesbury like Fairford Leys & Watermead have their own parish council.
The Town Council are in a process of discussions to take over responsibility for some public services from Aylesbury Vale District Council.
Trade and industry
Traditionally the town was a commercial centre with a market dating back to the Saxon period. This is because it was established on the main Akeman Street which became an established trade route linking London to the southwest. In 1180 a gaol was established in the town (it is still there though has moved locations two or three times) which only really happened in main towns across the country.
By 1477 flour was being ground in the town for surrounding parishes. By the modern period this had grown into a huge established industry: the last mill in Aylesbury was closed in the 1970s. By 1560 the manufacture of needles had become a large industry in Long Crendon, a village close to Aylesbury, which was an important production centre.
In 1672 poor children in Buckinghamshire were taught to make lace as a way to make a living. Bucks lace as it became known quickly became very sought after and production boomed as the lace was mainly made by poor women and children. The lace-making industry had died out by Victorian times, however, as new machine-made lace became preferable.
In 1764 Euclid Neale opened his clockmaking workshop in Aylesbury. In the 18th century he was one of the best clock makers in the country.
In 1814 the Aylesbury arm of the Grand Union Canal was opened bringing major industry to the town for the first time.
The railway came to Aylesbury in 1839 when the Aylesbury Railway opened from Cheddington on Robert Stephenson's London and Birmingham Railway. The Wycombe Railway arrived via Princes Risborough on 1st October 1863, and on 23rd September 1868 the Aylesbury and Buckingham Railway was opened from Verney Junction, to make an end-on junction with the Wycombe Railway. The Metropolitan Railway from Baker Street arrived via Amersham in 1892. The Aylesbury Railway closed in 1953, and there are now no regular passenger services north of Aylesbury. The other lines from London remain in service and are heavily used.
A rail scheme is proposed[2] to extend passenger services northwestwards to a new station — Aylesbury North Parkway — sited on the present freight-only line towards Quainton at the point where the line crosses the A41 near Berryfields Farm. This area is to be known as the Berryfields Major Development Area, and will include Park and Ride facilities for Aylesbury. A further expansion of rail services to Bletchley and Bedford is suggested in a consultants' report[3] written to provide regional planning guidance to Bucks County Council concerning the development of Aylesbury Vale.
By the late 19th century the printers and bookbinders Hazell, Watson and Viney and the Nestlé dairy were the two main employers in the town, employing more than half the total population.
Today the town is still a major commercial centre and the market still meets on the cobbles of the old Market Square four days a week. Nestle and Hazell, Watson and Viney have both gone, though three major industrial centres make sure the town has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country.
Cycling Demonstration town
The town has recently won £1million funding to be one of six Cycling Demonstration towns in England. This allows Buckinghamshire County Council to promote the use of cycling amongst the general public, as well as provide facilities for cyclists, such as bike lockers, bike stands as well as Tiger and Toucan road crossings.
Geography
Aylesbury is located at 51°50′00″N 00°50′00″W / 51.83333°N 0.83333°W (51.8333, -0.8333)1.
Twin towns
Aylesbury is twinned with:
Places of interest
Trivia
- The scene in the opening of the film A Clockwork Orange when the droogs beat up the elderly Irish man was filmed in Aylesbury, in the underpass linking Friars Square Shopping Centre with the railway station. Although it had a massive facelift and restructure in the 1990s (when most of Friars Square was rebuilt) the underpass is still there.[4] Other scenes from the film were shot in Friars Square itself.
- There used to be a club in Aylesbury in the 1970s and 1980s called the Friars Club where a lot of the top bands of the time played. Notable bands such as Genesis, U2, David Bowie, Marillion and The Ramones all played there, to name just a few.
- The band Marillion originally formed here, with the band's first single, 1982's Market Square Heroes taking its title inspiration from Aylesbury Market Square.