Athénée de Luxembourg: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 49°36′15″N 06°06′39″E / 49.60417°N 6.11083°E / 49.60417; 6.11083
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{{more footnotes|date=May 2014}}
{{more footnotes|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox school
{{Infobox school
| name = Athénée de Luxembourg
| name = Athénée de Luxembourg
| image = Athénée Lux 1 Dez 07.jpg
| image = Athénée Lux 1 Dez 07.jpg
| type = [[State school]]
| type = [[State school]]
| established = {{start date and age|1603}}
| established = {{start date and age|1603}}
| founder = [[Jesuit Order]]
| founder = [[Jesuit Order]]
| motto = "Innovation comme tradition" "Vivat, crescat, floreat"
| motto = "Innovation comme tradition" "Vivat, crescat, floreat"
| motto_translation = "Innovation is our Tradition" "Vivat, crescat, floreat"
| motto_translation = "Innovation is our Tradition" "Vivat, crescat, floreat"
| principal = Claude Heiser
| principal = Claude Heiser
| faculty =
| faculty =
| staff =
| staff = 100+
| students =
| students =
| campus_type = [[Campus Geesseknäppchen]]
| campus_type = [[Campus Geesseknäppchen]]
| campus_size = {{convert|0.2|km2|mi2}}
| campus_size = {{convert|0.2|km2|mi2}}
| location = [[Luxembourg City]]
| location = [[Luxembourg City]]
| country = LUX
| country = LUX
| coordinates = {{coord|49|37|12|N|06|01|51|E|}}
| coordinates = 49°36'15.4"N 6°06'39.1"E
| website = {{URL|www.al.lu}}
| yearbook = D'Buch
| website = {{URL|www.al.lu}}
⚫
}}
}}<mapframe latitude="49.599029" longitude="6.123934" zoom="5" width="200" height="100">

{
⚫
The '''Athénée de Luxembourg''' ({{lang-en|Luxembourg Athenaeum}}), is a [[high school]] situated in [[Luxembourg City]], in southern [[Luxembourg]]. Throughout the school's history of more than 400 years, the name was changed repeatedly. It's nowadays commonly called '''Stater Kolléisch''' or '''De Kolléisch''', and is the nation's oldest school still in existence.
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</mapframe>The '''Athénée de Luxembourg''' ({{lang-en|Luxembourg Athenaeum}}), is a [[high school]] situated in [[Luxembourg City]], in southern [[Luxembourg]]. Throughout the school's history of more than 400 years, its name was changed repeatedly. It is nowadays popularly known as the '''Stater Kolléisch''' or '''De Kolléisch''', and is the nation's oldest school still in existence.


==History==
==History==


===Jesuit Origins===
===Jesuit origins===
On 15 May 1585, [[Pope Sixtus V]] signed a [[Papal bull]] granting the [[Jesuit Order]] the right to establish a school in Luxembourg.<ref>400 Joer Kolléisch (éditions saint-paul, 2003) Vol. I : Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 p.66</ref> The school was eventually founded in 1603 by the [[Jesuit Order]],<ref>400 Joer Kolléisch (éditions saint-paul, 2003) Vol. I : Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 p.83</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref> and was located next to the [[Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg|Notre Dame Cathedral]], in the [[Ville Haute]] quarter. It was modeled after the Jesuit school in [[Trier]]. The school flourished and in 1684 it was expanded.<ref>400 Joer Kolléisch (éditions saint-paul, 2003) Vol. I : Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 p.84</ref> After the [[Suppression of the Society of Jesus]] by [[Pope Clement XIV]] in 1773, the school was renamed as the ''Collège royal'',<ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref> and was put under auspices of the clergy. Furthermore, the school's curriculum was reformed and expanded.
On 15 May 1585, [[Pope Sixtus V]] signed a [[Papal bull]] granting the [[Jesuit Order]] the right to establish a school in Luxembourg.<ref>''400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815'' (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003), p.66</ref> The school was eventually founded in 1603 by the [[Jesuit Order]],<ref>''400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815'' (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003), p.83</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref> and was located next to the [[Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg|Notre Dame Cathedral]], in the [[Ville Haute]] quarter. It was modelled on the Jesuit school in [[Trier]]. The school flourished and in 1684 it was expanded.<ref>''400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815'' (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003), p.84</ref> After the [[Suppression of the Society of Jesus]] by [[Pope Clement XIV]] in 1773, the school was renamed the ''Collège royal'',<ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref> and was put under auspices of the clergy. Furthermore, the school's curriculum was reformed and expanded.


===[[Secularization]]===
===Secularization===
[[Image:Athénée Lux 1828.jpg|thumb|The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828]]
[[Image:Athénée Lux 1828.jpg|thumb|The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828]]
In the course of the [[French Revolution]] and the political changes that followed, notably the Napoleon Regime, the school was reorganized according to French educational systems and renamed several times: ''École centrale'' (1795-1802), ''École Secondaire'' (1802-1808), ''Collège municipal'' (1808-1817).
In the course of the [[French Revolution]] and the political changes that followed (notably the [[Napoleon|Napoleonic]] regime), the school was reorganized along French educational lines and renamed several times: ''École centrale'' (1795-1802), ''École Secondaire'' (1802-1808), and ''Collège municipal'' (1808-1817).
In 1817, the school was renamed "Athénée royal grand-ducal". To commemorate this event, a [[chronogram]] ''ATHENAE'''VM''' S'''I'''T '''LVC'''E'''L'''B'''V'''RG'''I D'''E'''C'''OR'' (=1817) was placed on the backside of a portal at the school's old premises.
In 1817, the school was renamed "Athénée royal grand-ducal". To commemorate this event, a [[chronogram]] ''ATHENAE'''VM''' S'''I'''T '''LVC'''E'''L'''B'''V'''RG'''I D'''E'''C'''OR'' (=1817) was placed on the backside of a portal at the school's old premises.
In the course of the 19th century, the curriculum was expanded and modernized.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref>
In the course of the 19th century, the curriculum was expanded and modernized.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref>


===[[Second World War]]===
===Second World War===
When Luxembourg was [[German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II|occupied by Nazi forces in World War II]] in 1940, the school was forcibly Germanized, renamed as ''Gymnasium mit Oberschule für Jungen'', and the French language was forbidden. These policies were met with considerable resistance. Infamously, when the Germans dismantled the [[Gëlle Fra]] memorial, several hundred of the school's students protested. Two Professors and 76 students of the Athénéé lost their lives during the war.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref>
When Luxembourg was [[German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II|occupied by Nazi forces in World War II]] in 1940, the school was forcibly Germanized, renamed the ''Gymnasium mit Oberschule für Jungen'', and the French language was forbidden. These policies were met with considerable resistance. Infamously, when the Germans dismantled the [[Gëlle Fra]] memorial, several hundred of the school's students protested. Two professors and 76 students of the Athénéé lost their lives during the war.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Historique|url = http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|website = al.lu|access-date = 2015-12-12|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114043/http://al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al|archive-date = 2015-12-22|url-status = dead}}</ref>


===Post-World War II: A New Building===
===Post-World War II: A New Building===


After the Second World War, the school's premises became too small, and the school was relocated in 1964 to the [[Hollerich]] quarter, in the south-west of the city. Since the Athénée moved to this location, other schools have moved to the site as well, creating [[Campus Geesseknäppchen]], just to the north of the terminus of the [[A4 road (Luxembourg)|A4]] motorway. The old site of the city Athenaeum was host to the [[Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg|National Library]] until October 2019, date at which the library moved to Kirchberg (Luxembourg -City).
After the Second World War, the school's premises became too small, and the school was relocated in 1964 to the [[Hollerich]] quarter, in the south-west of the city. Since the Athénée moved to this location, other schools have moved to the site as well, creating the school’s [[Campus Geesseknäppchen]], just north of the terminus of the [[A4 road (Luxembourg)|A4]] motorway. The old site of the city Athenaeum was host to the [[Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg|National Library]] until October 2019, when the library moved to [[Kirchberg, Luxembourg|Kirchberg]] (in [[Luxembourg City]]).


===21st century===
===21st century===
In 2003, the school celebrated its 400th anniversary with a series of events and the publication of a four-volume study of the school's rich history. The school's official motto is 'Tradition & Innovation', a phrase that the reflects the institution's continuous emphasis on scholarly excellence, the respect of humanist traditions and the desire to stay innovative.
In 2003, the school celebrated its 400th anniversary with a series of events and the publication of a four-volume study of the school's rich history. The school's official motto is 'Tradition & Innovation', a phrase that the reflects the institution's continuous emphasis on scholarly excellence, the respect of [[Humanism|humanist]] traditions and the desire to stay innovative.


Since 2007, Joseph Salentiny is the principal of the 'Athénée de Luxembourg'. Since 2012, temporary buildings were built in the school's court to accommodate the students while the existing premises are undergoing renovation works. The renovations cost 89 million euros, and was completed in late 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wort.lu/de/lokales/89-millionen-euro-fuer-athenee-renovierung-4f61b21ae4b0860580a9c185|title = 89 Millionen Euro für Athénée-Renovierung|date = 7 January 2012}}</ref><ref>http://www.wort.lu/en/luxembourg/luxembourg-city-sneak-peek-inside-newly-renovated-athenee-lycee-586f7d0653590682caf175f0</ref>
Since 2007, Joseph Salentiny has served as the Athénée’s principal. In 2012, temporary buildings were built in the school's court to accommodate the students while the existing premises underwent renovation. The renovations cost 89 million euros, and were completed in late 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wort.lu/de/lokales/89-millionen-euro-fuer-athenee-renovierung-4f61b21ae4b0860580a9c185|title = 89 Millionen Euro für Athénée-Renovierung|date = 7 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wort.lu/en/luxembourg/luxembourg-city-sneak-peek-inside-newly-renovated-athenee-lycee-586f7d0653590682caf175f0 |title=Luxemburger Wort - Sneak peek inside newly renovated Athénée lycée |website=www.wort.lu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107161519/http://www.wort.lu/en/luxembourg/luxembourg-city-sneak-peek-inside-newly-renovated-athenee-lycee-586f7d0653590682caf175f0 |archive-date=2017-01-07}} </ref>


==Academic aspects==
==Academic aspects==
Athénée de Luxembourg is an academic institution that achieves very competitive public exam results. In 2015, the final exam results and the passing rate were higher than the national average. In that year, 235 students presented themselves to the exams.<ref>http://www.al.lu data retrieved from the website on 5 August 2015</ref>
The Athénée de Luxembourg is an academic institution that achieves very competitive public exam results. In 2015, the final exam results and the passing rate were higher than the national average. In that year, 235 students presented themselves to the exams.<ref>http://www.al.lu data retrieved from the website on 5 August 2015</ref>


{| border="1"
{| border="1"
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===International Baccalaureate===
===International Baccalaureate===
In 2010, the Athénée de Luxembourg gained the status of an ''IB World School'', and henceforth, includes an ''[[International Baccalaureate]]'' program.<ref>[http://www.al.lu/international.html International classes at the Athénée] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209124829/http://www.al.lu/international.html |date=December 9, 2011 }}</ref>
In 2010, the Athénée de Luxembourg gained the status of an [[International Baccalaureate|IB]] World School, and henceforth, offers the ''[[International Baccalaureate]]'' as one of its programmes.<ref>[http://www.al.lu/international.html International classes at the Athénée] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209124829/http://www.al.lu/international.html |date=December 9, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Athénée de Luxembourg|url = http://www.ibo.org/en/school/004161|website = International Baccalaureate®|access-date = 2015-12-12}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|title = Athénée de Luxembourg|url = http://www.ibo.org/en/school/004161|website = International Baccalaureate®|access-date = 2015-12-12}}</ref> The school offers preparatory grades and the option to study for the [[IB Diploma Programme]]''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=International classes |url=https://www.al.lu/fr/international-classes/welcome |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=www.al.lu}}</ref>


===The school's charter===
===The school's charter===
The school adopted a charter outlining its educational guidelines and principles. The sharer is built on the principle of "a good possession for all time", a quote borrowed from [[Thucydides]].<ref>http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/al-charte {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401222115/http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/al-charte |date=2016-04-01 }} Charte du Kolléisch</ref> The charter consists of twelve principles:
The school adopted a charter outlining its educational guidelines and principles. The charter is built on the principle of "a good possession for all time", a quote borrowed from [[Thucydides]].<ref>http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/al-charte {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401222115/http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/al-charte |date=2016-04-01 }} Charte du Kolléisch</ref> The charter consists of twelve principles:
* Humanism and world openness
* Humanism and world openness
* A critical and scientific mind
* A critical and scientific mind
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===Kolléisch in Concert===
===Kolléisch in Concert===
''Kolléisch in Concert'' is a series of concerts that have been organised at the school since 1981. Each year, the concerts take place before the Easter Holidays. The music is primarily performed by the students of the ''F Section (music)''.
''Kolléisch in Concert'' is a series of concerts that have been organised at the school since 1981. Each year, the concerts take place before the Easter Holidays. The music is primarily performed by the students of the ''F Section (music)''. There is normally a musical, an orchestra and a dance that takes place in the ''Kolléisch in Concert.'' The ''Kolléisch in Concert'' is often shortened to the name 'KIC' and normally take place at the [[Conservatoire de Luxembourg|Conservatoire of Luxembourg]]. Students from year 7 to year 13 are welcome to join.


===annALes de l'Athénée de Luxembourg===
===annALes de l'Athénée de Luxembourg===
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===Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK)===
===Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK)===
''Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK)'' (First Aid Team of the Athénée) is a first aid group run by students of the school. The EHTK was founded in 1998, and in collaboration with the Luxembourgish [[Red Cross]], first aid courses are offered to students. The EHTK works on health and safety aspects within the school community. In 2015, [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Prince Guillaume]] handed the Luxembourgish Youth Award (''Prix du Mérite Jeunesse'') to the EHTK. Other schools in Luxembourg have emulated the EHTK project.
''Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK)'' (First Aid Team of the Athénée) is a first aid group run by students of the school. The EHTK was founded in 1998, and in collaboration with the Luxembourgish [[Red Cross]], first aid courses are offered to students. The EHTK works on health and safety aspects within the school community. In 2015, [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Prince Guillaume]] handed the Luxembourgish Youth Award (''Prix du Mérite Jeunesse'') to the EHTK. Other schools in Luxembourg have emulated the EHTK project. The EHTK keeps an infirmary at the Athénée where if students have a minor sickness or injury, they may visit.


===Latein auf Stein===
===Latein auf Stein===
The "Latein auf Stein" (lit: Latin on Stone) is a project that aims to register and interpret all Latin inscriptions and chronograms in Luxembourg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al.lu/latin/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-09-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209125026/http://www.al.lu/latin/ |archive-date=2011-12-09 }} Website of the "Latein auf Stein" project</ref> Several schools in Germany have similar projects.
The "Latein auf Stein" (lit: Latin on Stone) is a project that aims to register and interpret all Latin inscriptions and chronograms in Luxembourg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al.lu/latin/ |title=Latein auf Stein - Athénée de Luxembourg |access-date=2015-09-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209125026/http://www.al.lu/latin/ |archive-date=2011-12-09 }} Website of the "Latein auf Stein" project</ref> Several schools in Germany have similar projects.


==Notable alumni==
==Notable alumni==
{{See also|Category:Alumni of the Athénée de Luxembourg}}
{{See also|Category:Alumni of the Athénée de Luxembourg}}
The Athénée has a long list of distinguished alumni, including eight Prime Ministers of Luxembourg, one Prime Minister of Belgium and one Prime Minister of France. Former pupils include:
The Athénée has a long list of distinguished alumni, including eight Prime Ministers of Luxembourg, one Prime Minister of Belgium and one Prime Minister of France and many famous industrialists and politicians from Luxembourg. Former pupils include:


* [[Jean Asselborn]], [[Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg|Deputy Prime Minister]] and [[Minister for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg|Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration]].
* [[Jean Asselborn]], [[Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg|Deputy Prime Minister]] and [[Minister for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg|Minister for Foreign Affairs and Immigration]].
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* [[Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine]], [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg]].
* [[Gaspard-Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine]], [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg]].
* [[Johannes Olav Fallize|Jean-Bapiste Fallize]], first [[Vicar Apostolic]] of [[Norway]].
* [[Johannes Olav Fallize|Jean-Bapiste Fallize]], first [[Vicar Apostolic]] of [[Norway]].
* [[Luc Frieden]], Luxembourgian [[List of Ministers for Justice of Luxembourg|Minister of Justice]].
* [[Luc Frieden]], [[List of prime ministers of Luxembourg|Prime Minister of Luxembourg]]
* [[Pierre Frieden]], [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg]].
* [[Pierre Frieden]], [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg]].
* [[Michel Goedert]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[FMedSci]], [[neuroscientist]].
* [[Joseph Gredt]], Benedictine philosopher-scientist, professor in [[Rome]].
* [[Paul Gredt]], engineer, inventor and industrialist with many connections abroad.
* [[Anne Kremer]], tennis player.
* [[Anne Kremer]], tennis player.
* [[William Justin Kroll]], metallurgist and inventor of the [[Kroll process]].
* [[William Justin Kroll]], metallurgist and inventor of the [[Kroll process]].
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*[[Léon Bollendorff]], philologist and [[President of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|President]] of [[Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|Chamber of Deputies]].
*[[Léon Bollendorff]], philologist and [[President of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|President]] of [[Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|Chamber of Deputies]].
*[[Michel Engels]], painter.
*[[Michel Engels]], painter.
*[[François-Xavier de Feller]], author.
*[[François-Xavier de Feller]], Jesuit, author & newspaper editor.
*[[Jean-Baptiste Fresez]], painter.
*[[Jean-Baptiste Fresez]], painter.
*[[Joseph Kohnen]], writer.
*[[Joseph Kohnen]], writer.
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==School principals==
==School principals==
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
{{col-begin}}
* 1603 - 1608 : Théodore Othon Becanus
* 1603 - 1608 : Théodore Othon Becanus
* 1608 - 1609 : Zachéé Ribecius
* 1608 - 1609 : Zachéé Ribecius
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* 2007 - 2018 : Joseph Salentiny
* 2007 - 2018 : Joseph Salentiny
* 2018 - present time : Claude Heiser
* 2018 - present time : Claude Heiser
{{col-end}}
}}
}}
<ref>400 Joer Kolléisch (éditions saint-paul, 2003) Vol. I : Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 p.149</ref>
<ref>''400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815'' (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003) p.149</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
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==Literature==
==Literature==
*''400 Joer Kolléisch'' (éditions saint-paul, 2003) (a comprehensive history in four volumes, written in French).
*''400 Joer Kolléisch'' (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003) (a comprehensive history in four volumes, written in French).
** Vol. I : ''Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815'' (287 pp.)
** Vol. I : ''Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815'' (287 pp.)
** Vol. II : ''L'Athénée et ses grands Anciens 1815-1993.'' (477 pp.)
** Vol. II : ''L'Athénée et ses grands Anciens 1815-1993.'' (477 pp.)
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** Vol. IV : ''Hommage à l'Athénée.'' (314 pp.)
** Vol. IV : ''Hommage à l'Athénée.'' (314 pp.)
* [[Edouard Marc Kayser|Edouard Kayser]] : ''Les directeurs de l'Athénée depuis 1817 - Notices biographiques''; in : ''De Kolléisch 2017''; vol. I/II; Luxembourg (Publications de l'Athénée & Print Solutions, Luxembourg), 2018.
* [[Edouard Marc Kayser|Edouard Kayser]] : ''Les directeurs de l'Athénée depuis 1817 - Notices biographiques''; in : ''De Kolléisch 2017''; vol. I/II; Luxembourg (Publications de l'Athénée & Print Solutions, Luxembourg), 2018.
* Diederich, Paul: Athenäum 1932 - 1946, Wohnort und Schule (Association des Anciens de l'Athénée, 2001).
* Diederich, Paul: ''Athenäum 1932 - 1946, Wohnort und Schule'' (Association des Anciens de l'Athénée, 2001).
* Métamorphoses de l'Athénée, 1603 - 1989 (Luxembourg, 1989).
* ''Métamorphoses de l'Athénée, 1603 - 1989'' (Luxembourg, 1989).
* Association des Anciens de l'Athénée: ''Kolléisch's Jongen am Krich'', Luxembourg, November 2011, 570 p. {{ISBN|978-99959-729-0-5}}
* Association des Anciens de l'Athénée: ''Kolléisch's Jongen am Krich'', Luxembourg, November 2011, 570 p. {{ISBN|978-99959-729-0-5}}
* [[Emile Haag|Haag, Emile]]: ''Les jésuites et leur collège: renforcement de l'identité catholique entre 1603 et 1773'' (pp 180–193); Luxembourg (Éditions Guy Binsfeld), 2011; 576 pages (ill.); {{ISBN|978-2-87954-235-5}}
* [[Emile Haag|Haag, Emile]]: ''Les jésuites et leur collège: renforcement de l'identité catholique entre 1603 et 1773'' (pp 180–193); Luxembourg (Éditions Guy Binsfeld), 2011; 576 pages (ill.); {{ISBN|978-2-87954-235-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Trausch |first=Gérard |title=L'Athénée de Luxembourg et le régime néerlandais 1815-1830/39 |date=1 April 2005 |url=https://persist.lu/ark:70795/dk6zn07nz/pages/7/articles/DTL903 |work=Hémecht |volume=57 |issue=2 |access-date=30 October 2023 |language=fr}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.al.lu Athénée de Luxembourg official website]
* [http://www.al.lu Athénée de Luxembourg official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150223155944/http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al The school's history (in French)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150223155944/http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/historique-al The school's history (in French)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150224001718/http://www.al.lu/index.php/anciens Association des Anciens de l'Athénée (Alumni Association)]
* [http://anciens-athenee.lu/ Associations d'Anciens de l'Athénée]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150810075341/http://www.ehtk.lu/ Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK) official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150810075341/http://www.ehtk.lu/ Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK) official website]


Latest revision as of 19:14, 5 March 2024

Athénée de Luxembourg
Location
Luxembourg City

Luxembourg
Coordinates49°36'15.4"N 6°06'39.1"E
Information
TypeState school
Motto"Innovation comme tradition" "Vivat, crescat, floreat"
("Innovation is our Tradition" "Vivat, crescat, floreat")
Established1603; 421 years ago (1603)
FounderJesuit Order
PrincipalClaude Heiser
Staff100+
Campus size0.2 square kilometres (0.077 sq mi)
Campus typeCampus Geesseknäppchen
YearbookD'Buch
Websitewww.al.lu
Map

The Athénée de Luxembourg (English: Luxembourg Athenaeum), is a high school situated in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. Throughout the school's history of more than 400 years, its name was changed repeatedly. It is nowadays popularly known as the Stater Kolléisch or De Kolléisch, and is the nation's oldest school still in existence.

History[edit]

Jesuit origins[edit]

On 15 May 1585, Pope Sixtus V signed a Papal bull granting the Jesuit Order the right to establish a school in Luxembourg.[1] The school was eventually founded in 1603 by the Jesuit Order,[2][3] and was located next to the Notre Dame Cathedral, in the Ville Haute quarter. It was modelled on the Jesuit school in Trier. The school flourished and in 1684 it was expanded.[4] After the Suppression of the Society of Jesus by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, the school was renamed the Collège royal,[5] and was put under auspices of the clergy. Furthermore, the school's curriculum was reformed and expanded.

Secularization[edit]

The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828

In the course of the French Revolution and the political changes that followed (notably the Napoleonic regime), the school was reorganized along French educational lines and renamed several times: École centrale (1795-1802), École Secondaire (1802-1808), and Collège municipal (1808-1817). In 1817, the school was renamed "Athénée royal grand-ducal". To commemorate this event, a chronogram ATHENAEVM SIT LVCELBVRGI DECOR (=1817) was placed on the backside of a portal at the school's old premises. In the course of the 19th century, the curriculum was expanded and modernized.[6]

Second World War[edit]

When Luxembourg was occupied by Nazi forces in World War II in 1940, the school was forcibly Germanized, renamed the Gymnasium mit Oberschule für Jungen, and the French language was forbidden. These policies were met with considerable resistance. Infamously, when the Germans dismantled the Gëlle Fra memorial, several hundred of the school's students protested. Two professors and 76 students of the Athénéé lost their lives during the war.[7]

Post-World War II: A New Building[edit]

After the Second World War, the school's premises became too small, and the school was relocated in 1964 to the Hollerich quarter, in the south-west of the city. Since the Athénée moved to this location, other schools have moved to the site as well, creating the school’s Campus Geesseknäppchen, just north of the terminus of the A4 motorway. The old site of the city Athenaeum was host to the National Library until October 2019, when the library moved to Kirchberg (in Luxembourg City).

21st century[edit]

In 2003, the school celebrated its 400th anniversary with a series of events and the publication of a four-volume study of the school's rich history. The school's official motto is 'Tradition & Innovation', a phrase that the reflects the institution's continuous emphasis on scholarly excellence, the respect of humanist traditions and the desire to stay innovative.

Since 2007, Joseph Salentiny has served as the Athénée’s principal. In 2012, temporary buildings were built in the school's court to accommodate the students while the existing premises underwent renovation. The renovations cost 89 million euros, and were completed in late 2016.[8][9]

Academic aspects[edit]

The Athénée de Luxembourg is an academic institution that achieves very competitive public exam results. In 2015, the final exam results and the passing rate were higher than the national average. In that year, 235 students presented themselves to the exams.[10]

Exam Results in 2015 [11])
Type of Result Athénéé Nationwide
Total number of pupils that passed 205 (87,3%) 80,0%
Resits 23 (9,8%) 14,0%
Failure 7 (2,9%) 5,9%
Grade «Excellent» 23 (9,8%) 86 (4,5%)
Grade «Very Good» 26 (11,1%) 154 (8,1%)
Grade «Good» 115 (49,0%) 720 (37,9%)
Grade «Good Enough» 30 (12,8%) 360 (18,9%)

International Baccalaureate[edit]

In 2010, the Athénée de Luxembourg gained the status of an IB World School, and henceforth, offers the International Baccalaureate as one of its programmes.[12] [13] The school offers preparatory grades and the option to study for the IB Diploma Programme.[14]

The school's charter[edit]

The school adopted a charter outlining its educational guidelines and principles. The charter is built on the principle of "a good possession for all time", a quote borrowed from Thucydides.[15] The charter consists of twelve principles:

  • Humanism and world openness
  • A critical and scientific mind
  • A taste for performance and joy of living
  • Ambition to succeed and respect for others
  • Competition and solidarity
  • Personal engagement and tolerance
  • Communal conscience and self-fulfillment
  • Responsibility and friendliness
  • Discipline and flexibility
  • Physical balance and intellectual enthusiasm
  • Creativity and endurance
  • Know how and life skills

Extracurricular[edit]

Kolléisch in Concert[edit]

Kolléisch in Concert is a series of concerts that have been organised at the school since 1981. Each year, the concerts take place before the Easter Holidays. The music is primarily performed by the students of the F Section (music). There is normally a musical, an orchestra and a dance that takes place in the Kolléisch in Concert. The Kolléisch in Concert is often shortened to the name 'KIC' and normally take place at the Conservatoire of Luxembourg. Students from year 7 to year 13 are welcome to join.

annALes de l'Athénée de Luxembourg[edit]

annALes de l'Athénée de Luxembourg is an annual publication chronicling that year's events at the school as well as containing essays relating to the schools or its alumni. The series has been published since 2008 and contains articles written in French, German, English and Luxembourgish.[16]

Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK)[edit]

Éischt Hëllef Team Kolléisch (EHTK) (First Aid Team of the Athénée) is a first aid group run by students of the school. The EHTK was founded in 1998, and in collaboration with the Luxembourgish Red Cross, first aid courses are offered to students. The EHTK works on health and safety aspects within the school community. In 2015, Prince Guillaume handed the Luxembourgish Youth Award (Prix du Mérite Jeunesse) to the EHTK. Other schools in Luxembourg have emulated the EHTK project. The EHTK keeps an infirmary at the Athénée where if students have a minor sickness or injury, they may visit.

Latein auf Stein[edit]

The "Latein auf Stein" (lit: Latin on Stone) is a project that aims to register and interpret all Latin inscriptions and chronograms in Luxembourg.[17] Several schools in Germany have similar projects.

Notable alumni[edit]

See also: Category:Alumni of the Athénée de Luxembourg

The Athénée has a long list of distinguished alumni, including eight Prime Ministers of Luxembourg, one Prime Minister of Belgium and one Prime Minister of France and many famous industrialists and politicians from Luxembourg. Former pupils include:

Notable staff members[edit]

School principals[edit]

  • 1603 - 1608 : Théodore Othon Becanus
  • 1608 - 1609 : Zachéé Ribecius
  • 1609 - 1621 : François Aldernardus
  • 1621 - 1624 : Jean Spies
  • 1624 - 1629 : Antoine de Torres
  • 1620 - 1634 : Hubert Wiltheim
  • 1634 - 1636 : Jean Petri
  • 1636 - 1636 : Jean Henri de Nefve
  • 1636 - 1643 : Jean Rutius
  • 1643 - 1646 : Jean de Viron I
  • 1646 - 1650 : François de Steel
  • 1650 - 1653 : Jean-Michel Ludling
  • 1653 - 1656 : Jean de Viron II
  • 1656 - 1659 : Alexandre Wiltheim
  • 1659 - 1662 : Jean-Baptiste de Florbecq
  • 1662 - 1665 : André de Preumonteaux
  • 1665 - 1668 : François Flamen
  • 1668 - 1671 : Guillaume de Waha
  • 1671 - 1675 : Jean Mascault
  • 1675 - 1678 : François Bellegambe
  • 1678 - 1681 : Arnould Cardon
  • 1681 - 1685 : Jacques Pirenne I
  • 1685 - 1688 : Robert d'Assignies
  • 1688 - 1691 : Jacques Pirenne II
  • 1691 - 1694 : Joseph de Hennin
  • 1694 - 1697 : Lucas de Lattre
  • 1697 - 1700 : Pierre Alhoy
  • 1701 - 1704 : Ignace de la Porte
  • 1704 - 1707 : Pierre Forceville
  • 1707 - 1710 : Christophe Locart
  • 1710 - 1714 : Jean Quarré
  • 1714 - 1717 : François Weydert I
  • 1717 - 1720 : Etienne Petit
  • 1720 - 1723 : Pierre Fievet
  • 1724 - 1728 : Ambroise Lefebvre
  • 1728 - 1732 : Anselme Battelet
  • 1732 - 1735 : François Weydert II
  • 1735 - 1738 : Jean de Wallers
  • 1738 - 1742 : Ernest Hubertin
  • 1742 - 1746 : Marc Casteele
  • 1746 - 1749 : Ghislain Barbier I
  • 1749 - 1753 : Henri Colle
  • 1753 - 1756 : Ghislain Barbier II
  • 1756 - 1758 : Hubert Busin
  • 1759 - 1764 : Théodore Helm
  • 1764 - 1767 : Paul Lalieu
  • 1767 - 1769 : Firmin Murat
  • 1769 - 1770 : Nicolas Heinen
  • 1770 - 1773 : Joseph Descornaix
  • 1817 - 1818 : Antoine Hartmann
  • 1818 - 1821 : Jean-Gérard Mazuir
  • 1821 - 1866 : Michel Nicolas Muller
  • 1866 - 1867 : Jean-Pierre Michaelis
  • 1867 - 1869 : Nicolas Gredt
  • 1869 - 1884 : Alexandre de Colnet d'Huart
  • 1885 - 1906 : Nicolas Gredt
  • 1906 - 1917 : Gustave Zahn
  • 1917 - 1931 : François Manternach
  • 1931 - 1947 : Joseph Wagener
  • 1947 - 1957 : Jean-Pierre Stein
  • 1957 - 1970 : Pierre Winter
  • 1970 - 1978 : Joseph Heinen
  • 1978 - 1981 : Joseph Poeker
  • 1981 - 1993 : Henri Folmer
  • 1993 - 2007 : Emile Haag
  • 2007 - 2018 : Joseph Salentiny
  • 2018 - present time : Claude Heiser

[18]

Gallery[edit]

  • 1686 Architectural plan of the Jesuit precursor of present-day Athénée de Luxembourg
    1686 Architectural plan of the Jesuit precursor of present-day Athénée de Luxembourg
  • Architectural plan of the Jesuit college Athénée de Luxembourg and the Jesuit church in the Notre-Dame street.
    Architectural plan of the Jesuit college Athénée de Luxembourg and the Jesuit church in the Notre-Dame street.
  • The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828
    The Athénée de Luxembourg in 1828
  • 1940-1945 Pro Patria Memorial table is dedicated to alumni who lost their lives in World War II.
    1940-1945 Pro Patria Memorial table is dedicated to alumni who lost their lives in World War II.

Literature[edit]

  • 400 Joer Kolléisch (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003) (a comprehensive history in four volumes, written in French).
    • Vol. I  : Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 (287 pp.)
    • Vol. II : L'Athénée et ses grands Anciens 1815-1993. (477 pp.)
    • Vol. III: L'Athénée aujourd'hui et demain. (269 pp.)
    • Vol. IV : Hommage à l'Athénée. (314 pp.)
  • Edouard Kayser : Les directeurs de l'Athénée depuis 1817 - Notices biographiques; in : De Kolléisch 2017; vol. I/II; Luxembourg (Publications de l'Athénée & Print Solutions, Luxembourg), 2018.
  • Diederich, Paul: Athenäum 1932 - 1946, Wohnort und Schule (Association des Anciens de l'Athénée, 2001).
  • Métamorphoses de l'Athénée, 1603 - 1989 (Luxembourg, 1989).
  • Association des Anciens de l'Athénée: Kolléisch's Jongen am Krich, Luxembourg, November 2011, 570 p. ISBN 978-99959-729-0-5
  • Haag, Emile: Les jésuites et leur collège: renforcement de l'identité catholique entre 1603 et 1773 (pp 180–193); Luxembourg (Éditions Guy Binsfeld), 2011; 576 pages (ill.); ISBN 978-2-87954-235-5
  • Trausch, Gérard (1 April 2005), "L'Athénée de Luxembourg et le régime néerlandais 1815-1830/39", Hémecht (in French), vol. 57, no. 2, retrieved 30 October 2023

External links[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003), p.66
  2. ^ 400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003), p.83
  3. ^ "Historique". al.lu. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  4. ^ 400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003), p.84
  5. ^ "Historique". al.lu. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  6. ^ "Historique". al.lu. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  7. ^ "Historique". al.lu. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  8. ^ "89 Millionen Euro für Athénée-Renovierung". 7 January 2012.
  9. ^ "Luxemburger Wort - Sneak peek inside newly renovated Athénée lycée". www.wort.lu. Archived from the original on 2017-01-07.
  10. ^ http://www.al.lu data retrieved from the website on 5 August 2015
  11. ^ http://www.al.lu data retrieved from the website on 5 August 2015
  12. ^ International classes at the Athénée Archived December 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Athénée de Luxembourg". International Baccalaureate®. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  14. ^ "International classes". www.al.lu. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  15. ^ http://www.al.lu/index.php/presentation-generale-al/al-charte Archived 2016-04-01 at the Wayback Machine Charte du Kolléisch
  16. ^ "AnnALes". www.al.lu. Archived from the original on 2015-11-24. Retrieved 2015-12-12.
  17. ^ "Latein auf Stein - Athénée de Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2011-12-09. Retrieved 2015-09-01. Website of the "Latein auf Stein" project
  18. ^ 400 Joer Kolléisch, Vol. I: Du Collège des Jésuites au Collège Municipal 1603-1815 (Éditions Saint-Paul, 2003) p.149
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49°36′15″N 06°06′39″E / 49.60417°N 6.11083°E / 49.60417; 6.11083

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