Lex Luthor

Lex Luthor
File:Bright luthor.png Lex Luthor, from Superman Birthright #5. Art by Leinil Francis Yu.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Historical: Action Comics #23 (May, 1940) Modern: The Man of Steel #4 (1986)
Created by	Jerry Siegel Joe Shuster
In-story information
Full name	Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor
Team affiliations	LexCorp Injustice Gang Injustice League Executive branch of the United States government Secret Six
Notable aliases	Mockingbird
Abilities	Genius level intellect Ruthless Machiavellian Access to advanced technology Vast wealth and resources Average hand-to-hand combat Superhuman strength, speed, stamina, invulnerability, super hearing, multiple extrasensory and vision powers, and regeneration

Lex Luthor is a fictional DC Comics supervillain. Created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster as a Superman villain, Luthor first appeared in Action Comics #23 (1940).

Luthor has been Superman's archenemy for most of the superhero's existence, having been envisioned as his dual opposite, morally depraved and relying on intellect over strength. Rather than harnessing his genius for good, Luthor seizes power for his own benefit and is a threat at large. Though originally portrayed as a rogue scientist, he was later rewritten as a Machiavellian industrialist and white-collar criminal (even briefly serving as President of the United States). Later characterizations have shown elements of both interpretations.

Luthor is one of several Superman characters with the initials "LL" (others include Lois Lane, Lana Lang, and Lori Lemaris). Luthor is also notable for having appeared in several adaptations of Superman adventures for other media.

Fictional character history

Alexei Luthor

When Luthor first appeared in 1940 , he was portrayed with a full head of red hair; however, in 1941 Luthor came to be portrayed as completely bald after an artist's mistake in the Superman comic strip. Shuster preferred drawing bald villains anyway, and so following approval from Siegel, the more striking appearance was adopted and became a Luthor trademark. The change may also have been the result of confusion with another villain, the Ultra-Humanite, who was originally a bald scientist.

The origin of Alexei Luthor is unknown; even his nationality is not certain (He was first addressed only as 'Luthor', which is a German surname. 'Alexei', a Russian name, was revealed much later). Using his scientific genius, he attempted to sabotage a European peace conference, but was stopped by Superman. Although he discovered Superman's weakness to kryptonite, Luthor ultimately failed to kill him. When the DC multiverse began to take hold in the 1960s, the red-haired Luthor was stated to be the bald Luthor's counterpart from another dimension, specifically Earth-Two. In his later years, he encountered his Earth-One counterpart, and they each attempted to defeat the other's version of Superman. During the Crisis on Infinite Earths, when Alexei challenged Lex's partnership with Brainiac during the Villain War, Brainiac murdered Alexei to quell the dispute.

Lex Luthor

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The Bronze Age Lex Luthor attacking Superman, from the cover of Superman (Vol. 1) #292, October 1975. Art by Curt Swan.

The original Luthor (who did not have a first name) was one of many pulps-inspired mad scientists who plotted to take over the world, or destroy it, through the use of various diabolical schemes. He donned disguises a few times, but generally he preferred to make himself known to the world as his master plans came to fruition... until he was foiled, time and time again, by the Man of Steel. In 1960 , it was explained that during his youth, Luthor been friends with Superboy, but later blamed him for a laboratory accident that caused his hair to fall out. In trying to exact revenge on the hero, Luthor devolved into a criminal; Over time he became Superman's greatest foe, the antithesis of everything he stood for. Although his plots for world domination were repeatedly dashed, he always managed to get away (or escape from prison) to threaten the world time and again.

While he gained infamy as a rogue scientist on Earth, Luthor also went on to become savior--and then slayer--of the planet Lexor, marrying and siring a son there, both of whom died when Luthor's vendetta against Superman backfired on him (see "Hero of Lexor", below). Taking up Lexorian armor, an embittered Luthor renewed his extensive campaign against Superman, up until the Crisis on Infinite Earths. Following the change in DC continuity, this version of the character was altered to become the familiar, modern-day malevolent businessman.

Luthor's originally stated goals were to kill Superman and to take over Earth as a stepping stone to dominating the universe. In addition to using his technological prowess to trump Superman's abilities, Luthor showed himself to be a master of disguise, adopting all manner of wigs and aliases. Although none of his attempts to kill Superman worked permanently (though one classic non-canonical story from the 1960s entitled The Death of Superman has Luthor finally killing Superman after lulling him by pretending to go straight), Luthor's persistence has made him Superman's most troublesome foe.

Origin

In Adventure Comics #271 in 1960 (written by Jerry Siegel), the Silver Age origin of Luthor is retroactively revealed, along with Luthor finally gaining a first name, "Lex." It was revealed that when Luthor was a teenager, his family moved to Smallville, with Lex becoming a large fan of Superboy. In gratitude and to encourage Lex's scientific pursuits, Superboy built for Lex a fully stocked laboratory. There, Lex began an experiment in creating an artificial new form of life, along with a cure for kryptonite poisoning.

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Part of the Silver Age Luthor's origin, from Adventure Comics #271. Art by Al Plastino.

However, when a fire caught in his lab, Superboy mistakenly used his super-breath to extinguish the flames. This rescue attempt spilled chemicals that caused Luthor to go prematurely bald and destroyed both his kryptonite cure and his artificial life form. Luthor attributed Superboy's actions to jealousy and vowed revenge. First, he tried to show Superboy up with grandiose technological advancements to improve the life of Smallville's residents, which time and again went dangerously out of control and required Superboy's intervention. Unwilling to accept responsibility for these catastrophes, Lex rationalized that Superboy was out to humiliate him, and vowed to spend the rest of his life proving to the world he was Superboy's (and later Superman's) superior by eliminating the hero.

This origin first made Luthor's fight with Superman a personal one, giving him a dimension beyond his previous mad scientist archetype and suggesting that if events had unfolded differently, Luthor might have been a more noble person; these elements were played up in various stories in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in Elliot S. Maggin's text novel Last Son of Krypton.

Hero of Lexor

Though he was a noted villain and an evil mastermind on Earth, Luthor was revered as a hero on the alien world of Lexor, where he used his scientific genius to rediscover the planet's technology and rebuild society for the inhabitants. Luthor used the planet as a base for his operations to strike against Superman. It was during one such battle that an energy salvo from Lex's battlesuit accidentally overloaded the "Neutrarod", a device Lex had put in place as a means to counter Lexor's geological instability. This led to the destruction of the planet, killing all of the inhabitants, including Lex's wife and son there. Superman initially assumed Lex had also been killed in the blast, but this was due to his unfamiliarity with the rugged design of Lex's battlesuit. Lex eventually returned to Earth, unable to accept his own role in Lexor's destruction and blaming Superman for it.

Final Appearances

The Silver/Bronze Age Luthor's final acts prior to his elimination from DC Comics canon due to the events of the landmark series Crisis on Infinite Earths were to ally with fellow Superman foe Brainiac during Crisis in order to recruit an army of super-villains spanning the DC Multiverse, taking advantage of the confusion caused by the Crisis for their own benefit. However, once it became clear that it was as much in their interests to save the multiverse as anyone else, Luthor and Brainiac reluctantly allied their faction with the Multiverse's heroes. The Silver/Bronze Age Luthor was involved in a battle on Maltus with other super-villains to prevent Krona from starting the experiment which created the multiverse in the first place (and in turn spawned the Anti-Monitor); instead, reality was altered so that the different universes fell into their proper place, converging into one. Afterwards, Luthor would be returned to prison with all his memories of the alliance forgotten. Luthor would remain a foe of Superman until DC Comics' continuity was retconned following the Crisis.

Superman himself acknowledged that the Silver Age Luthor was a man of his word who would honor promises he made. Lex is a man who prefers to follow his own personal code; on occasion, he came to the aid of innocents even when doing so would lead to his capture and inevitable return to prison. Shamed by his criminal acts, Lex's parents, Jules and Arlene, disowned him, moved away and changed their name to the anagram "Thorul"). Luthor had a younger blond sister, Lena, an empath who grew up unaware of her familial connection with the noted villain. Protective of his sister, Luthor took measures to hide his fraternity, and had been assisted towards this end by both Superman and Supergirl. Luthor considered Albert Einstein a great personal idol, and would make a special effort to escape prison around the anniversary of Einstein's birthday each year, and visit places of significance in Einstein's life.

Modern Luthor

In 1986, John Byrne's "reboot" of Superman's mythos in the limited series, The Man of Steel, rewrote the character of Lex Luthor from scratch, intending to make him a villain that the 1980s would recognize: a corporate white-collar criminal (the idea was originally suggested by Marv Wolfman). Under the helm of other writers, he eventually became a criminal mastermind, ever-present but never fully defeated. Unlike most Superman enemies, Luthor is often more insidious, operating mainly behind the scenes.

Pre-Crisis details have occasionally appeared in altered but recognizable form. Among these, the battlesuit Luthor wore from Action Comics #544 onward appears as early as issue #5 of The Man of Steel, worn by a Luthor henchman who was apparently easily defeated by Superman (Luthor himself would wear a battlesuit resembling his Pre-Crisis one; see the 'Fall From Power' section for more details).

Origins

In the post-Man of Steel mythos, Luthor was born in the Suicide Slum district of Metropolis. In his younger years, Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor grew up in a household where his cruel and short-tempered father abused his mother and belittled his dreams of a better life. His only friend was Perry White, who encouraged Lex's aspirations of escaping the slums and becoming a success.

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Cover detail of Lex Luthor: The Unauthorized Biography graphic novel, 1989. Art by Eric Peterson.

During his teens, Lex's neighborhood environment cultivated in him a ruthless savvy and talent to manipulate. Lex took out a large insurance policy on his parents without their knowledge and sabotaged their car's brakes, killing them. Lex was put into a foster home where he would wait until he became of legal age to collect the insurance money. Lex soon discovered that his foster parents were even more brutal than his biological parents. Greedy and manipulative, they schemed to find out the location of Lex's money and steal it from him. Shortly after Lex turned the age in which he could have access to his money, he secretly put it in a savings account with the explicit instruction that only he be allowed to make withdrawals. When his foster parents found bank documents Lex had hidden from them, Lex's foster father confronted his daughter Lena and demanded that she seduce Lex (who had fallen in love with Lena) into giving her parents the money.

Lena, who had feelings for Lex, refused and for her trouble was beaten to death by her father. Lex was absent from the home at the time, having been talked into going to a football game by his friend Perry. When Lex returned home, he was heartbroken to find Lena murdered by her father. This event would serve as the turning point for Lex Luthor, who vowed to do whatever it took to gain power and absolute control over his surroundings. Decades later, on the day Lex's daughter was born; Lex hired his criminal foster father to assassinate the mayor of Metropolis. Following the killing, Lex met with Lena's murderer in an alley (under the pretense of payment) and personally shot him. Lex named his daughter Lena.

Perry White was the first target of Lex's wrath once he became powerful. Lex blamed Perry for Lena's death, and retaliated by seducing Perry's wife, fathering a baby with her. The offspring Jerry White, would later learn of his true parentage during his late teens before being killed by a local street gang he had associated with. Years later, Lex would on several occasions purchase ownership of the Daily Planet and attempt to kill the newspaper out of contempt for Perry.

Rise to power

There are many tales, or 'interpretations' of how exactly Lex became rich. In some instances he was a scientific genius and gained his fortune via his inventions. Others (more commonly) explain Lex as a ruthless tycoon.

In the comics series, Lex used his money and natural genius to create the multi-national corporation "LexCorp" that would ultimately come to dominate the city of Metropolis. One of his earliest projects was an experimental airplane and other similar cutting-edge enterprises would be the hallmark of LexCorp's high-tech output.

Lex became the most powerful figure in Metropolis, both financially and in the world of organized crime. Lex would flood the streets with weapons to arm gangs of Metropolis and use his staff to keep detailed files on all of the major organized crime leaders in the city, so Lex could use them to further any schemes he had planned. However, this all ended with the arrival of Superman.

Superman

Several months after Superman first appeared on the scene, terrorists attacked a society gala aboard Lex Luthor's yacht. Luthor observed Superman in action and then tried to hire him out after Superman dispatched the gunmen. But when Luthor admitted that he'd not only anticipated the attack but also had arranged for it to occur in order to lure Superman out, Mayor Berkowitz deputized Superman to arrest Luthor for reckless endangerment.

Luthor's (temporary) incarceration left him seething, and he swore to make Superman pay for the humiliation. He has since devoted much time and energy to that goal.

Luthor's motive for hating Superman varies over time. Contemporary stories portray Luthor as a man who sees himself as mankind's last best hope, and Superman as the threat. He was a man driven to succeed on his own, coming from nothing in a harsh environment; Conversely, Superman was granted power by random fate. While Luthor lacks the compassion or nobility to be a hero, he has a cunning and cruel mind. Superman has survived countless subsequent attempts to kill him. While on paper, Luthor has remained spotless, Superman is one of only few who realize how corrupt Metropolis' 'benefactor' is.

Cancer and cloning

Cover art to Supergirl/Lex Luthor Special #1, by Kerry Gammill.

Luthor acquired his first prized sample of kryptonite from the cyborg Metallo, who was powered by a kryptonite rock. Fashioning a ring from the alien ore deadly to Superman, Luthor wore it as a symbol that he was untouchable, even to the man of steel. Luthor eventually suffered from a severe cancer in the 1990s, caused by long-term radiation exposure to his kryptonite ring. (Before this, kryptonite was assumed to produce a 'clean' radiation that was harmless to humans).

Luthor's hand required amputation to prevent the cancer's spread, but by then it had already metastasized; it was determined that his condition was terminal. Luthor faked his own death shortly afterward by taking his personally designed jet, the Lexwing, on a proposed trip around the world and crashing it in the Andes, using this as cover for the transplant of his brain into a healthy clone of himself which he then passed off as his hitherto unknown, illegitimate Australian son and heir, Lex Luthor II; his deception helped by his vibrant new body and full head of red hair.

Luthor retook control of LexCorp and seduced Supergirl, so as to continue to torment Superman. However, Luthor's new clone body began to deteriorate and age at a rapid rate (a side-effect of a disease that affected all clones). Meanwhile, Lois Lane discovered proof that Lex Luthor had years earlier murdered a female LexCorp employee and framed an innocent man for the murder. This led Lois to the truth regarding Lex's faked death and false new identity.

Luthor retaliated by trying to systematically destroy Lois' career, but Lois fought back and, with help from Superman, exposed the truth about Lex Luthor's faked death and criminal activities. During a last-ditch battle with Superman, Lex accidentally caused the activation of a LexCorp "failsafe": A barrage of missiles let loose on Metropolis, causing nearly the entire city to be leveled. Luthor became a permanent prisoner in his cloned body, unable to even blink, and swearing vengeance on Superman.

However, aid would come in the form of the demon Neron; Luthor promptly sold his soul in exchange for Neron restoring his body to perfect health. Returning to a rebuilt Metropolis, Luthor turned himself over to the police and was put on trial, where he was acquitted of all crimes when Luthor claimed to have been kidnapped by renegade scientists who replaced him with a clone, who was responsible for all the crimes he was charged with. The emergence of an insane "clone" Luthor during his testimony cemented Luthor's innocence in the eyes of the law, and he was released.

Philanthropist

Lex Luthor had cultivated a popular image as a great philanthropist. He had been instrumental in reverse-engineering alien technology for use in general consumer goods, upgrading Metropolis into a true "city of tomorrow." Luthor also played an instrumental role in assisting the Justice League in recharging the sun during the Final Night storyline. Later, when Gotham City was destroyed by an earthquake and then abandoned by the American government in the early 2000s, it was LexCorp that took up the massive task of rebuilding the city. Unbeknownst to the populace, Luthor also took the opportunity to destroy property records so he could seize any land he wanted. By gaining a foothold in Gotham, Luthor made an enemy in Bruce Wayne, who publically denounced him.

Relationships

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Lex Luthor and the Contessa. Art by Stuart Immonen.

Despite his desire for revenge against Lois Lane for temporarily bringing down his empire, Lex has an unspoken love for her. On several occasions Luthor has commented that had Superman not arrived in Metropolis, Lex would have used his time and energy instead to win Lois and marry her (indeed, in his very first post-Crisis appearance he is actively pursuing her; Marv Wolfman originally planned for the two to have been actually romantically involved, with Lois leaving him for Superman, giving Luthor another reason to hate his foe, but Byrne modified the plan when he wrote the actual issue).

The post-Crisis Lex Luthor has been married eight times, though the first seven marriages occurred off-panel in Luthor's past. While his previous seven marriages were hinted to have been based on love (or as close to the concept of love as Lex Luthor understands it) Luthor's eighth marriage to Contessa Erica Alexandra Del Portenza (or "The Contessa" as the characters call her) was a marriage that was based on mutual manipulation and greed.

The Contessa had bought controlling interest in LexCorp after Luthor was exposed as a criminal, forcing Lex into a marriage with her in order to regain control over the company. The marriage was doomed from the beginning. The Contessa became pregnant with Lex's child and began using the unborn child to dominate Lex into doing her bidding. Luthor's response to imprison her while she was drugged during childbirth and lock her up, keeping her in a permanently drugged unconscious state.

Luthor took over as single parent to his daughter (named Lena after his childhood sweetheart) and vowed never to marry again, stating that he refused to share his daughter's affection with anyone else. The Contessa later escaped to an island mansion, but upon being elected President, Luthor ordered her home targeted by missiles and destroyed. To date, the Contessa's remains are still missing.

President of the United States

Cover to Lex 2000 #1, featuring Lex Luthor as president of the United States. Art by Glen Orbik.

Lex became the president of the United States in 2000, winning the election on a platform of promoting technological progress (his first action as president was to take a proposed moratorium on fossil-based fuels to U.S. Congress).

Despite Luthor's more unsavory traits, he was assisted by the extreme unpopularity of the previous administration due to its mishandling of the Gotham City earthquake crisis. Ironically, Batman would ultimately learn that the mishandling of the entire Gotham City rebuilding process was the fault of Luthor alone, resulting with Bruce Wayne severing all military contract ties between the U.S. government and his company Wayne Enterprises in protest of Luthor's election as President. Luthor responded in turn by ordering the murder of Wayne's lover Vesper Fairchild and framing Bruce Wayne for the murder.

An early triumph of his political career was the Our Worlds At War crisis, in which he coordinated the U.S. Army, Earth's superheroes and a number of untrustworthy alien forces to battle the story's villain, Imperiex. However, as it would later be revealed, Lex knew about the alien invasion in advance and did nothing to alert Earth's heroes to it. Clark Kent took the fall for Lois when she published proof of President Luthor's unwillingness to provide advance warning, which led to Kansas being burned to the ground.

Fall from power

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Cover to Superman/Batman #6, featuring Lex Luthor in an Apokoliptian battlesuit, reminiscent of his battlesuit from 1983's Action Comics #544. Art by Ed McGuinness.

In 2004, Luthor once again overplayed his hand, as his success at framing Bruce Wayne for the murder of Vesper Fairchild caused him to get arrogant. In an attempt to blame Superman for a kryptonite meteor approaching the Earth, he instead raised questions about himself as Superman and Batman uncovered a plot of Luthor's to further torment Batman that involved tricking Batman into thinking that the Superman villain Metallo was the man who killed Batman's parents. In desperation, he used a variant combination of the "super-steroid" Venom (a steroid mainly used by Batman villain Bane), liquid synthetic green kryptonite, and an Apokaliptian battlesuit to battle Superman directly. Unfortunately, the madness that is a side effect of Venom took hold, and he revealed his true colors during the battle. Superman and Batman were able to gain evidence by Luthor, via a mad confession during the battle on recorded to video, that Lex had traded arms with Darkseid on Apokolips, giving them the creature Doomsday in return for his aid during the "Our Worlds At War" crisis. The last nail in his coffin was the revelation that Talia Head, the acting CEO of LexCorp, had sold all the company assets to the Wayne Foundation. Luthor has since gone underground, leaving the presidency to his vice president, Pete Ross. Ross later resigned, however, leaving the presidency to a man named Jonathan Horne.

Birthright

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Lex Luthor as a child. Cover to Birthright #8. Art by Leinil Yu.

The 2004 12-issue limited series Superman: Birthright once again altered aspects of Luthor's history, such as Luthor's youth in Metropolis and his first encounter with Superman, in favor of introducing elements from the 2001 television series Smallville. Among the elements of Smallville introduced into the comics' canon include Lex's problematic relationship with his wealthy father, Lionel Luthor. Birthright also reintroduced the notion of Lex spending a portion of his youth in Smallville, as well as befriending Clark Kent, who shares his interest in astronomy.

Birthright emphasizes Luthor's wasted talents, as well as his ill-fated friendship with Clark Kent. Despite being poised for greatness, Lex is fundamentally disturbed and alienated from people. During a failed experiment to communicate with a lost alien civilization (Krypton), an explosion erupts which singes off Lex's hair and kills his father. Lex refuses to take responsibility for the blaze and leaves Smallville forever, erasing any trace that he was ever there. By the time Clark meets him again in Metropolis, Lex has launched a billion-dollar business and is the foremost astrobiologist in the world, but has also become a corrupt sadist bent on acquiring power.

The changes in Lex's character and background were initially controversial among fans given contradictions with established Luthor history, but were quickly accepted when it was made public by Mark Waid that editorial had forced him to craft a new origin for Luthor that incorporated aspects from the Smallville television series. Waid has gone on the record as stating that his original outline for "Birthright" had Waid restoring Luthor's pre-crisis background as a mad scientist, jettisoning the entire notion of Luthor being a respected but evil businessman. In the retrospective section of the published "Birthright" graphic novel, Waid describes his view that Luthor operating free and unchallenged in Metropolis for years makes Superman look ineffectual. Waid's disdain for the Post-Crisis Lex Luthor is well-known amongst comic fans, as was his opposition to the original post-crisis reboot. Unfortunately for Waid, he was overruled by DC Editors, who ordered that any changes made to Lex Luthor's history must resemble his Smallville incarnation, due to the popularity of the show.

It was recently revealed that as a result of Superboy-Prime's attempts to escape reality, his hammering on the border between worlds created ripples that rewrote history, causing various revisions of events to occur; one of these was the changing of Luthor's origin from the Man of Steel version to the Birthright version.

Infinite Crisis

The Insiders

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Lex Luthor went into hiding, preparing to activate a mind control program planted inside the brain of the current Superboy Conner Kent (created with 50% of Lex's and 50% of Superman's DNA) to help him gain revenge against Earth's mightiest heroes. Luthor has also been carefully surveiling the new Supergirl, but his attempt to split her personalities using Black Kryptonite backfired when the "evil" incarnation of Kara Zor-El rebelled against Luthor and nearly killed him.

The New Secret Society

Alexander Luthor, Jr., the son of Earth-Three's Lex Luthor, returned to the DC Universe along with other survivors from the Crisis on Infinite Earths as part of a scheme to create a perfect Earth, under the pretense of restoring Earth-Two. To this end, he assumed Lex Luthor's identity and created a new Secret Society of Super Villains.

The real Lex Luthor took on the identity of Mockingbird and formed a super-villain version of the Secret Six, whose purpose was to subvert the new Secret Society created by Alexander. Lex swore vengeance against the impostor for taking his place.

Infinite Crisis

In Infinite Crisis #3, Lex confronted Alex Luthor after tailing him for several months. Alex's identity was exposed to Lex during the following fight. He and Superboy-Prime managed to destroy his battlesuit, but Lex escaped via short-range teleporter.

Luthor then visited Conner Kent (in recovery at Titans Tower). Lex gave words of vengeance against Alex Luthor and Superboy-Prime, and slipped onto Conner's person a crystal shard (collected during his fight with Alex) showing the location of Alexander's Arctic Fortress. Conner later went to Nightwing and the two agreed to stop Alexander. At the end of Infinite Crisis #7, Lex Luthor oversees the Joker's execution of Alexander.

Luthor has shown an unusual (at least by his standards) compassion for Conner Kent; it seems that by watching Superboy throughout the course of his short life, Lex came to see Conner as his son. At one point, Luthor is shown visiting a memorial statue of Superboy in Metropolis and placed flowers there.

52

See also: 52 (comics)

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Cover art for 52 Week Thirty-Five, by J.G. Jones.

In 52 Week Three, the Gotham City Police Department finds a body in an alley that looks like Lex Luthor. John Henry Irons examines the body at S.T.A.R. Labs and notices that contact lenses were inserted postmortem to make the blue eyes appear green, like Lex's. Lex Luthor barges in with a throng of reporters, claiming that the body is that of an impostor from another Earth, the man truly responsible for his various crimes. Though Alexander's body had a missing finger and a different genetic make-up from Lex's, 52 editor Stephen Wacker has confirmed that the body found in Gotham is indeed Alex, and that Luthor had it altered before the police discovered it.

Lex publicly continues to rebuild his fallen reputation. In various news broadcasts throughout the country, he claims to have engineered a way to make meta-humans out of ordinary citizens, saying that everyone should have a right to have powers, not just a select few. However, during the autopsy of Alex Luthor, Lex secretly exposes John to the chemicals involved in his creating his new army of super-heroes, turning him into a literal man of steel. When approached by John's niece Natasha Irons, he gladly allows her to be one of his first test subjects. Thanks to Luthor, Natasha now has super-powers similar to those of Superman, after undergoing a treatment he referred to as "the full package" and acts as a spokesperson his new meta-gene treatment. Also, using Natasha and several other test subjects, Luthor has formed his own team of super-powered "heroes" which are now being called a new Infinity Inc.. In week #21, this new Infinity Inc. were battling a new Blockbuster, which Luthor had created as well, when he demonstrated that he could shut off their powers and had his speedster, Trajectory, killed. It is revealed in week #22 that Luthor himself, however, is not physically compatible with the treatment, despite repeated attempts.

Cover art for 52 Week Thirty-Nine, by J.G. Jones.

At the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve, after another failed attempt to undertake the Everyman program and feeling that Supernova - a new hero who has taken over defending Metropolis in Superman's absence - is becoming too popular, Luthor triggers a mass-shutdown of the powers of everyone who has undertaken the Everyman program except for the members of Infinity Inc. This results in the loss of life of countless heroes and civilians as flight-powered Everymen plummet to the ground and a mass catastrophe as underground gas mains are ruptured during the chaos. However, while Supernova is not able to intervene immediately against the mass murder, Luthor's attempt to discredit him fails considering the superhero is able to spectacularly and effectively minimize the ensuing disaster.

In week 39 of the series, Natasha Irons (in an attempt to better learn Luthor's motives) discovers that, in fact, Lex was compatible with the artificial meta-gene treatment, but that the scientist in charge had fabricated evidence to the contrary to prevent Luthor from gaining powers. However, Luthor has also learned the truth and performed the procedure on himself, allowing him to easily subdue Natasha. In week 40, John Henry Irons leads an attack on Luthor's building; despite the destruction of his armor during the fight, he confronts Luthor - only to find himself rapidly outclassed, as Luthor demonstrates nearly all of Superman's powers in a matter of moments - heat vision, x-ray vision, invulnerability, super-strength, flight, super-hearing, and the ability to see well beyond the visible spectrum. However, Natasha uses her uncle's hammer to trigger an electromagnetic pulse which shuts down the synthetic metagene long enough for Steel to knock Lex out.

"One Year Later"

Main article: One Year Later

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Luthor, from Action Comics #837 (May 2006). Art by Pete Woods.

One year after the events of Infinite Crisis, Luthor has just been cleared from over 120 criminal counts ranging from malfeasance to first-degree murder, only to find that he's now unpopular with the public and, thanks to the machinations of Doctor Sivana, is being bought out of LexCorp. He blames Clark Kent for writing articles unraveling his schemes, and pledges vengeance on Metropolis after an angry mob jeers him on the courthouse steps. This series of events seem to be bringing him closer to his "wealthy evil scientist" roots, as he is seen operating in lead-lined underground labs with a new Toyman. After attempting (and failing) to destroy Metropolis with stolen Kryptonian technology, Luthor escapes from his jail cell and goes underground.

He has recently appeared in the Last Son story arc of Action comics, which features a mysterious Kryptonian child who has come to Earth in a space vessel. Luthor is revealed to have Bizarro in his custody, whom he sends after the kryptonian child. Luthor's motives and ultimate role in this storyline remain unknown.

The current Superman story arc features the sorcerer Arion giving Superman and his associates a glimpse at a bleak, post apocalyptic future, in which Lex Luthor is the leader of a small band of humans trying to rebuild civilization.

Earth-Three

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Alexander Luthor of Earth-Three, reacting to the death of Superwoman, from Crisis on Infinite Earths #1 (April 1985). Art by George Pérez.

In much the same way that Superman and other heroes have evil analogs on the parallel world of Earth-Three, Luthor had a heroic counterpart there. Alexander Luthor was the only superhero in that world's history, and reluctantly decided to adopt a heroic identity to combat his world's analog of the Justice League, the evil Crime Syndicate of America. This version, who eventually married the Lois Lane of Earth-Three, died in Crisis on Infinite Earths, but was survived by their son, Alexander Luthor, Jr., one of the most pivotal figures in Infinite Crisis.

In the late 1990s JLA: Earth 2 graphic novel, an updated version of Earth-Three and its version of Luthor were reintroduced to the post-Crisis DC Universe. The physical appearance of this Lex resembles the pre-Crisis Earth-One version from 1983s Action Comics (down to the battlesuit he wears). In this version of events, the heroic Luthor travelled from his Earth (located in an anti-matter universe rather than an alternate positive one) to the mainstream DC Earth, captured and posed as his villanious counterpart, and subsequently asked the Justice League to help him rebuild his world. However, since "evil always wins" in this alternate world, the attempt failed, and Luthor resigned himself to being the only noble character on his Earth, although a later comic showed another group of heroes on this world named the Justice Underground.

In other media

Atom Man Vs. Superman

Luthor was revealed to be the master villain in the second Superman serial, 1950's Atom Man Vs. Superman. Luthor was played by Lyle Talbot.

Films

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Actor Gene Hackman as Luthor in the 1980 film Superman II.

Actor Gene Hackman played the role of Lex Luthor in the 1978 movie Superman, and in two of its three sequels (Superman II and Superman IV: The Quest for Peace). Hackman's portrayal of Luthor is seen by some to be more lighthearted and comical; he often behaves more like a conman hustler than a true mastermind. Rather than an obsessive vendetta against Superman or a desire for world domination, this version of Luthor apparently is mainly motivated by a desire to make a fortune in real estate. Also, while bald, this version of Lex Luthor is apparently insecure about his hairlessness, and tends to wear a variety of obvious wigs to conceal his baldness (he does not appear bald at all in Superman IV). Despite his bombastic exterior, Luthor is not without menace and proves fully capable of killing Superman and leveling California. When not in complete control of a given situation, Luthor has a habit of trying to cowardly talk his way out of trouble. Hackman's performances in the movies are noted for being consistently strong, even when the screenplay is not.

In the first film, Luthor's high-tech hideout is located in an abandoned transit station buried beneath the Metropolis streets. Luthor's sinister plans are offset by a tendency to surround himself with less-than-satisfactory help. He is burdened by his bumbling henchman Otis, and his conscience-striken girlfriend Eve Teschmacher. In the first film he attempts to divert military missiles to hit the San Andreas fault, causing California to sink into the ocean, turning its neighboring states into beach front property (owned by Lex Luthor Incorporated). Although he nearly kills Superman using kryptonite, he is defeated and sentenced to prison. He escapes with Miss Teschmacher's help in Superman II where he was portrayed as comic relief, and allies himself with General Zod in his bid to destroy Superman and rule alongside the Kryptonian criminals when they take over Earth. Lex did not appear in Superman III although an evil businessman named Ross Webster filled a similar role.

In 2006, an alternate version of Superman II was released as Superman II: The Richard Donner Cut. This film includes additional sequences that were filmed by director Richard Donner but were cut from Superman II when another director took over the project. The Donner Cut is edited so that, to the casual observer, it appears as if Luthor is killed when Superman uses his heat vision to destroy the Fortress of Solitude. However in a deleted scene (not reinstated into the Donner Cut), Luthor subsequently escapes from prison again with the aid of Miss Teschmacher.

Luthor reappears in Superman IV, escaping from prison once more, this time with the aid of his nephew Lenny. Once again, Lex allies himself with other villains, in this instance a cadre of war profiteers and arms dealers who are worried about what Superman's efforts to disarm the world's nuclear arsenals will do to their businesses. To defeat Superman this time, Lex, using a strand of Superman's hair stolen from a museum, creates a "clone" of Superman which he names "Nuclear Man," who possesses powers similar to Superman's and who receives his power from sunlight. Although Nuclear Man comes close to killing Superman, good wins out in the end. Nuclear Man is killed, and Superman recaptures Lex and returns him to prison, telling him, "See you in twenty."

Superboy

In the late 1980s and early 1990s syndicated television show Superboy, Luthor began as merely a scheming super-intelligent college student, played by Scott Wells. At the beginning of the second season, Luthor's personality took a dark turn as he killed a businessman and tried, unsuccessfully, to take his place via plastic surgery. This version was played by Sherman Howard. Howard's portrayal of Luthor harkened back to the mad scientist Luthor of the comics. It was later revealed that Luthor murdered his abusive parents in order to protect his sister Lena, whom he loved more than anything in the world. Her apparent death caused him to go insane and plan the destruction of all life, with only robot duplicates of himself and his sister remaining. It turned out that she had faked her death because she was ashamed of Luthor's notoriety as an evil criminal and wanted to be free of him. This caused him to reject her, although the robot duplicate of himself tried desperately to right everything in Lena's eyes.

Ruby-Spears animated series

In the short-lived 1988 animated series produced by Ruby-Spears Enterprises, Luthor was shown as an evil businessman for the first time in other media. He is voiced by Michael Bell.

Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman

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John Shea as Lex Luthor, seen prior to Luthor's death (season 1).

In the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993–1997), Lex Luthor is played by actor John Shea. Here in the eyes of the public he is a (supposed) humanitarian who is beloved by all, but few have witnessed his true face.

Clark Kent/Superman spent a good deal of the first season trying to prove that Luthor was corrupt, while Luthor was bent on finding his weakness. In addition to staging tests for Superman's powers, Luthor came up with dangerous plots for turning the public against Superman. At the end of season one, he managed to acquire kryptonite and devised a trap for Superman that almost killed him, but Superman narrowly escaped when Luthor left him to his fate. Just as Lex was about to marry Lois, the truth about Luthor's evil nature was exposed and he took his own life rather than face imprisonment and disgrace. Ironically, due to exposure to Luthor's kryptonite, Clark's powers were too weak and he could not save him.

Following the season one finale, Lex's corpse disappeared from the coroner's office. Later on, the body resurfaced in a lab where a devoted scientist (played by Denise Crosby) froze Luthor's remains and was laboring to bring Luthor back from the dead. She eventually succeeded, but as a side effect of his resurrection, Lex lost his hair, thus bringing him in line with most other incarnations of Luthor. Lex found himself disenchanted with the changes that had happened in Metropolis during his absence, notably the crime syndicate Intergang's stranglehold on the city and the fact that his former fiancee Lois Lane and Clark Kent were now romantically involved.

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Luthor revived (season 2).

Lex hid underground, again seeking kryptonite. But after kidnapping Lois in an attempt to reclaim her, he was traced to his sewer lair by Superman. This time however, Superman prevented Lex from taking his own life again to "avoid justice" and sent him to prison.

Luthor later escaped through a complicated plot involving cloning experiments; first using a clone of the President to grant him a pardon, then kidnapping the real Lois Lane and replacing her with a clone just before her wedding to Clark. Now a fugitive, Luthor hoped to transfer his and the real Lois' minds into clone bodies so they could never be found. Although Lex tricked the fake Lois into divulging Superman's secret identity ("He's really someone else...someone else you hate"), he still failed in destroying Superman and, in the ensuing destruction of his lab, was killed (apparently for good). Luthor's evil legacy lived on in his illegitimate sons, two of whom came to blows with Superman. Though Lois was initially skeptical that Lex could have fathered these children, who were already in their thirties, Clark maintained that no one could be sure of Luthor's true age since he was a master of deception.

After Shea's departure from the show after the first season, the character of Lex Luthor was constantly built into dialogue in each subsequent season. This significantly softened Shea's absence, giving the character a lingering mystique and status on the show.

DC Animated Universe

Superman: The Animated Series

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Luthor from Superman: The Animated Series.

In the 1990s cartoon Superman: The Animated Series and the subsequent Justice League animated series, Luthor was voiced by actor Clancy Brown of Highlander and Buckaroo Banzai fame (Brown originally auditioned for the role of Superman/Clark Kent, but that part went to Tim Daly instead). Luthor in this version was again a corrupt businessman, and again his hatred of Superman ultimately brought down his empire. According to the creators' commentaries on the First set of DVDs, this version of Luthor was inspired by Telly Savalas' interpretation of Bond villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in On Her Majesty's Secret Service.

Justice League

After he was revealed as a criminal and lost his business empire (in the first season of Justice League), his characterization turned more toward the original conception of the character as a criminal genius obsessed with destroying Superman. Later, Luthor's character turned in an opposite way of his comics counterpart; he was pardoned after helping the Justice League defeat their alternate evil counterparts, the Justice Lords, with a power disruptor and implied to the press that he was thinking of going into politics.

Justice League Unlimited

In the second season of Justice League Unlimited, Luthor announced he was running for President of the United States. It was later revealed to be a ruse to enrage Superman. Luthor was revealed to be financially backing Project Cadmus, a shadow government organization devoted to stopping the League if they ever turned on the earth. Luthor then betrayed them, hi-jacking the League's space-based laser to take out Cadmus leaving the impression the League had attacked the United States government. While attempting to place his mind in a duplicate of A.M.A.Z.O., he was thwarted by Amanda Waller of Cadmus. At this point, it was revealed that Brainiac had possessed Luthor, secretly controlling his actions. After the two merged into a more complete being using alien nanotechnology, Luthor and Brainiac attempted to destroy the world but were stopped by The Flash.

Luthor returned later to join the Legion of Doom, but, ironically, not as the leader (Gorilla Grodd was the leader). Luthor agreed to join in order to obtain the last remaining piece of Brainiac, which Grodd has in his possession. Luthor is obsessed with rebuilding Brainiac, as what is left of him is inhabiting Luthor's mind, giving him a sort of multiple personality disorder. It is unclear to the viewer, however, if Brainiac really exists and inhabits his mind or if he is simply a mad figment of his imagination. Later on, using the failure of Grodd's silly masterplan to turn all humans into apes as pretext, Lex Luthor shot Gorilla Grodd and took over as leader, and imprisons Grodd.

After taking over as leader of the Legion, Luthor returned to his obsession of trying resurrect Brainiac. Using the power of the Legion headquarters, Luthor spent tireless hours trying to bring a fragment of Brainiac back online. After nearly destroying the headquarters' power supply, Luthor had Tala use her magic to garner any information from the fragment. Tala shows Luthor a vision of Brainiac's base (seen in the episode "Twilight") before its destruction and Luthor reconfigures the Legion base into a spaceship with hyperspace capability.

During the journey to the remnants of Brainiac's base, Tala frees Gorilla Grodd and he mounts an insurrection against Luthor with fellow Legion members. The battle climaxes with Luthor fighting Grodd in hand-to-hand combat. Just as Grodd moves to use his telepathic power on Luthor, Luthor uses his belt to take over Grodd's mind. Afterwards, Luthor forces Grodd into an airlock and jettisons him into space.

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Luthor merged with Brainiac.

The Legion, back under Luthor's power, returns to their task of resurrecting Brainiac. Luthor hooks Tala up to a machine, reminiscent of Brainiac's machine used against Superman, to transmutate remnants of Brainiac's base back into a working body of Brainiac. Before Luthor begins the process, Metron stops time and appears to him warning that he may be unleashing something that will affect the past, present and future. Luthor, still obsessed with becoming a god, ignores him and the process begins.

However, although the process is successful, Luthor ends up resurrecting Darkseid, who attempts to destroy the Legion. The remnants of the Legion, under Luthor, go to the Justice League Watchtower to warn to the superheroes of the threat and insist on a temporary alliance in the defence of the planet. With the aid of the New God Metron, Luthor manages to acquire the Anti-Life Equation long sought by Darkseid, and uses it on the lord of Apokolips, (apparently) sacrificing his own life in the process. Template:Endspoiler

Superman: Brainiac Attacks

Lex Luthor was also featured in the direct-to-video animated movie Superman: Brainiac Attacks. Lex's character designs from Superman: The Animated Series, his job as a criminal businessman and his bodyguard Mercy Graves were used for this movie, but this version of Luthor acted similar to Gene Hackman's Luthor from Superman: The Movie. He constantly spouted one-liners and at one point threw a Tiki Torch Luau to celebrate Superman's presumed death. Lex Luthor was voiced by Powers Boothe in this movie.

Template:Spoiler Luthor's role in this movie, which was not made to fit into the continuity of the DC Animated Universe despite using its character/set designs and voice actors, had him forming an alliance with Brainiac (this is also treated as the first meeting between the two). He placed Brainiac in a new robot body and sent him to destroy Superman. Afterwards Brainiac would pretend to be defeated by Luthor and then leave Earth to conquer a different planet, while Luthor would appear as a hero to a people and then continue his quest to rule Earth. Naturally this plan failed, and it ended with a usual "Luthor under investigation" ending. Template:Endspoiler

Smallville

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Michael Rosenbaum as young Luthor on Smallville.

The television series Smallville, which began in 2001, features a Lex Luthor, played by Michael Rosenbaum, whose history echoes many previous versions of the character, though this version of Lex did not start out as a bona fide villain. Template:Spoiler In Smallville, Lex is heir to his father's fortune, again invoking the corrupt businessman version of the character. This incarnation of Lex states his full name to be "Alexander Luthor", named after Alexander the Great; his father Lionel believes himself to be the business world version of Philip II of Macedonia. Smallville's Lex is shown to have been mutated during the meteor shower that brought Kal-El to Earth. The explosion from the impact of a nearby meteor causes Lex's red hair to fall out. Kal-El's indirect involvement in Lex's hair loss can be seen in the Silver Age comic mythos. Years later, Lex would lose control of his Porsche and slam into Clark and off a bridge. It's when Clark saves his life that the two bond and become best friends. Smallville emphasizes Lex's journey to the evil, criminal mastermind that he will become later. It plays on his relationship with Clark and how that deteriorates into the mutual enmity that they will have in life.

Smallville portrays Lex's father, Lionel, with many of the same characteristics that Lex's comic book counterpart has. It's through this dysfunctional relationship that Smallville attempts to characterize how Lex eventually succumbs to his more evil side; early seasons focused on Lex's severely traumatic and loveless upbringing, a stark contrast to Clark's own idyllic childhood.

Though most of the first 3 seasons of Smallville show Lex as having noble efforts, especially with regard to how he is accepted by the townsfolk, it's during season 4 that Lex begins to head down the "dark" path of his comic book self. Lex tries to rectify his failing relationship with Clark, who he sees as his inspiration, even going so far as to tell Clark to "not give up on me". It's during season 5 that Lex's relationship with Clark finally ends, and his true machinations become apparent, when he has Clark, his parents, and Lana taken hostage in an effort to prove that Clark is hiding some secret abilities. He nearly manages to record evidence of Clark's true nature, but Clark is temporarily drained of his powers and Lex's efforts come to nothing. As resentment between the former friends grows, Lex further alienates Clark by becoming romantically involved in Lana Lang.

At the end of season 5, Milton Fine manipulates Lex into being possessed by the consciousness of General Zod. After recovery at the beginning of season 6, Lex began a secret project called 33.1 that was based around capturing and studying people who had been infected by kryptonite in order to recreate their abilites to protect the world against further alien threats. Though a noble intention, his ruthless methods put him at odds with Clark and his new ally, billionare vigilante Green Arrow and put Clarks friends and innocent people in danger. At the same time, Lex becomes engaged to Lana and she becomes pregnant with his child. This has resulted in the degredation of Clark and Lex's relationship into one of mutual hatred, with Clark opposing Lex's kryptonite research and relationship with Lana, and Lex believing that Clark has some connection to the forces working against him as well still caring for Lana. The progression of the character, in Smallville, has been an ever growing process that continues into its current season. Template:Endspoiler

Krypto the Superdog

In the animated series, Krypto the Superdog, Luthor (who is also portrayed as a rich businessman in the series, though he is only rarely seen) has a pet iguana named Ignatius. Like Luthor, Ignatius is very intelligent, vain, and is morally ambivalent about making others suffer for personal gain; however, he tends to behave in a much less dignified manner than Luthor, and is more prone to engaging in frivolous (and dangerous) personal whims. Ignatius is voiced by Scott McNeil.

Superman Returns

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Kevin Spacey as Lex Luthor.

In the 2006 film Superman Returns, Luthor is played by two-time Academy Award winner Kevin Spacey. Spacey's Luthor frequently indulges in Hackman-style comedy, but is generally angrier and more vengeful than before. At one point he compares himself to Prometheus in that, in taking the Kryptonian technology from the Fortress of Solitude for his own use, he is taking fire from the Gods and giving it to the people. Like his film predecessor, Spacey's Luthor is a scholarly crook; apparently well-educated but focused entirely on personal gain. He enjoys promoting himself through hyperbole, much like in previous films.

In the film, Lex Luthor has spent five years in prison, giving him a harder, more violent edge, as well as a desire for revenge on Superman. During Superman's disappearance, he is released from prison on an appeal. He re-acquires funding for his criminal operations by seducing his elderly but wealthy benefactor Gertrude Vanderworth (portrayed by Noel Neill, who had played Lois Lane in the Superman serials as well as the 1950s television series, and had other cameo appearances in later Superman productions), and recruits several goons who had allied with him while in jail.

His machinations once again concern real estate, as they did in the first two films. Luthor plans to use crystals (like the one Superman used to create the Fortress of Solitude) stolen from Superman to create a new continent off the east coast of the United States, destroying all surrounding landmass in the process and killing billions of innocent civilians. In doing so, he will create a vast new real estate opportunity and spite Superman at the same time. By fusing the crystal together with kryptonite, the landmass also has the added effect of sapping Superman's powers when he is in proximity, giving Luthor the advantage. After his scheme fails, Luthor uses a helicopter to escape capture, but it runs out of fuel, stranding him on a deserted island. Template:Endspoiler

Unlike Hackman's portrayal of the character, this Luthor seems to have grown comfortable being bald, despite several jokes made about his lack of hair throughout the film. Though Lex makes use of a number of wigs throughout the film, in his private life he does without.

In Bryan Singer's Superman Returns sequel, which would probably be released in 2009, it is unknown whether or not Kevin Spacy, or Luthor himself for that matter, will return for the sequel, but it is likely, as Luthor has been a villain in all of the previous Superman movies (minus Superman III).

Legion of Super Heroes animated series

In the Legion of Super Heroes episode "Legacy", the young Superman meets Alexis, the "richest girl in the galaxy" in the 30th century, who also has a knack with machinery and access to powerful technology. A redhead who wears a purple jumpsuit like Luthor's classic supervillain costume, she begins as a friend of Superman but by the end of the episode is twisted into a supervillain when the Kryptonian refuses to neglect his duties with the Legion in favor of herself. Also, at one point her hair falls out after she is recovered from the wreckage of a robot suit she was wearing. In the final scene, she appears to be regrowing her hair while in prison, and her prison uniform displays the name "Luthor" written in the Interlac alphabet. She was voiced by actress Tara Strong.

Video games

Lex Luthor is a recurring character in most video games featuring Superman since the first Superman game released for the Atari 2600. He is usually plays a villain. Most recently, he has appeared in the Superman Returns game, but only appeared in the cut scenes.

Full name

Lex Luthor's full first name has over the years been variously spelled as Alexis, Alexei, and Alexander (currently his official first name), but originally "Lex" was not intended to be short for anything. In Latin, the name "Lex" translates as "law." He was not given a first name until more than a decade after his first appearance.

In Smallville, his full name is Alexander, after Alexander the Great, the historical general whom Lionel Luthor most admires and encourages his son to pattern himself after.

Cultural references

• On the television series Robot Chicken, which uses action figures and other toys to create stop motion animation shorts, a Lex Luthor figure was featured as part of a carpool of villains (along with 1980's toy/cartoon villains Skeletor, Cobra Commander, and Mumm-Ra the Ever-Living).

• Professional wrestler Kurt Angle has stated in many interviews he based his performance as Evil General Manager on Lex Luthor. Wrestler Lex Luger (Larry Pfohl) selected his stage name in homage of the comic book character.

• Rapper Eminem made several references to both Superman and Lex Luthor in his song "Rain Man" from his 2004 album Encore.

• In the episode of Fairly Oddparents where Cosmo and Wanda go to their high school reunion, there is a bully named Luthor Lex, and the bully is bald.

• A long-running feature in NGC Magazine was called Lex Luthor's Solve My Maze, a nonsensical puzzle (only occasionally was it actually a maze) which the reader was challenged to solve to "Win A Game!" It was based on a level from the infamous Superman 64 in which Lex asks Superman to "solve my maze" (even though there was no maze in the vicinity, only a series of rings to fly through).

• A villain named Lex Luthor, also voiced by Clancy Brown, appeared on The Life and Times of Juniper Lee. Show creator Judd Winick is a DC Comics writer so the name is assumed not to be a coincidence.

• In one episode of the television series Family Guy, Peter Griffin listens in on a Justice League meeting where Superman and the others are discussing Lex's plot to "irradiate the world's gold supply", a nod to Luthor's often far-fetched world domination schemes, and a reference to the James Bond film "Goldfinger" (in which the titular villain plans exactly that).

External links

• Luthor Wins! - announcement of Lex Luthor's victory in the 2000 Presidential election, on the official DC Comics site
• The Captain's Unofficial Justice League Homepage:Lex Luthor
• Supermanica: Lex Luthor Supermanica entry on the Pre-Crisis Lex Luthor
• Newsarama: Journey into Comics In Defense of Luthor
• The Remaking of Lex Luthor From the Quarter Bin
• Secret Files Entry for Lex Luthor from the official DC Comics website (requires Adobe Acrobat)
• Lex Luthor Guilty AND Innocent! "News article" on how Luthor had his name cleared in 52
• The religion of Lex Luthor, Superman's arch-enemy