Ösgön
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Ösgön Өзгөн |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Kyrgyzstan
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| Territory : | Osh | ||||
| Coordinates : | 40 ° 46 ' N , 73 ° 18' E | ||||
| Height : | 1025 m | ||||
| Area : | 9.2 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 50,300 (2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 5,467 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
Ösgön (also Uzgen ; Kyrgyz Өзгөн ; Uzbek Oʻzgan / Ўзган ; Russian Узген ) is a city in the Osh region (Oblast) in the Central Asian Republic of Kyrgyzstan . The city has around 50,000 inhabitants, the majority (around 90%) of them ethnic Uzbeks , and is the administrative seat of the Ösgön district of the same name .
location
Uzgen located in the eastern foothills of the Ferghanatals at its eastern end, 55 km north-east of Osh , and 30 km southeast of Jalalabad , on the north bank of the incoming of southeastern Kara-Daryja , one of the two sources of the Syr Darya . The river, whose bed swells here from around 20 m to almost 200 m wide when the snow melts, is crossed by the A370 national road at Ösgön . Immediately to the west of the bridge begins the Andijon reservoir , the dam wall of which is located about 20 km further west, at the point where the river breaks into the actual Ferghana Valley, partly on Uzbek , partly on Kyrgyz national territory.
history
Ösgön has a significant history as one of the oldest cities in Kyrgyzstan. The place has had city rights since 1927, but its origins are in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. BC, when a trading post and a customs post was established here, where the Karadarja valley narrows, on a branch of the Silk Road leading through the Fergana valley to Kashgar . The place is mentioned in Chinese accounts from the 2nd century BC. Mentioned. A military camp of Alexander the Great is said to have been here before. During excavations, traces of fortifications from this pre-Christian period were found.
After the Qarakhanid in the years 990-992 large parts of Transoxiana , including the Ferghanatals, the Samanids had conquered, was today uzgen capital of their kingdoms and after Balasagun and next Kashgar and Samarkand one of the four centers of their empire. From Ösgön, Arslan-Ilek Nasr-ben-Ali († 1013), who had ruled there since 996, conquered Bukhara , the capital of the Samanids, Samarkand and the rest of Transoxania, in October 999 , and until 1213 Ösgön was the capital of the ruler in the Ferghana Valley Branch of the Karachaniden, from 1089 however under the suzerainty of the Seljuks .
As a result, the place and the entire Ferghana valley belonged to the great empire of Genghis Khan from 1219/20 and from 1229 to the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongols, and then from 1370 to the kingdom of Timur and the Timurids . From around 1512 the Ferghana valley with Ösgön belonged to the Khanate of Bukhara and from 1710 to 1876 to the Khanate of Kokand . With the annexation of the Kokand Khanate in 1876, Ösgön came to the Russian Empire and was now called Üzkent.
During the internal demarcation of the Central Asian areas of the Soviet Union under Stalin in 1924/25, the predominantly Uzbek settlement areas at the eastern end of the Ferghana Valley and on the surrounding mountain slopes - and thus also Ösgön - were not assigned to the Uzbek SSR , but became part of the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Authority Territory within the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic . For that 1926 was Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , in December 1936, the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic on 31 August 1991, the sovereign Kyrgyz Republic.
In the course of the dissolution of the Soviet Union on June 4, 1990, serious clashes broke out between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks, first in Ösgön, then also in Osh and the surrounding villages, which resulted in hundreds and possibly more than 1000 deaths within a few days, and through looting and arson caused considerable property damage. Only after the intervention of Soviet army and police units on June 6th could the unrest be brought under control.
Attractions
The minaret
Several well-preserved buildings on the Ösgön archeology-architecture-museum complex, a park-like open space near the city center and next to the administrative building of the Ösgön district, date from the Karakhanid heyday of the 11th and 12th centuries. On the north side of the complex there is a minaret , which is only 27.5 m high today , probably a model for the minarets built by the Qarakhanids in Bukhara and Vobkent . The upper part of the originally much higher and at its base 8.5 m wide, tapering tower was destroyed in an earthquake in the 16th century. Today it is crowned by a dome above a viewing platform.
The mausoleums
About 150 m further south-east are the mausoleums of Ösgön , three mausoleums made of fired bricks with impressive wall and wall ornamentation on the west-facing portal side, which at first glance look like a single building. They are among the few early Islamic structures that survived Genghis Khan's conquest of Transoxania in 1219/1220. The oldest and largest of the three is the middle one, that of the conqueror of Bukhara and Samarkand, Arslan-Ilek Nasr-ben-Ali († 1013). The 12 m high building has a square floor plan with a side length of around 11.5 m. Ornamental terracotta and carved alabaster with geometric and tendril patterns adorn the front. The rectangular mausoleum of Jalal al-Din al-Hussein, which was added to the north in 1152, is characterized by its surface ornaments that adorn the entire facade. For whom the southern mausoleum was built in 1186 is no longer known; it is the smallest of the three , but also the most ornately decorated with ornaments, arabesques and friezes .
sons and daughters of the town
- Salischan Schakirowitsch Sharipow (* 1964), Russian cosmonaut
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thomas Scholl: Kyrgyzstan: To the peaks of Tien-Shan and Pamir. 3rd edition, Trescher Verlag, Berlin, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89794-139-7 , pp. 159-160
literature
- Robert Hillenbrand: Islamic Architecture. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1999, pp. 294, 530.
- Edgar Knobloch: Monuments of Central Asia. IB Tauris Publishers, London, 2001, pp. 155, 163, 164.
