-scheid
-scheid or -scheidt is a frequent settlement names - or field names ingredient.
Word origin and meaning
The word is derived from the Old High German scit or Middle High German schit . First names of place names often include the forms -sceida , -sceitha , -scede or -schede . It refers to surfaces, consisting of a forest area or a commons out by clearing eliminated are, in the broadest sense and is a Rodungstoponym as that used at the same time -rode / -reit with its derivatives.
Secondly, general terms such as border (separated land or border mark) or watershed (for mountain ridge or pass location), as well as road divide , developed from the term .
Dating and dissemination
In terms of settlement history, the -scheid -locations like the -rode- and -hagen -locations mainly fall into the second Franconian settlement phase, mainly between the 11th and the 14th century, with a few earlier names from the second half of the 10th century . Likewise, mostly only places at an altitude have the place name suffix -scheid . This also proves the comparatively late emergence of the -scheid -Orte, in which only agriculturally difficult to develop and barren mountainous terrain was available for start-ups.
The -scheid names occur in Franconian settlement areas in the Rhineland , here mainly in the low mountain ranges on the right bank of the Rhine between Sieg and Ruhr ( Bergisches Land ) and the regions on the left bank of the Eifel and the Hunsrück . With a decreasing tendency, there are also many -scheid -names in the Westphalian Sauerland up to the Waldecker Land , whereby there are regional clusters (e.g. around Lüdenscheid ). In the north of Luxembourg the short form prevails , in the east of the Saarland and in certain areas of Lorraine they are only preserved in shrunken forms such as barst and host . According to a list by Paul Eduard Vogt, there are around 900 names of places and mountains (some of which have been lost) and around 140 field names on -scheid .
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The name is also at home in the Upper German- speaking area, here it dates a little later than in the north and typically falls into the late Middle Ages . Especially in Bavarian there are numerous forms of Gescheide , mostly shortened to Gscheid , which probably represent the old formations. In Austria, well over 100 -scheid names are noted, but half of them are false, much more recent forms of the types Wegscheid or Wegscheide , Gscheidgraben , Scheidgraben , Scheidkreuz (always used here in the sense of "border") or Scheidegg (in the sense of of ridges and passages).
literature
- Paul Eduard Vogt: The place names on -scheid and -auel (ohl). Neuwied 1895.
- Hanswilhelm Haefs: Handbook for the customer of German-speaking place names - Of villages and towns and rivers, mountains and landscapes within the borders of the Old Kingdom from 1300. Self-published, Atzerath 2006, ISBN 3-8334-4862-8 , S. oA
- Kurt Hamburger: “Mysterious places of separation in the Rhenish Slate Mountains?”, In Romerike Berge 3/2017, ISSN 0485-4306, pp. 22-29
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Stock: Wuppertal street names . Thales Verlag, Essen-Werden 2002, ISBN 3-88908-481-8 .
- ↑ Julius Leithäuser : Bergische place names: The terrain, the waters, the plants. 1901, p. 80
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↑ Michael Gockel: Commentary on settlement name types I. Historical Atlas of Hesse. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) ..
Ders .: Commentary on settlement name types II. Historical Atlas of Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). - ↑ GEONAM Austria , AMAP online.