Abitur in Bavaria (G9)
The Bavarian school leaving certificate ( Abitur ; general university entrance qualification ) is usually obtained by successfully completing the college level (grades 12 and 13) and the centrally placed Abitur examination. The set of rules for the college level and the Abitur examination is relatively complex and even as a simplified version comprises more than 40 pages. Another possibility of attaining the general higher education entrance qualification is to attend a college (grammar school of the second educational path ) or to graduate from a technical college or vocational college with the 13th grade.
New G9 (from 2018)
Approved return to the G9
After the Bavarian government cabinet had already voted in favor of a return to the nine-year grammar school, the CSU parliamentary group of the Bavarian state parliament decided on April 5, 2017 within an educational package that Bavaria would return to the nine-year grammar school from the school year September 2018. On December 7, 2017, the Bavarian state parliament voted (with the votes of all parliamentary groups) within an educational package that Bavaria would reintroduce the nine-year high school from the school year 2018/2019. The educational package that was decided provided for around 1000 new teaching positions for the grammar schools, with 1800 new teaching positions in total. The transition to the nine-level grammar school began in September 2018 for the fifth and sixth grades at the same time. In the pilot schools of the middle level plus , the pupils enrolled until September 2016 in the seventh grade could still choose the additional grade 9+ for the G8 .
Former G9 (until 2011)
Advanced courses
Each student chooses before the Kollegstufe from the subjects (except ethics ), in which he has had compulsory education for two years, two individual power classes (SC). In contrast to the basic courses , the learning content is extended and more demanding, and a written Abitur examination must be taken in both advanced courses . The advanced course comprises five hours per week.
When choosing advanced courses, it is important to ensure that the student chooses at least one major (officially: core subject). d. H. is a subject in which the student before Kollegstufe schoolwork wrote. It is also important to ensure that at least one of the two subjects is either German , a continued foreign language , mathematics or a natural science . For example, the combination of economics and law (WR) with music is also not available for students at high schools with an economics branch (WWG), although economics and law is a core subject here.
Finally, the student must have received at least a grade of 4 in the advanced course subjects in the interim report of the 11th grade (or for biology and - except for the economic branch - economics and law in the annual report of the 10th grade); A grade of 3 is required for art , music and sport .
Third and fourth subject
In addition to the advanced courses, the Abitur exams are also taken in two basic courses. In the advanced courses and in one of the basic courses (the so-called “third subject”, colloquially also “the written”), a written examination (and an additional practical examination in the advanced courses in sport, art education and music) is taken; there can be an additional 20-minute oral examination if the student so wishes or the examination board obliges him to do so (colloquially “someone has to go into the oral”). In the other basic course (“fourth subject”), on the other hand, only a 30-minute oral examination, the so-called colloquium , is held from the outset .
A pupil must choose his third and fourth subject in such a way that he fulfills the following conditions with his high school subjects, i.e. these two subjects and his advanced courses:
- (Ie in which at least two of the high school subjects he has previously considered core subjects had intermediate in schoolwork written) have.
- At least one of the subjects must be either German or a so-called continued foreign language . Continued foreign language is a foreign language that the middle school student had as a compulsory subject.
- At least one of the subjects must be either mathematics or a natural science.
- At least one of the subjects must be a social science subject, i.e. either history , geography , social studies , economics and law, or religious studies (or ethics).
- If one of the advanced courses is art education, music or sport and the other is German, mathematics must be the third or fourth subject.
- If one of the advanced courses is German and the other is a social science course (cf. No. 4), mathematics or a continued foreign language must be the third or fourth subject.
- Both the third and fourth subject must be taken for the full two years.
- He must have had at least one of the advanced courses as a core subject. Art and music cannot be chosen as a third subject, sport as neither a third nor a fourth subject. Of the voluntary basic courses, only the foreign languages that start late can be selected as a high school diploma.
Basic courses
Similar to the advanced courses, the basic courses (GK) are chosen individually towards the end of the 11th grade. However, an extensive set of rules means that numerous basic courses have to be taken. In detail, German, a continued foreign language ( third and fourth subject ), history, religious studies (replaceable by ethics), mathematics, a natural science and sport must be taken both years; Likewise, pupils who have replaced one of their compulsory foreign languages in the 11th grade with a foreign language that starts late (for example Spanish ) must complete this by the end of the 13th grade.
Pupils who have switched from Realschule , Business School or Hauptschule to Gymnasium have to study the second foreign language (which normally means: not English ) for two years, unless they have learned it from the 7th grade . Up to the 10th or from the 9th to the 11th grade as an advancement subject. With this language you can either fulfill the above-mentioned obligation to take a continued foreign language (also as an advanced course), or you can take it in addition. Due to the contribution system, in the latter case a student is not allowed to take an advanced sports course (otherwise more than 22 achievements would have to be brought in, although only 22 are brought in).
One of the two subjects art education and music, another politically educational subject (geography, social studies or economics and law) and another natural science must be taken for one year. It is necessary to have an average of 17 hours of lessons from basic courses alone in the four semesters (officially this means: 68 basic course semester hours).
An advanced course subject can no longer be selected as a basic course, only certain curriculum alternatives that can be taught in the 13th grade instead of the subject can also be attended by students who have the same subject as an advanced course. The basic course usually comprises two hours per week, three for foreign languages, mathematics and natural sciences and four for German.
Following rule Note: A semi-annual performance from 0 points (Note 6) in a basic course means that the basic course this semester and in the other half of the school year concerned as not occupied applies: Neither the zero points nor the other half-year performance can be introduced ( Bringing in ), and the basic course cannot be included in the above-mentioned minimum number of basic course half-yearly hours.
Curriculum alternatives
It is possible to replace the following subjects with curriculum alternatives in the 13th grade:
- Geography through geography (geology)
- Economics and law through business informatics
- Mathematics through mathematics (computer science)
- Physics through physics (computer science)
- Physics through physics (astronomy)
For numbers 2 to 4, the prerequisite is that the student has previously voluntarily attended a computer science course in the 12th grade or, as it is officially called, “can provide evidence of equivalent previous education”.
Physics-astronomy (outside of official texts mostly written like this, and not with brackets) can be taken as a third and fourth Abitur subject, the others only as a colloquium.
skilled work
In one of the two advanced courses, the student creates a "specialist paper". This short, “pre-scientific” essay has had to be explained in an oral examination for several years after it was submitted to ensure that the work was written by the student. This examination is included in the final grade with 25%. In general, technical work is about training the high school graduate's ability to study . That is why it is all about scientific work . If the thesis is rated with 0 points, the student will not be admitted to the Abitur. Simply submitting an outline is not enough to receive a point. The high school graduate has almost a whole year to write the technical work. The submission always takes place in the 13th grade, usually on the last Friday in January. However, some high schools set the deadline themselves.
Bring in
Submission is understood as the process in which the students decide which of their basic course half-year performance (the final grades for a certain subject in one of the four half-years) should be included in the so-called overall qualification ( see below ). There are certain regulations for this: of the third and fourth Abitur subject, exactly three (from the first three semesters) are included here (and the fourth for the examination result). The following table shows how many achievements are to be made if the subject in question is not an Abitur subject :
| subject | be introduced services |
|---|---|
| German | 4th |
| continued foreign language | 4th |
| second foreign language * | 2 * |
| Art or music | 2 |
| history | 2 |
| another social subject | 2 |
| Religion (or ethics) | 2 |
| mathematics | 4th |
| first science | 3 |
| second science | 2 |
| Sports | 0 |
* Only applies to students from Realschule , Wirtschaftsschule and Hauptschule who have not chosen their second foreign language (which normally means: not English) as an advanced course or as a basic foreign language that has to be paid in. In any case, the two half-year achievements of the 13th grade must be included. None of this applies if the student in question had the relevant language as an advancement subject from 7th to 10th or from 9th to 11th grade.
Here, the natural science covered both years is the first, the other the second. If the second natural science is also voluntarily taken in both years, the number of services that are required to be contributed does not increase, of course.
Please also note that if two of the “other social science subjects” (geography, social studies, economics and law) are high school diplomas, the student can dispense with either history or religion (or ethics).
In total, including the six achievements from the third and fourth subject, exactly 22 basic course half-year achievements must be made.
Most of the time, the student will bring in performance beyond the table above. In this case, he can contribute beyond the two compulsory services from the subject of history, from the subject of sport or from voluntary courses ( e.g. dramatic design ). There are some limitations here:
- A maximum of five achievements can be made from sport and from voluntary courses (a maximum of three from the subject sport). However, a foreign language that starts late and was chosen as the Abitur subject is not considered voluntary.
- From additional basic courses to advanced courses (e.g. English conversation and English), only two achievements can be made.
- No more than five of the 22 achievements may belong to the same subject (for example music and instrumental music).
A basic course half-year performance of 0 points (grade 6) may not be included and the other half-year performance may not be included in the same subject in the same school year, since this subject is then considered not to be taken in the school year .
Abitur examination
At the end of the two years the Abitur examination is taken. The three written exams last three to five hours, depending on the subject, longer in advanced courses than in basic courses. The oral exam, the colloquium, lasts 30 minutes and is divided into two parts: approx. 10 minutes presentation on the chosen focus with approx. Five minutes discussion, which must be prepared beforehand within 30 minutes, and 15 minutes examination over two optional semesters ( Semester ). Optionally, the student can also be examined here for every three additional semesters of the apprenticeship, but the examination is then extended to a total of 45 minutes. However, this form of colloquium is very rarely chosen because it requires more extensive preparation.
All written Abitur assignments in Bavaria are set centrally by the Ministry of Culture and are processed nationwide at the same time. The work is corrected by the respective course leader and corrected by a second teacher. Both are given a rough assessment key and a horizon of expectations . This is to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities, but that the lessons do not have to be kept too close to the curriculum.
Grading of the Abitur
In the college level, assessment is not made according to the classic grading system, but according to a point system that enables further differentiation.
- Points system in the college level
A special rule must be observed when calculating the average: although it is rounded as usual, rounding up to the point number 1 is prohibited. If a student has achieved an average of 0.9 points, then 0 points must be entered.
So-called half - year performance is determined for both basic and advanced courses, i.e. the certificate grades in the four training phases (half-year) 12/1, 12/2, 13/1 and 13/2.
The Abitur grade is composed as follows:
- 22 half-year performances from the basic courses, including three (namely those of the first three training phases) of those basic courses in which the written Abitur or Colloquium is written (maximum number of points: 330 points);
- The half-year performance of the first three training phases of the advanced courses, namely doubled: Here points from 0 to 30 are possible, where again, for example, 26-30 points correspond to the grade very good and 0 or one point to the grade insufficient , this is called double evaluation . Maximum score: 180 points;
- the technical work, also in double evaluation (maximum number of points: 30 points)
- The result of the Abitur examination in the four subjects: the half-year performance of the examination subjects in training section 13/2 in a single rating (these are counted here, which can play a role in the hurdles, among other things) and the performance achieved in the examination in fourfold rating. The maximum number of points in a single subject is 75 points (the grade 4 is between 20 and 30 points, for example), a total of 300 points can be achieved in this area.
This means that the maximum number of points for the entire Abitur grade is 840, i.e. 56 times 15 points. The grade 3 is between 392 and 504 points (56 × 7 or 56 × 9) in the high school graduation because it is 7 to 9 points in the 15-point scheme.
The general higher education entrance qualification is granted to a student if
- he has at least 280 points or more in the overall Abitur grade;
- he has at least 110 points from the half-year basic course performance (excluding the last half-year of the Abitur subjects);
- he from the half-year performance course (excluding the last half-year) and the specialist work at least 70 points;
- he has achieved at least 100 points in the Abitur examination (including the last half-year performance in the Abitur subjects, which also only count in the advanced course).
The above criteria each mean an average of 5 points, corresponding to a grade of 4 in each performance considered.
The prerequisite is that the following has not occurred:
- that he has achieved a performance of 0 points (corresponding to insufficient ) and also of one point in the performance course (corresponds to a grade of 6 because it is double valued);
- that his technical work has been rated with 0 points; This means that students who hand in their thesis late will not be admitted to the Abitur, as their thesis will be assessed with 0 points.
- that he only achieved 0 points in the oral examination for the technical work, which is included in the assessment of the technical work.
- that he contributes or has to contribute a half-year performance where he had 0 points in the other half-year performance of the same school year (12th or 13th grade) in the same subject;
- that he has earned 4 (= grade 4−) or less (= grade 5) points more than six times in the basic semester course;
- that he has earned 9 or less points more than twice a half-year performance course (corresponds to a four minus and worse, since it is double valued);
- that he has received 24 (= grade 4−) or fewer points in the Abitur examination (including the last half-year performance of the Abitur subjects) in more than two subjects or in both advanced course subjects;
- that he has not taken a necessary course or has less than the required minimum number of hours (68 basic course half-yearly hours). This can happen if the student gets the final grade of 0 points in one semester, because then the subject is not only considered as not taken in the respective semester, but even in the entire school year.
These points are known as "hurdles".
The Abitur grade is converted into a grade of the six- grade system with one decimal place using the following scheme :
| Points | grade | Points | grade | Points | grade | Points | grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 840-768 | 1.0 | 616-600 | 2.0 | 448-432 | 3.0 | 280 | 4.0 |
| 767-751 | 1.1 | 599-583 | 2.1 | 431-415 | 3.1 | ||
| 750-734 | 1.2 | 582-566 | 2.2 | 414-398 | 3.2 | ||
| 733-717 | 1.3 | 565-549 | 2.3 | 397-381 | 3.3 | ||
| 716-701 | 1.4 | 548-533 | 2.4 | 380-365 | 3.4 | ||
| 700-684 | 1.5 | 532-516 | 2.5 | 364-348 | 3.5 | ||
| 683-667 | 1.6 | 515-499 | 2.6 | 347-331 | 3.6 | ||
| 666-650 | 1.7 | 498-482 | 2.7 | 330-314 | 3.7 | ||
| 649-633 | 1.8 | 481-465 | 2.8 | 313-297 | 3.8 | ||
| 632-617 | 1.9 | 464-449 | 2.9 | 296-281 | 3.9 |
Furthermore, the Abitur certificate contains oral (ie “very good”, “good” and so on) grades as total grades for the individual subjects. These can also be found for the subjects already taken before the college level: The final year grade of the last year of this subject is used here. However, they do not count towards the Abitur grade, which may be decisive for the choice of the subject .
literature
- Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture: Collegiate Level - The upper level of the nine-year high school in Bavaria. 2008.
Individual evidence
- ^ Resolution of the Bavarian Parliament. Bavarian State Parliament , December 7, 2017, accessed on November 10, 2019 .
- ↑ From 2018/2019: CSU parliamentary group decides to return to the G9. Passauer Neue Presse , April 5, 2017, accessed on April 5, 2017 .
- ↑ Bavaria goes back to the G9. n-tv , April 5, 2017, accessed April 5, 2017 .
- ↑ Bavarian High School: Oral Abitur examination