Alpen-Steinquendel
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Alpine stone quendula ( Acinos alpinus ) |
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| Acinos alpinus | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Moench |
The acinos alpinus ( Acinos alpinus ), also stone mountain mint called, is a plant of the genus Steinquendel ( Acinos ) within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The Alpen-Steinquendel grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 and 25 centimeters. The low lying to ascending stem axes can lignify at their base ( subshrub ).
The cross-opposite leaves are divided into short petioles and leaf blades. The simple leaf blade is oval to elliptical, with entire margins or serrated in front.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from June to September. Three to eight short-stalked flowers each have pseudo whorls in the upper leaf axils, with shorter bracts .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five brownish sepals have grown together to form a calyx tube, which is narrowed in the middle and ends clearly with two lips. The three upper calyx teeth are significantly shorter, the two lower ones and do not lean together after the anthesis and do not close the calyx (in contrast to Acinos arvensis ). The five petals are fused into a 10 to 20 millimeter long corolla tube. The red-violet, lively violet, rarely pink or white, two-lipped corolla has white spots on the three-lobed lower lip.
Ingredients and chromosome set
Whole plant smells aromatic like peppermint and contains the same effective ingredients (mainly essential oils ) as the related savory , albeit to a lesser extent.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
ecology
The pollination is done by bees , bumblebees and butterflies .
Locations
This lime-loving plant prefers stony lawns, rubble and rocky slopes from the valley up to altitudes of 2700 meters. Acinos alpinus is a characteristic species of the order Seslerietalia albicantis.
Systematics and distribution
It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Thymus alpinus by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench was published by Conrad Moench . Other synonyms for Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench are: Clinopodium alpinum (L.) Kuntze , Calamintha alpina (L.) Lam. , Melissa alpina (L.) Benth. , Satureja alpina (L.) Scheele , Faucibarba alpina (L.) Dulac .
The systematics of this family group is controversial. The species of the Acinos were partly counted earlier to the genus Calamintha . Some authors these species are also the genus Clinopodium L. provided
The distribution area of the Alpen-Steinquendel includes the mountains of Central and Southern Europe as well as North Africa to Asia Minor . In Austria it is often found in all federal states, but is absent in Vienna and Burgenland .
Some subtaxa have been described by Acinos alpinus :
- Acinos alpinus var. Albanicus (Kümmerle & Jáv.) Šilic (Syn .: Clinopodium alpinum subsp. Albanicum (Kümmerle & Jáv.) Govaerts ): It occurs only on the western Balkan peninsula .
- Acinos alpinus ((L.) Moench var. Alpinus (Syn .: Clinopodium alpinum (L.) Kuntze subsp. Alpinum )): It occurs in Central and Southeastern Europe .
- Acinos alpinus subsp. hungaricus (Simonk.) Soják (Syn .: Clinopodium alpinum subsp. hungaricum (Simonk.) Govaerts ): It occurs from Southeastern Europe to Turkey .
- Acinos alpinus subsp. majoranifolius (Mill.) PWBall (Syn .: Clinopodium alpinum subsp. majoranifolium (Mill.) Govaerts ): It occurs only on the northwestern Balkan Peninsula.
- Acinos alpinus subsp. meridionalis (Nyman) PWBall ( Clinopodium alpinum subsp. meridionale (Nyman) Govaerts ): It occurs in the Mediterranean region.
- Acinos alpinus var. Sardoa (Asch. & Levier) Pignatti (Syn .: Clinopodium alpinum subsp. Sardoum (Asch. & Levier) Govaerts ): This endemic occurs only in Sardinia .
Common names
The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the Alpen-Steinquendel, sometimes only regionally : Wild Basilien, Bergminze ( Switzerland ), Wild Kirch Isop ( Silesia ), Steinpoley and Steinquadel.
use
Occasionally the alpine peasants use the alpine stone quendel to flavor cheese or in folk medicine as a stomach-strengthening and nerve-stimulating agent.
literature
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench, Alpen-Steinquendel. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved February 24, 2016.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 812 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Clinopodium alpinum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 27, 2018.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 72, online.
Web links
- Alpen-Steinquendel . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Thomas Meyer: Steinquendel - data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).