Stock brewery
Aktienbrauerei (formerly Actien-Brauerei ) refers to a brewery that is owned by several owners with a proportionate limited capital stock ( share ). As introduced in the mining industry in earlier centuries, this was the name given to breweries in the 19th century. The joint-stock breweries distinguished themselves from the traditional bourgeois beer cooperatives or brewing communes , which were usually tied to owning a house in the city concerned, and from the manorial breweries. The joint stock breweries could be newly founded or result from the conversion of existing breweries.
history
In many high medieval towns citizens in addition to could Hofbrauhäusern and monastery breweries often the brewing justice gain. The homeowners with the right to brew the beer brewed the beer in their own house and poured it alternately on specified days ("row brewing"). More efficient communal breweries later replaced the domestic brewing activity by forming brewing communes. The miles right adequately secured the market at that time.
The 19th century was characterized by increasing demand, new production methods ( refrigeration technology , bottom-fermenting yeast ), new transport methods ( railroad ) and, as a result, drastically expanded sales markets. The necessary investments in the expansion of the brewery building and the connection to the railway network required new financing instruments and legal entities such as the newly created joint stock breweries.
In the 20th and 21st centuries, the stock breweries were dissolved by nationalizations (1945 to 1947 in the Eastern Bloc ), reprivatisation and takeover by corporations .
Well-known joint stock breweries
The years refer to the period of existence as a share brewery in the classic sense: