Aktien-Brauerei-Gesellschaft Friedrichshöhe

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Friedrichshöhe stock brewery
legal form Aktiengesellschaft (until 1947), VEB (1949–1990)
founding 1856
resolution 1991
Reason for dissolution market economy reasons
Seat Berlin-Friedrichshain , Landsberger Allee
Number of employees more than 1000 (at the best of times)
Branch Beer brewery ( food )

Part of the listed brewery buildings on the corner of Landsberger Allee and Richard-Sorge-Straße , 2012

The Aktienbrauerei Friedrichshöhe is a historic beer brewery in Berlin , the main location of which was on today's corner of Landsberger Allee and Richard-Sorge-Strasse . Mid-1850s consisting had Munich originating brewer Georg Patzenhofer can here create a storage cellar and a beer taproom (Bavarian brewery) opened it. A few years later, all of the Patzenhofer brewery's production facilities were relocated to newly built production halls. The brewery existed at this point for more than a hundred years, whereby it was renamed several times and as the VEB Schultheiss brewery produced various types of beer until 1991. Since then, most of the historic brick buildings have been vacant or small parts of them have been used by regional associations. The malt house and some warehouses along Richard-Sorge-Strasse were demolished in 2006/2007 and replaced by residential buildings. The remaining parts of the building are under monument protection .

history

On a plot of land on Tilsiter Strasse (today: Richard-Sorge-Strasse) 51-62 to Diestelmeyerstrasse (now shortened; Kochhannstrasse) and Landsberger Allee 24-27 (on Friedrichshöhe ), which at that time ran across the cemetery , Georg Patzenhofer had the Have the first beer storage cellar built for his brewery. He first started making beer in Berlin-Mitte on Neue Königstrasse (today: Otto-Braun-Strasse) and later had a malthouse and brewhouse built on Papenstrasse . As was customary at the time, from 1858 there was also an immediate bar at this point. On Sundays and public holidays, strollers flocked to the beer garden , mostly on the way to the nearby Volkspark Friedrichshain . Horse-drawn vehicles brought the wort here in a huge barrel .

In 1871, the previously privately owned brewery was converted into a stock corporation and from then on it was called Actien-Brauerei- Gesellschaft Friedrichshöhe, vorm. Patzenhofer . Friedrich Goldschmidt was appointed as director. In the past few years he had found out about the most modern brewery equipment at the time, the brewing technology and the materials used in the USA , among other things , which now benefited the Patzenhofer company. In 1873 Patzenhofer AG expanded the area on the Friedrichshöhe through acquisitions in order to create space for further storage cellars and production buildings; the group now owned around 28,000 m².

The area in the center of Berlin had proven to be too small for the necessary extensions, purchases of land in the neighborhood were not possible and the water management was also not optimal. The Friedrichshöhe, an elevation 49 meters above sea ​​level northeast of the gates of old Berlin , had a sufficiently deep groundwater level so that the water extracted from a deep well on the site was of the purity necessary for beer production. Between 1877 and 1886, new buildings for a complete beer production were built here: brewhouses , a malt house, a kiln , administration building and shed for the growing fleet of vehicles.

Most of the buildings were from the Architektengemeinschaft Max antiquity & Salo Zadek designed and together with the Council-master mason Arthur Rohmer executed. With the completion of the first new building phase in 1886, the company gave up its location in Papenstrasse and relocated all beer production to Landsberger Allee.

The annual beer output at the end of the 19th century was 110,000 hectoliters .

For the year 1896 40 beer wagons, 25 bottle wagons and 105 horses are given as the fleet. Part of the brewery's annual production mentioned above was filled into 50,000 bottles a day. New materials were used in the brewery equipment, instead of iron, the new kettles were now made of copper, and the storage containers were made of aluminum instead of wood, as was the case in the old tradition. All machines received electric drives.

Schultheiss-Patzenhofer beer garden on Landsberger Allee, 1909.
Parts of the light pavilion visible in the background have been preserved.

In 1909, the group management opened a test brewery on the company premises with its own brewery equipment. The preserved facility was handed over to the Museum of Transport and Technology as a functional production-related certificate after the beer production was stopped in 1991 .

The last and most modern brewhouse was inaugurated in 1912 and, with its equipment, was considered the most important in Europe.

The extensive tasks of the management made a representative administrative building in the city ​​center of Berlin necessary in the 20th century . In 1905 a new building was therefore moved into at Taubenstrasse 10 ( Berlin-Mitte ) , which was sold to Allianz insurance in 1920 . In the same year, the general shareholders' meeting on July 12, 1920 decided to merge with the Schultheiss brewery , creating the “most powerful beer group in Europe” with the name Schultheiss-Patzenhofer Aktiengesellschaft for brewery companies .

Historical lettering with logo applied after 1990 on the garden pavilion in Landsberger Allee

In these years numerous pubs established themselves in the Berlin cityscape as “Patzenhofer Bierausschank”, for example on the corner of Ebertystrasse and Straßmannstrasse.

The name Patzenhofer disappeared from the company name in March 1938 after the company (main location in Roonstrasse in Berlin-Lichterfelde ) had made further acquisitions. The production facility on Landsberger Allee was now run as the Northeast Department NO 18 . Between 1920 and 1937, all parts of the brewery group bore the name “Schultheiss-Patzenhofer”, including a corresponding site in Dessau . Apparently the naming rights were retained after 1938.

The brewery in Friedrichshain resumed beer production immediately after the end of the Second World War ; there was no major war damage, but initially there were problems with the procurement of the ingredients. There were (and still are in 2012) numerous bullet holes on the buildings.

The Friedrichshainer Brewery was in operation until 1991, most recently as part of the VEB Beverage Combine in Berlin under the name Operation V Schultheiss Leninallee , the corresponding beer was called Berliner Pilsner with no historical reference to Patzenhofer. The entire property was sold to Brau und Brunnen (today: Radeberger Group ), production was discontinued and numerous systems were sold or scrapped. A few technical devices are still preserved in the remains of the building.

The 85 meter high chimney was blown up and removed in 1996.

architecture

View of the administrative building from Landsberger Allee

The entire building ensemble was built with bricks of different quality and based on the classicist architectural style . Used to high-quality dark red bricks of the three-story administration building in a prominent place on the corner Tilsit Street / Landsberger Allee and its facade was tonal decorative accessory: under the eaves plastic columns, terracotta -Schmuck ( floral motifs) for Friese and around the windows , also ornamental paintings on the second floor. This building served first as Comptoir and residential building , after 1920 it was also the headquarters of the Directorate. In the years of the GDR , the administration of the beverage combine and a company canteen were located there, which could also be used by employees of surrounding companies. It has been empty since 1991.

A large wooden wall follows in Richard-Sorge-Straße, which visually connects the administration building with the adjoining, elongated four-storey building wing (behind the wall are construction pits that were partially demolished in 2005 ). The wing, made with simple bricks and almost no frills, is the former brewhouse and warehouse with a raised central section.

Different plans for the perspective of the buildings and the area

Remnants of the Friedrichshöhe brewery, the three gables in the foreground were demolished in December 2007
Remnants of the beer garden pavilion can be seen from the UCI cinema
Main gate

From 1992 there was initially a project for an expansion as Schultheiss-Passagen . More than 200 apartments, restaurants, shops and a hotel were to be built. Only the UCI cinema , which was built on the former brewery site in the west instead of the beer garden, was realized, which separated a first area of ​​around 7300 m².

The non-listed warehouses (see photo from 2007) along Richard-Sorge-Strasse with around a third of the previous area were sold to construction investors who had them torn down. In their place, new modern residential buildings (“Townhouses Friends”) were built between 2008 and 2010.

In 2006, Quantum Immobilien-Projektentwicklungsgesellschaft acquired another part of the site for 3.5 million euros and, with the support of a development association and the “LA54” initiative, began gradually converting the building into a creative house. A small beer garden with snack bar opened in the courtyard around 2010 and new electrical and gas lines have been laid in the other buildings. The tenants of this site and the owner's former villa (called: “Villa Rosa”), a two-storey solitary building also made of brick next to the main entrance in Landsberger Allee, established the “Klick Club” as well as galleries and studios. This interim cultural use for artists of various genres was marketed as an “all-round location and urban oasis for stressed-out neighborhood homies”. The lettering "Kunst-Haus" was affixed to the gate in copper-plated capital letters. Between 2009 and 2012, 70 artists and five galleries worked and some lived in the LA54 art center. Collective art festivals were organized monthly, which in their most active period drew up to 1000 visitors.

This project had to be abandoned due to the ex officio withdrawal of the usage permit (officially for reasons of fire and building protection law), but especially after the sale of the listed buildings, against the resistance of the studio tenants at the beginning of 2012. They had commissioned an architect to work out a construction plan to remedy the deficiencies in order to apply for a renewed usage permit, which the new owner of Estavis AG, Markus Lanz, denied.

In spring 2011, Estavis AG acquired around 8,400 m² of the remaining listed building stock and 5,500 m² of the area for 3.5 million euros. In the buildings to be renovated and restored, 152 apartments of the "upper to very high class" and nine commercial units for a total of 43 million euros were to be built. The construction of further new buildings was planned on the open area. The new residential area was named "An der Brauerei" after the street of the same name opposite.

View through the locked main gate onto the courtyard

In March 2012, ownership of the site was transferred to PABR Verwaltung GmbH, chaired by Achaz von Oertzen. His group of companies, CESA, applied for a conversion of the site from commercial, to commercial and residential, to have apartments in the main wing and the new buildings already planned behind the brewhouse, a health center in the villa, and an art center under the direction of LA 54 in the Pump room to implement.

An on-site inspection at the beginning of June 2012 showed that the management of the Kunst-Haus and the LA54 initiative are in the process of clearing the building. The reason for this is that the art association LA54 e. V., together with the owner PABR Verwaltung GmbH and the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district , decided to open the Kunsthaus after the renovation.

The buildings were cleared in spring 2014, but there was no construction activity.

In October 2016, the board of the owner PABR Verwaltung GmbH changed from Achaz von Oertzen to Aleksey Zagrebelny.

literature

  • Jan Feustel : Walks in Friedrichshain. Berlin reminiscences . Haude & Spener 1994, pp. 43–56: Between the beer kettle and the burial hall on Friedrichshöhe .
  • Dedicated to the friends of our beer on the day of our 25th anniversary . The Patzenhofer Brewery, Berlin NE, Landsberger Allee 24–27. Damcke, Berlin 1896. Digitized by the Central and State Library Berlin, 2019. URN urn: nbn: de: kobv: 109-1-15384911

Web links

Commons : Brauerei Friedrichshöhe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Aktienbrauerei Friedrichshöhe . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  2. Althertum & Zadek . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1888, I, p. 12. “Atelier for architecture and construction, Scharrenstrasse 2”. Zadek, S. In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1888, part 1, p. 1278. "Carpenter and architect, Dragonerstraße 12, Althertum & Zadek company".
  3. ^ Rohmer, A. In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1888, part 1, p. 931. "Raths-Maurermeister, Blücherstraße 63".
  4. ^ Ralf Schmiedecke: Berlin-Friedrichshain. The archive images series. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2006, p. 35.
  5. ^ A b Jan Feustel: Walks in Friedrichshain. Berlin reminiscences . Haude & Spener 1994, p. 45.
  6. ^ Jan Feustel: Walks in Friedrichshain. Berlin reminiscences . Haude & Spener 1994, p. 46.
  7. ↑ Information accompanying a preference share in Patzenhofer-Brauerei AG from December 1932 with a value of 1000 Reichsmarks . nonvaleur-shop.de. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
  8. Breweries . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1924, part 2, p. 60. "b) Caramel beer: Schultheiß-Patzenhofer" (right column).
  9. ^ Ralf Schmiedecke: Berlin-Friedrichshain. The archive images series . Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2006, p. 33.
  10. Beer: Malt beer . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1939, part 2, p. 62.
  11. Illustration of six labels for the Schultheiss-Patzenhofer beer type , accessed on June 4, 2012
  12. ^ Dividend manure and real estate roulette . Friedrichshainer Chronik, accessed on June 3, 2012
  13. ^ Website Friedrichshöhe with a brief overview of the cultural offerings ( Memento from July 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  14. Karin Schmidl: The ruins of the former Patzenhofer brewery are to become a place for art and culture: party in the beer cellar . In: Berliner Zeitung , April 13, 2007
  15. ^ Artists refuse to move out of the brewery . In: Der Tagesspiegel , December 2, 2011. Accessed June 5, 2012. 
  16. Klaus D. Voss: On it a Dujardin . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 21, 2011. Accessed June 4, 2012. 
  17. ^ Nina Apin: Dispute in the artist house. In: taz . Retrieved on November 1, 2011 : "Estavis AG wants to invest 43 million euros in the renovation of the brick complex in accordance with the listed buildings."
  18. Helen Hagemeier: The brewery is not just becoming a luxury quarter. (No longer available online.) In: Berliner Abendblatt . March 18, 2014, archived from the original on April 14, 2014 ; accessed on March 18, 2014 : “And von Oertzen is also giving hope to the artists' initiative again. “The project planning also sees room for creative spaces,” he says. For example, several studio rooms and a gallery are to be created in the former drinking hall. The investor offers the Kunstverein the possibility of using the building rent-free for ten years and only paying for the operating costs. "
  19. ^ Thomas Frey: New plans for brewery premises. In: Berlin Week . February 13, 2014, accessed on February 13, 2014 : “Achatz von Oertzen promised the initiative the former drinking hall at the entrance to Landsberger Allee as the future domicile. You get studios there and there is also an exhibition room. Works by LA54 as well as other artists will be shown there. There could also be readings, other events and a café there. The LA54 does not have to pay any rent to use its more than 800 m² area, only the ancillary costs. That is true for ten years. The corresponding contract should be signed shortly. "
  20. Architect Pudewill Gewers Project PABR Verwaltung GmbH Achaz von Oertzen: Revitalization of the Patzenhofer brewery. Architect Pudewill PABR GmbH Achaz von Oertzen, March 2014, accessed on January 16, 2017 : “ Artist studios are to be arranged in the former 'Trinkhalle'. The single-storey building offers space and work opportunities for visual artists who are based in the Friedrichshain district. "
  21. Money House Commercial Register: Board PABR Management GmbH. Moneyhouse Commercial Register, October 2016, accessed January 16, 2017 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 31 ′ 29.3 "  N , 13 ° 26 ′ 37.1"  E