Adamello group
| Adamello group | |
|---|---|
 Adamello-Presanella group with Brenta and the western mountains of Lake Garda |
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.jpg) Adamello group with from left to right Val Miller, Valle di Salarno, Valle Adamè and Val di Fumo |
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| Highest peak | Cima Presanella ( 3556 m slm ) |
| location | Eastern Alps ; Provinces of Brescia & Trento , Italy |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 9 ' N , 10 ° 33' E |
The Adamello Group , or Adamello – Presanella Group (in the narrower sense) is a large, 3000–3500 m high mountain range on the southern edge of the Eastern Alps . It is on the border between the Italian provinces of Brescia and the autonomous province of Trento , halfway between Lake Garda and the Ortler group , which are both 30 km away.
The AVE division of the Alps counts the massif to the Adamello-Presanella Alps , which extend from this main mountain range to the edge of the Alps.
Geography and geology
The Adamello group measures about 30 x 30 km. In the wide area around this high alpine mountainous country, only two main valleys run, both in the north-north-east-south-south-west direction, marked out by the tectonics in the course of the earth's history. Therefore, many of the side valleys are difficult to access.
The massif is one of the Southern Alps and includes the Pizzo di Coca in the Bergamasque Alps and the southernmost three-thousand-meter peaks in the Eastern Alps .
The Adamello east flank owes its existence to a plutonic intrusion of the Tertiary period , i.e. it consists of granite and quartz diorite , which is here called adamellogranite or tonalite . It is the largest geologically recent intrusion of granitic rocks in the Alps.
Boundary
The Adamello Group is bordered by the following valleys:
- in the west, the deep and wide Val Camonica of Fiume Oglio above Lake Iseo to Edolo , behind which the Bergamasque Alps lie
- in the north-west and north the upper reaches of the Oglio between Edolo and Ponte di Legno in the west to the Sobretta-Gavia group and the Tonale pass with the upper Val Vermiglio ( Val di Sole ) in the east as the border to the Ortler group
- in the east and northeast of Dimaro in the Val di Sole up the Meledrio , over the Passo Campo Carlo Magno into the valley of the Sarca (source area: Valle di Campiglio near Madonna di Campiglio , and below the Val Rendena with the main towns of Tione and Pinzolo ), the the group of the Brenta separates
- in the southeast the line Tione - Val di Breguzzo - Ponte Cáffaro - Val Caffaro of the upper Chiese to Lago d'Idro
- the demarcation to the south to the Prealpi Bresciane (Brescian Prealps), however, is geographically indistinct, it is generally seen along the line Storo in Val Caffaro - Bagolino - Passo di Croce Domini - Breno in Val Camonica.
To the north, the massif is delimited by a very striking geological fault : the Periadriatic Seam , which - coming from Carinthia / Friuli and South Tyrol - is called the Tonale Line and represents the plate-tectonic border between Europe and Africa. That is why the Adamello Group is part of the Southern Alps in a geological sense . This weak zone of the earth's crust is followed by the furrow of two valleys which the Tonale Pass ( Passo del Tonale , 1884 m slm ) connects as the most important east-west traffic artery of these provinces.
The eastern border, the Valli Giudicárie (from Madonna to Lake Iseo) are a tectonic fold.
Mountain groups, peaks, glaciers
The highest peak is the Cima Presanella ( 3556 m slm ) above the Tonale pass , but it is named after the 2 m lower, mighty Monte Adamello ( 3554 m slm ). Between these two 15 km distant mountain giant the valley extends Val di Genova , the valley of the Corni (horns) di Lagoscuro is crowned (3.080- 3160 m slm ). The most striking peaks in the ridge between Cima Presanella and Monte Adamello are Monte Cercen ( 3280 m slm ), Cima Busazza ( 3326 m slm ), Monte Mandron ( 3281 m slm ) and Corno Bianco ( 3434 m slm ).
The central part of the massif is heavily glaciated. The Mandron Glacier is the second largest glacier in Italy and an important work area for glaciologists. To the east it is dominated by Monte Fumo ( 3418 m slm ), the ridge formed by the Dosson di Genova ( 3441 m slm ) and the Cresta della Croce ( 3276 m slm ) and the top of the Lobbia Alta ( 3196 m slm ).
In high alpine regions is marked not only the Massif Central, but also the eastern ridge of the group: Between Lobbia - and Laresgletscher rise Monte Carè Alto ( 3463 m slm ), Corno di CAVENTO ( 3406 m slm ) and Crozzon di Lares ( 3354 m slm ).
The south-facing ridges of the Adamello Group form the lateral boundaries of the side valleys Valle di Salarno , Valle Adame and Val di Fumo , which merges into the Val di Daone . Mountains that can be seen from afar are the Monte Re di Castello ( 2889 m slm ), the Cornone di Blumone ( 2843 m slm ) and the Monte Frerone ( 2673 m slm ).
landscape
In the western part there are numerous large reservoirs in addition to natural mountain lakes: Lago d'Aviolo (on the plateau above Edolo), Lago d'Avio and -Benedetto , Lago Baitone , the chain of lakes Lago Dosazzo , Lago di Salarno and Lago d'Arno near Val di Saviore , which cuts through the southern tip of the Adamello group, and two large lakes in the Val di Daone . Most of the natural lakes are embedded in the high alpine Karmulden: beautiful examples are the lakes Lago di Nambino and Laghi di Cornisello in the northeast , and in the central part Lago Nuovo , which was not created until the 1950s, the similarly old Lago di Lares and Lago Scuro . In the years since 2003, a new lake has been created here on the tongue of the Vedretta di Pisgana glacier . In the south, Lago Casinei is embedded in a hollow with clear karst features . Due to the geological peculiarities and the weathering resistance of the tonalite, most of the mountain figures in the northern and central parts are massive to rugged rock and ice figures. In the southern edge areas the tonalite borders directly on much older sedimentary rocks. The mountain shapes are gentler and very green. Botanical rarities can be found here ( Vandelli's saxifrage , chess flower, etc.).
history
The rock carvings of the Valcamonica on the western border of the mountain range testify to a long-lasting settlement of this region, at Saviore dell 'Adamello there is a prehistoric site with the cult site Plot Campana even within the mountain range.
Frescoes on churches in the surrounding villages are culturally significant and are mainly attributed to Simone Baschenis . The dance of death in the cemetery church of Pinzolo is famous .
In the Adamello Group you can still find numerous remains from the First World War , when the Austrian-Italian front line of the Adamello Front ran here from 1915 to 1918 . In addition to the Italian Cannone 149 on a side peak of the Cresta Croce, several guns have been restored in recent years and brought to their former positions as a memorial. On leichtesten reached two Austrian guns above the refuge Carè Alto - Dante Ongari .
Tourism and nature reserves
The mountain group is well developed with hiking trails and mountain huts. In remote valleys, bivouac boxes , often simply furnished, former alpine huts, offer protection. Only a few valleys ( Val Genova , Val Daone , Valle di Saviore ) in the interior of the mountain range are open to private traffic. Only in the northern area at Madonna di Campiglio , on the Tonale Pass and at Ponte di Legno , cable cars facilitate access to the mountains. Otherwise, the mountain area has remained a realm for experienced mountain hikers and mountaineers.
The elaborate fortifications of the high mountain front and the military trail were partially saved from slow decay and turned into the Friedensweg , which stretches for hundreds of kilometers from the Swiss border via Trento to the East Tyrolean border near Sesto . This late reconciliation project between north and south is now a popular destination for tourists and mountaineers. In the Adamello group, the Friedensweg leads east along the glacier. Some parts of the front, such as the Sentiero dei Fiore, have been repaired as (rather simple) via ferratas. Otherwise there are only a few via ferratas in the mountain group . The most difficult is the west ridge of the Corno di Grevo.
Most of the mountain range is a nature reserve : Parco regional dell'Adamello (west) and Parco naturale Adamello-Brenta (east). When setting up the protected areas, it was not always possible to replace economic uses that contradict a nature reserve. In Val Genova in the Trentino Parco Naturale Adamello-Brenta there are some stone quarries that are still sporadically being mined. In the Lombardy Parco Regionale dell 'Adamello, hydropower has been used intensively since the 1930s, long before the protected area existed.
literature
- C. Dupuy, J. Dostal, M. Fratta: Geochemistry of the Adamello Massif (Northern Italy) . In: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 80/1982. Springer-Verlag, ISSN 0010-7999 , pp. 41-48.
- H. von Lichem: Great leader Adamello, Presanella, Baitone group . Rother-Verlag, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-7633-2312-0 .
- M. and W. Rosenwirth: The most beautiful walks Adamello & Presanella . Athesia-Verlag, Bozen 2011, ISBN 978-88-8266-725-2 .
Web links
Nature parks: