Bagolino

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Bagolino
coat of arms
Bagolino (Italy)
Bagolino
Country Italy
region Lombardy
province Brescia  (BS)
Local name Bagulì
Coordinates 45 ° 50 '  N , 10 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 49 '40 "  N , 10 ° 27' 30"  E
height 778  m slm
surface 109 km²
Residents 3,807 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 35 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 25072
prefix 0365
ISTAT number 017010
Popular name Bagossi
Patron saint George (saint) ( April 23 )
Website www.comune.bagolino.bs.it

Bagolino is an Italian municipality with 3,807 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the Lombardy province of Brescia .

Location and dates

Bagolino is located in the side valley of the same name of the Val Sabbia through which the Caffaro flows , about 64 km northeast of Brescia . The municipality includes the fractions Cerreto, Ponte Caffaro and Valle Dorizzo.

The neighboring municipalities are Anfo , Bienno , Breno , Collio , Idro and Lavenone in the province of Brescia and the Trentine municipalities of Bondone , Borgo Chiese and Storo .

The municipal area consists exclusively of mountain areas and is the largest municipality in the province with an area of ​​10,969 hectares. The lowest point is Lake Idro with 368  m slm , the highest mountain peak is Monte Boia ( 2583  m slm ). The village church is located at 778  m slm , the district of Ponte Caffaro at 379  m slm

history

There are no secured documents about the origin of the place.

The name probably came from a small settlement called "Pagolinus" (Latin for small village). Most likely, there was a strategically important horse changing station at the crossroads of important roads from the valleys of Valle Camonica , Val Sabbia and Val Trompia over the passes of Croce Domini , Maniva and Berga to Brescia and Trento as early as Roman times .

In 1440 Bagolino came under the rule of Venice , which in 1441 left the area as a fief to its helpful allies, the Counts of Lodron . From then on, the struggle against the arbitrariness of the counts determined the lives of the residents. Finally, in 1472, Venice revoked the rule of the Lodron and the Bagossi regained their independence. Nevertheless, in a final act, the citizens had to defend themselves against their former liege lords and killed two of them. Venice rewarded Bagolino's loyalty, and a wealth of art and culture developed in the mountain village that one still encounters today.

Bagoss

The community archive contains statutes from 1473, which the neighborhood community ("Vicina") had imposed and which regulated life in the community. With the Serenissima Repubblica Veneta a loyalty relationship guaranteed the independence of Bagolino until the fall of the republic in 1797. In 1815 the municipality with Lombardy and Veneto fell to the Austrian Empire . The road from Anfo to Bagolino was soon built. In memory of the years of famine, this street is still called the "Hunger Street" today.

In 1807 a bridge was built over the Caffaro River. In 1823 the foundation stone for another bridge (Ponte Prada) was laid by the viceroy Rainer. In 1859 the place joined the Kingdom of Italy . On Monte Suello , between Anfo and Bagolino, Garibaldi was injured by a bullet in 1866 on his campaign in the Third Italian War of Independence, which was victorious up to the Battle of Bezzecca in the Ledro Valley .

The Italian-Austrian border ran until the end of the First World War the Caffarotals east of Ponte Caffaro on Riccomassimo the watershed. Bagolino was a border town.

The iron ore mines of Collio and S. Colombano, the abundance of beech forests as the basis for excellent charcoal and the abundant water of the Caffaro made it possible to build a smelting furnace. This furnace became the main source of the village's wealth. Together with the equally profitable cheese-making of the Bagoss, it gave the Bagossis a high standard of living. Probably because of the labor supply and the relative independence, Bagolino developed, after Brescia and Chiari , to the most populous village in the Brescia area and enjoyed privileges and prestige.

The modest prosperity of the mountain village suffered a sudden setback in 1779 when a fire broke out in a furnace below the village on the night of October 30th to 31st. Aided by strong north winds, the flames destroyed a large part of the village and claimed numerous lives. However, a rapid reconstruction followed; numerous buildings and parts of structures from this period are still original or have been reconstructed.

Worth seeing

The parish church of San Giorgio seen from the upper village
View of the place
View of the cemetery towards NE
Look at the lower part of the cemetery, in the foreground the highway that divides the cemetery into two parts and the Passo Croce Domini leads

General

The architecture of the place is characterized by a homogeneous and original architectural style and by the lack of any monumentality. This is achieved through the similarity of the building material as well as through structural and decorative elements. The frescoes with mostly religious motifs that decorate the facades of farms and houses and can also be found in many chapels along some mule paths must be mentioned as special features .

The medieval arrangement of the houses is characteristic of the place, which is grouped in a semicircle at the foot of the church. The buildings are of remarkable height and are mutually supportive. In addition, many decorative building elements can be seen in the cityscape, for example arcades, underpasses, small terraces, interior balconies, wrought-iron grids, wall frescoes, wooden attics and roof coverings made of terracotta or (less often) of slate.

The main street through the village is narrow, with cobblestone and porphyry paving , and is interrupted by numerous open stairs leading to the upper village. On the street is the stately Casa Melzi from the 16th century , which bears the fresco of the Venetian lion on its facade, including the coat of arms of Bagolino and the Count Avogadro of Concesio near Brescia. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the counts were given the task of defending the Sabbia and Trompia valleys, with the Bagossi providing considerable support. The Avogadro's prestige in Venice gave the Bagossi numerous advantages in the administration of their community. The casa was the seat of the garrison provided by the citizens of Bagolino , which at that time was under the command of the Counts Avogadro.

San Giorgio Church

From a distance you can see the baroque, Roman Catholic parish church of San Giorgio from 1636 on a hill that divides the place into the two parts of Cavril and Ösnà. The massive gable facade is decorated with simple graffiti paintings. It is only interrupted by a very simple, three-part arched window. The elegant vestibule with its seven arches gives the facade impressive fullness in the upper part and emptiness in the lower part. This design is probably due to the influence of Venice.

The wide interior is spanned by a barrel vault. Four large, semicircular windows light up the darkness on each side of the church. They correspond with the eight side chapels. Double vertical porches, arranged alternately to the chapels, visually increase the height that would otherwise be missing in a single-nave church with a barrel vault.

The church is the most important building in Bagolino. The history of the place is testified here. Due to its location and its monumental appearance, it shows how the population let their wealth flow into the building. It is the third largest church in the province of Brescia and has been referred to by many famous visitors as the "Cathedral in the Mountains".

San Lorenzo Church

The oldest religious building in the village, the Church of San Lorenzo, used to stand next to the parish church. It was originally surrounded by a cemetery and fell victim to a fire in 1918. Just six years later it was rebuilt in its current form. It houses some paintings by various 17th century artists such as Antonio Moreschi , G. Antonio Itagliani and Carlo Ridolfi (1594–1658).

Madonna delle Grazie monastery

Opposite the church square is the former Madonna delle Grazie monastery, which today houses an old people's home ( casa di riposo ). The monastery was founded in 1517 by Blessed Lucia Versaa da Lumi from Bagolino.

San Rocco Church

At the end of the village, as a counterpoint to the parish church of San Giorgio, is the Roman Catholic church of San Rocco with frescoes from the 15th century. The current church was consecrated in 1586 by Bishop Gabriele Alessandrino from Trento and is an extension of a church that was probably built after the plague epidemic of 1478.

More Attractions

  • Church of Sant 'Antonio from 1614
  • Little church "degli Adamino"
  • Old graveyard
  • Ascension Chapel in the new cemetery
  • Church of Saints Gervasio and Protasio from 1598
  • old bridge in Prada from 1807: This bridge was built by the brothers Buccio and their cousin Taddeo from Bagolino. After the construction of the Ponte Ranieri in 1823, the bridge lost its importance and fell into disrepair. The bridge was repaired in 1992 by the members of an association for the preservation of the local history " habitar in sta terra " ("living in this country"). The gorge-like abyss under the bridge and the unusual view of the newer bridge crossings up the valley are particularly worth seeing.
  • Church of San Giacomo in Caselle (9th / 10th century)

Culture

Bagolino is known for the so-called Bagoss Carnival, which is celebrated with multi-day parades and dances to the sound of the violin. The attractions of this form of folk carnival developed over centuries are the dancers, the musicians and the masks.

Parish partnership

literature

  • Walter Pippke, Ida Leinberger: Lake Garda, Verona, Trentino. Art guide. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1998, 2nd edition 2000, ISBN 3-7701-4343-4 , p. 168.
  • Anna Ferrari-Bravo, Paola Colombini: Guida d'Italia. Lombardia (esclusa Milano). Milano 1987, p. 306.
  • Lombardia - Touring club italiano, Touring Editore (1999), ISBN 88-365-1325-5 , Bagolino Online

Web links

Commons : Bagolino  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.