Alchemilla sect. Alpinae

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alchemilla sect. Alpinae
Alpine lady's mantle (Alchemilla alpina), illustration

Alpine lady's mantle ( Alchemilla alpina ), illustration

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Genre : Lady's mantle ( Alchemilla )
Section : Alchemilla sect. Alpinae
Scientific name
Alchemilla sect. Alpinae
Buser ex Camus

Alchemilla sect. Alpinae is one of the 13 European sections of the genus Lady's mantle ( Alchemilla ). Most of the species were earlier in the species groups Alchemilla vulgaris agg. and Alchemilla conjuncta agg. guided.

description

Appearance

The species in the Alpinae section are small to medium - sized subshrubs or dwarf shrubs : espalier and carpet shrubs that form dense mats. The whole plant is mostly hairy, tightly silky, often with the exception of the leaf tops. This gives the plants a silver-white sheen.

The seedlings soon form roots that are sprouting . Sometimes they branch out in the first year, their internodes are 1 to 4 millimeters long.

The main axis has few roots and is long-lived. It can have up to 20 annual rings . Even old shoot axes still form side shoots . This year's axes are two to four millimeters thick, the internodes are two to ten (rarely one to 20) millimeters long. The first summer stalk is often transformed into a long, stem-like, monopodial- two-axis innovation shoot, which is often referred to in the literature as an aboveground branch.

The stem is usually 5 to 30 (3 to 40) centimeters long. It is erect, the summer stems also ascending. It consists of four to eleven internodes until the end of flowering and is about one millimeter thick. Innovation shoots sometimes emerge from the middle stem leaf axils.

leaves

The cotyledons are circular and have a short petiole . The primary leaf is three-lobed, only rarely four- or five-lobed. The lobes are incised to about the middle, the tips are not very spreading.

The leaf blades of the basal leaves are 6 to rarely up to 10 centimeters wide. They are not translucent and densely hairy on the underside. The upper side of the leaf is mostly hairy at most on the teeth or when it is dry. Stomata can only be found on the underside of the leaf. The leaf is divided into five to nine sections that are incised to 40 to 100% of the leaf radius. The sections are two to five times as long as they are wide and have five to ten pairs of close-meshed adrenal nerves and three to 21 teeth. The tooth length is two to ten percent of the spreading radius. The petiole has a groove adaxially, at least in the dry state. Its vascular bundles are cylindrical, concentric. The abaxial is one to twice as thick as the two adaxial. The hairs on the leaf stalk are 0.5 to 1.5 millimeters long. At the base of the leaf there are three nerves that arise one to three millimeters apart and gradually and evenly converge.

The stipules are dry orange-brown and form a perennial tunic . The stipules are 15 to 30 millimeters long, which corresponds to 7 to 20% of the stem length. The ears are 3 to 6 millimeters wide. Most of the time they have margins or are briefly two-lobed, otherwise with entire margins. They are strongly eyelashed and have silky hair on the outside, at least on the main nerve. The two ears are almost completely fused together. The tips of the stipules are not herbaceous. The incision is only 0 to 2 millimeters long, a maximum of 7% of the total length.

The stem leaves are much smaller than the basal leaves. The stipules on the lower stem leaf are erect to erect-sickle. They have up to four teeth, the ears are practically always fused. On the uppermost stem leaf, the two to eight teeth are enlarged towards the base of the leaf. The bracts are incised to 17 to 80%, their tips are 0.3 to 0.4 times as long as wide.

Inflorescence and flowers

The inflorescence consists of 50 to 300 flowers, rarely only 20. The partial inflorescences are lined up on the branches pseudo-eared. They are usually spherical and represent a crowded coil or a sham umbilicus. In the Monochasium , the flowers are often approached in pairs.

The fruit stalks nod frequently. In some species all flower bracts, as have bracts are to address the following upward branch system and not as a cover pages of single flowers.

The flowers are densely silky on the outside. Their color is yellow-green to yellow, rarely red. They are four-fold, the top flowers are quite often three-fold. The ripe goblet is pear-shaped to spherical and constricted at the top, slightly pointed at the bottom. The sepals are once or twice as long as they are wide, and half as long to 1.25 times as long as the sepal cup. Often they are convex or concave, bent back or tilted together. The outer sepals are one to three-veined, rarely silky on the upper side. They are 0.2 to 0.6 times as long as the sepals, 0.2 to 0.7 times as long as the sepals and 0.1 to 0.3 times as wide as these.

The stamens are spreading, 0.2 to 0.7 millimeters long, 0.06 to 0.1 millimeters wide, the approach is somewhat broader. The disc is circular, the bulge is wider than the opening. There is a carpel , the stigma hemispherical to spherical or head-shaped. It is 0.1 to 0.33 millimeters wide.

The nuts are smooth, round with a short and pointed beak. There is some silk hair on the back. The nut does not come out of the goblet, a maximum of 40%. The fruiting flowers break off easily.

Chromosomes

The chromosomes are spherical to ovoid, in any case never constricted.

ecology

The flowering time is June to October, the flowering begins about two to four weeks after the peach . It usually takes 10 to 16 (rarely only eight) weeks from anthesis to fruit ripeness. In the montane altitude there are two blooming sequences per year. The innovation shoots are formed after the first bloom.

Distribution and locations

The species of the Alpinae section occur in the high mountains of southern Europe: Iberian Peninsula , Pyrenees , Alps , Apennines , Corsica and the Dalmatian Mountains. Also possibly in Turkey , the Caucasus and as far as northern Iran . It is also found in north-western Europe to Northeast America.

The plants grow in crevices, on dormant rubble, as well as in alpine and subalpine mats. There are limestone, calciferous and calciferous species. There are no hygrophilic species in the section .

Systematics

The Alpinae section is one of the four basic sections of the European Alchemilles, from which the remaining sections have emerged through hybridization.

The assignment of the species to the section follows Fröhner (1995), with changes to the section assignment and new species from Fischer (2008) being adopted. The Central European species are:

Hoppe's lady's mantle ( Alchemilla hoppeana )

The section can also be further divided into the series Saxatiles and the series Hoppeanae .

supporting documents

Unless specified under individual evidence, the article is based on the following documents:

  • Sigurd Fröhner: Alchemilla . In: Hans. J. Conert et al. a. (Ed.): Gustav Hegi. Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume 4 Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3). Rosaceae 2 . Blackwell 1995, ISBN 3-8263-2533-8 , pp. 216f.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 489 .

Web links