Ambrosian
Ambrosianer ( Latin : Fratres S. Ambrosii ) are religious orders that focus on St. Ambrosius of Milan appointed as patron saint . They used the " Ambrosian song " and celebrated the " Ambrosian rite ". The doctor of the church Ambrose himself was not an original founder of the order .
Origins of the Order of Ambrosius
In the 14th century, three noble Milanese founded a community of hermits . Later some priests joined them . The hermits received from Pope Gregory XI. (1370–1378) received permission to live according to the rules of Augustine and to celebrate Holy Mass according to the Ambrosian rite. They were given the name "Fratres Sancti Ambrosii ad Nemus" ( de .: Ambrosiusbrüder vom Walde ). Her costume consisted of a tunic and a brown scapular with a brown hood . The Brotherhood chose a superior as spiritual director who was responsible to the Archbishop of Milan . The priests belonging to the community were not allowed to accept public or church offices, they were active as preachers and held the services in the Ambrosian rite. In the period that followed, further monastery settlements emerged, but they did not commit themselves to any formal commitment. In 1441 the community was raised to a congregation by Pope Eugene IV (1431–1447) . In the first half of the 15th century, a female branch was also established in Varese near Milan . Saint Charles Borromeo , as Archbishop of Milan , reformed and reorganized the Ambrosian religious orders in 1579 in order to use them for pastoral care and poor relief. In the course of the reorganization in 1589, Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) incorporated the Congregation of the Brothers of Saint Barnabas . The reorganization was completed in 1606 and recognized under canon law by Pope Paul V (1605–1621) . The congregation was divided into four provinces , a superior general was elected, new monasteries were established and a new constitution was issued. Despite some good general superiors and the high level of awareness of the monks, Pope Innocent X (1644–1655) decided in 1650 to dissolve the religious community.
The wafers
During the great plague in Milan, Borromeo also brought the "Oblates of St. Ambrose" into being in 1578. With great foresight he founded this congregation so that the pilgrims , the sick and those in need could be cared for and looked after. The religious order was reactivated in the 19th century and was able to expand in the Kingdom of Great Britain , for example .
(See main article: Oblates of Saints Ambrose and Charles )
Ambrosians outside Italy
Following the example of Karl Borromeo, Bishop Louis-Édouard-François-Désiré Cardinal Pie of Poitiers and Bishop Konrad Martin of Paderborn founded new priestly communities based on the model of the Ambrosius Oblates. While Bishop Pie gave the order the name “ Oblates of St. Hilary of Poitiers ” , Bishop Martin gave the Paderborn congregation the name “ Priest of Mary ” .
The best known religious order of Ambrosian style were the "Oblates of St. Carl “- named after Karl Borromeo - in London . The foundation was initiated by Cardinal Wiseman and implemented by Cardinal Henry Edward Manning . The Institute of Consecrated Life according to diocesan law was closely based on the rules of the Order, which St. Karl had been designed. The Holy See approved the religious community in 1857 and confirmed it and the rules of the order in 1877. The Oblates of St. Charles in Bayswater and although opposing forces opposed the new order, Archbishop Manning and the subsequent Archbishops of Westminster succeeded in promoting the work and consolidating the existence. Under Manning's direction, an elementary school, a high school and the College of St. Charles were founded in London. In 1861 Pope Pius IX. (1846–1878) opened the new house of the Pontifical English College in Rome and in 1867 appointed the first Oblate of St. Karl to the rector.
Louis-Édouard-François-Désiré Cardinal Pie
Nicholas Patrick Stephen Cardinal Wiseman
Henry Edward Cardinal Manning
Ambrosians
Already in 1408 three young women had Pavia the cloistered founded the Sisters of the Annunciation of Mary. They were also known as the Sisters of St. Marcellina known and maintained several monasteries that were scattered in the territory of Lombardy and Veneto . Pope Pius V (1566–1572) united the communities and placed them under the Augustinian rule. The mother house , run by a prioress , was built in Pavia. St. Catherine of Genoa grew out of this Ambrosian congregation .
The first Ambrosian women wore the same brown habit as the Ambrosian men, their statutes were similar to the male order and they also practiced the Ambrosian rite. In 1474 they received their license to practice medicine from Pope Sixtus IV (1471–1484) and founded their first monastery on the summit of the Sacro Monte di Varese ; Their greatest sponsor - as with all the Ambrosian religious orders - was St. Charles Borromeo . The blessed founder of the order, Katharina Moriggi , lived on the Sacro Monte di Varese, St. Katarina von Pallanza (~ 1437–1478), Blessed Juliana Puricelli (1427–1501), Benedetta Bimia and Lucia Alciata . The order of the Ambrosian Sisters expired in 1540.
literature
- Carl Andresen / Georg Denzler , Dictionary of Church History - Ambrosianer , dtv , Munich , May 1982, ISBN 3-423-03245-6
Web links
- New Advent: Encyclopedia - Ambrosians (English)
- Carlo Borromeo (foundation of the order) - entry in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
- Ambrose of Milan - entry in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
Individual evidence
- ↑ St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College ( Online ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , English )
- ↑ St. Marcellina (* 330–335; † around 398) was a consecrated virgin and the sister of the church father of Ambrose
- ↑ Historisk persongalleri. Retrieved August 24, 2018 (Norwegian).
- ^ Martyrologium Romanum - Flori-Legium: August 15 - Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints. Retrieved August 24, 2018 .
