Anatoly Wassiljewitsch Nikolajew

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Anatoly Vasilyevich Nikolayev ( Russian Анатолий Васильевич Николаев ; born November 14, jul. / 27. November  1902 greg. In Orenburg ; † 13. February 1977 in Novosibirsk ) was a Russian chemist and university lecturer .

Life

After attending secondary school in Orenburg, Nikolayev studied during the Russian Civil War at the Tauride University in Crimea from 1920–1922, before completing his degree in 1924 as a physical chemist at the University of Leningrad in the natural history department . During his studies he worked as a laboratory assistant in the metallography laboratory of Zavod Krasny Putilovets (Red Putilov plant) . After graduation, he worked in the Leningrad Accumulator Trust , in the mining metallurgical laboratory of the Supreme Council for National Economy and from 1926 in the special commission for the investigation of the productive forces of the RSFSR .

1927–1934 Nikolayev was on the recommendation of Alexander Evgenjewitsch Fersman , Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky and Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kurnakows chief of the Kulunda Steppe expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)), the results of which led to the establishment of the Kutschuk- important sulphate - Combine led.

From 1934 Nikolayev worked in the new Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry of the AN-SSSR in Moscow in the Department of Salt Equilibria . As early as 1935 he published his own monograph on the Kulunda salt lakes , in which he described his theory of sulphate accumulation in river water and the formation of Inderbor borates and with which he received his doctorate in 1936 as a candidate in chemical sciences without defending a dissertation . With his physical and chemical investigation of natural borates, he received his doctorate in chemical sciences in 1941 .

During the German-Soviet War Nikolayev researched the formation of protective films on salts. Based on his results, special underground storage tanks for water , gasoline and petroleum products were created.

After the war, Nikolayev turned to radiochemistry problems . From 1944–1958 he was professor at the Moscow Chemical-Technical Dmitri Mendeleev Institute and from 1945–1954 professor at the Moscow Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin Institute for non-ferrous metals and gold . During this time Nikolayev came into closer contact with Mikhail Alexejewitsch Lavrentjew , who accepted him into his "  Siberia Command".

In 1957 Nikolayev went to Novosibirsk and became director of the new Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Department (SO) of the AN-SSSR. There he organized the physico-chemical laboratories and the department for semiconductors , which later became the department for microelectronic materials . In 1958 he was elected a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. 1958-1963 he was chairman of the combined scientific council for chemical sciences of the SO of the AN-SSSR. 1960–1963 he headed the chair for analytical chemistry and then for radiochemistry at the Novosibirsk State University (NGU). Nikolayev then founded and headed the Scientific Council on Extraction Processes at the State Committee on Science and Technology at the Council of Ministers of the USSR . He was also vice chairman of the Scientific Council for Hydrometallurgy . In 1966 he was elected a full member of the AN-SSSR.

Nikolayev participated in the development of science and industry in the country. He was chairman of the commission of the SO of the AN-SSSR for the exploration of salt deposits in Siberia and the Far East . 1967–1968 he organized two expeditions of his Institute for Inorganic Chemistry to the salt regions of the southern Altai and eastern Kazakhstan . He dealt with problems in the nuclear industry . He developed volatile compounds of hafnium and zirconium on the basis of boron . He organized the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology in Krasnoyarsk and a chemistry department in Kemerovo . He was co-editor of the international Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry .

In his last years Nikolayev turned to the synthesis of new inorganic materials and particularly pure substances. He developed processes for the production of inorganic fluorides , noble metal fluorides and coordination compounds . He was a pioneer in the development of fully automated systems for thermal analysis and worked with Ernő Pungor in Budapest and W. Sotava in Czechoslovakia . Nikolayev was the author or co-author of a large number of publications.

The Institute of Inorganic Chemistry in Novosibirsk bears Nikolayev's name.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: НИКОЛА́ЕВ Анатолий Васильевич (accessed April 29, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c RAN: Николаев Анатолий Васильевич (accessed April 29, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Галерея русских химиков: Николаев Анатолий Васильевич (accessed April 29, 2019).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f АКАДЕМИК АНАТОЛИЙ ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧ НИКОЛАЕВ (accessed April 29, 2019).
  5. ^ Protective Films on Salts. Symposium edited by Prof. AV Nikolaev . Acad. Sci. USSR Press, 1944.
  6. ↑ Math-Net.Ru: Nikolaev, Anatolii Vasil'evich (accessed on 29 April 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Nikolajew, Anatoly Wassiljewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Николаев, Анатолий Васильевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 27, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Orenburg
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1977
Place of death Novosibirsk