Andrei Ivanovich Jerjomenko

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Andrei Ivanovich Jerjomenko, 1944

Andrei Ivanovich Eremenko , some other translational Yeremenko ( Russian Андрей Иванович Ерёменко , scientific. Transliteration Andrei Ivanovich Eremenko ; born October 2 . Jul / 14. October  1892 greg. In Markowka , Kharkov Governorate , Russian Empire , now Luhansk Oblast , Ukraine ; † November 19, 1970 in Moscow ) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and military theorist.

biography

Yeremenko when he was younger

In the army since 1913, he fought in the Southwest during World War I. From 1917 he was a sergeant in the Red Army . In the Russian Civil War he was adjutant to the commander of a cavalry regiment and chief of staff of a cavalry brigade. From 1919 to 1938 he had various commands in the 14th Cavalry Division. After the civil war he studied at higher cavalry schools in Leningrad (diploma in 1923 and 1925). From 1925 he was chief of staff and from 1929 commander of a cavalry regiment or a division. He was the commander of a cavalry and a mechanized corps and from 1940 as the commander of the 1st Red Army . In 1935 he graduated from the "MW Frunze" military academy .

In the “ Great Patriotic War ” he was Commander-in-Chief on various fronts, most recently he commanded the 4th Ukrainian Front . At the beginning of the war he was stationed in the Far East and was ordered to Moscow immediately when the war broke out. After a week's journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway, he was taken off the train and flown to Moscow in a bomber. He was supposed to replace Army General Pavlov , who was later executed , in order to save the desolate Western Front . The simple order was to stop the German advance. The difficulty of this task was immense, since by this point the front line command had already lost track of the situation. So he issued orders and reckoned with divisions and regiments that had long since been wiped out or taken prisoner.

In autumn 1941 he was given command of the Brjansk Front . After the defeat in the Battle of Uman , Stalin disbanded the central front without further ado and assigned the remaining divisions to the defense of Moscow to Yeryomenko. He was able to build a strong defensive bar with it. However, Hitler now swung his armies south to encircle Ukraine. "Our hope ... (push to Moscow) ... was not fulfilled," wrote Jerjomenko later in his memoir. After the victorious battle for Kiev , the Wehrmacht again succeeded in bypassing the defensive positions it had built up in a cleverly designed double-boiler battle and largely destroying the troops.

Yeryomenko was wounded in January 1942 while commanding the 4th Shock Army . After his recovery he took over the Southeast Front in August 1942 , later renamed the Stalingrad Front or South Front , with which he participated in the Battle of Stalingrad . After its victorious end, in early 1943 he was given command of the Kalinin Front , with which he was involved in the Smolensk Operation . After a brief assignment as commander of the Independent Coastal Army , he returned to the northern part of the front in April 1944, where he took over the 2nd Baltic Front . With this he took part in the Reshiza-Dvinsk Operation in the summer and in the Baltic Operation in the fall . At the end of March 1945, Jerjomenko received command of the 4th Ukrainian Front , with which he was involved in the liberation of Czechoslovakia .

From July 1945 he commanded the military district Carpathians, from October 1946 Military District West Siberia, from November 1953 Military District North Caucasus. From May 1958 he worked in the group of inspectors general of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Since 1918 a member of the KPR or the CPSU , he was a candidate for the Central Committee of the CPSU from 1959 to 1970. In the Supreme Soviet of the USSR he was a deputy in the 2nd to 8th legislative period.

In 1955 he was appointed Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1970 he retired from military service. After his death, his urn was buried on the Kremlin wall in Moscow.

Honors

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literature

Web links

Commons : Andrei Yeryomenko  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Jerjomenko, Andrei Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ерёменко, Андрей Иванович (Russian); Erëmenko, Andrej Ivanovič; Yeremenko
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Marshal of the Soviet Union and military theorist
DATE OF BIRTH October 14, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Markovka
DATE OF DEATH November 19, 1970
Place of death Moscow