Kirill Semjonowitsch Moskalenko

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Kirill Semjonowitsch Moskalenko

Kirill Moskalenko ( Russian Кирилл Семёнович Москаленко ., Scientific transliteration Kirill Semenovic Moskalenko * April 28 jul. / 11. May  1902 greg. In Grichino , District Bachmut , yekaterinoslav governorate , Russian empire ; † 17th June 1985 in Moscow , USSR ) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union .

Life

Moskalenko was born as the son of an impoverished smallholder in Grischino, today's Hryschyne near Pokrovsk in Pokrovsk district of the Ukrainian Donetsk Oblast . When Moskalenko was nine years old, his father died. With that he became the head and breadwinner of the family. Nevertheless, he continued to study and completed both the four-class village school and the 5th and 6th grade of the ministral school with honors. In 1917 he began studying at the agricultural school in Jama. In 1919 he worked on behalf of the Revolutionary Committee in the procurement of food and other tasks.

Early military career

In 1920 he became a member of the Komsomol and shortly afterwards joined the Red Army . He served in the 1st Cavalry Army and was delegated to Lugansk in December 1920 for a commanding course. After the course participants had been deployed at the front, he was sent to the 5th Artillery School in Kharkov in February 1921 . In 1922 he passed the exams with distinction and was transferred to the mounted artillery division of the 6th Chongarsk Cavalry Division of the 1st Red Cavalry Army as platoon leader . His last frontline deployment in the civil war included fighting against Prince Jentemirov's units in the North Caucasus.

In 1923 Moskalenko became a candidate and in 1926 a member of the CPSU . In 1924 he became battery chief and in 1927 he began a training course for commanders in Detskoye Selo . In 1930 he became commander of the training battery, then a department and chief of staff of a regiment. In 1932, as chief of staff of a regiment, he received a transfer to the 1st Special Cavalry Division of the 1st (Far Eastern) Red Banner Army . In 1934, Moskalenko became regimental commander. In 1935 he rose to the rank of brigade commander , in 1935 to regimental commander in the 23rd tank brigade, in autumn 1936 of the 45th mechanized corps of the Kiev military district. In 1938 he graduated from the military academy "Dzierzynski" in Leningrad, the training at the faculty for higher commanders.

He then served as the head of the artillery of the 51st Perekoper Division in the Odessa military district and in the Soviet-Finnish War , the XXV. Rifle Corps in Kishinev and the II Mechanized Corps in Tiraspol . On June 4, 1940, he was appointed major general .

In the German-Soviet War

He started the Great Patriotic War in June 1941 as commander of the 1st anti-tank brigade, which was deployed in the Lutsk area. In September 1941, Moskalenko took over command of the 15th Rifle Corps of the 5th Army and fought his way back to Piyatin via Chernigov and Nischin during the Battle of Kiev . In autumn 1941 he took over a mechanical cavalry group in the area of ​​the 13th Army in the Liwny area . In the days of the Soviet counterattacks off Moscow in December 1941, his units took part in the retaking of Yelets . In the same month he was in the Southwest Front deputy and temporary commander of the room Kupyansk standing 6th Army , with which he in the Battle of Kharkov the liberation of the cities Isjum and Lozovaja reached. On 12 February 1942 he took command of the 6th Cavalry Corps from March to July 1942 he was commander of the south in the room Volchansk standing 38th Army . After its renaming in July 1942, he commanded the first formation of the 1st Panzer Army , which took part in the Kesselschlacht near Kalatsch in August 1942 . In August 1942 he took command of the 1st Guard Army , which was involved in the Battle of Stalingrad until October 1942 .

In October 1942 he was given command of the 40th Army, which in the spring of 1943 was instrumental in the success of the Ostrogoschsk-Rossosher and Voronezh-Kastornoye operations . He then took part in the first liberation of Kharkov (February 1943) and the Battle of Kursk (July 1943). By decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , he was honored with the title Hero of the Soviet Union on October 23, 1943 for the construction of the Lyutescher bridgehead on the western bank of the Dnieper . From October 1943 until the end of the war he was again in command of the 38th Army. In the association of the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts , Moskalenko's troops were significantly involved in the liberation of Kiev (November 6, 1943), in the offensive between Zhitomir and Berdischew , in the Proskurov and the Lviv-Sandomierz operation .

On January 19, 1943, he became a lieutenant general , and on 19 September 1943, Colonel General transported. As part of the 4th Ukrainian Front , his army fought in the western Carpathians in 1944 (breakthrough on the Duklapass ) and ended the war in 1945 during the Prague operation in the Ostrava area in Moravia .

post war period

Moskalenko as Marshal of the Soviet Union

After the war he was Commander in Chief of the Moscow Air Defense District and from August 3, 1953 in the rank of Army General Commander in Chief of the Moscow Military District. On March 11, 1955, he was appointed Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1960 he became commander in chief of the missile troops and in 1962 deputy minister of defense.

Awards (selection)

literature

  • Klaus Dorst, Birgit Hoffmann: Small Lexicon of Soviet Armed Forces . 1st edition, Military Publishing House of the GDR, 1987.

Web links

Commons : Kirill Semjonowitsch Moskalenko  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Moskalenko, Kirill Semyonovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Москаленко, Кирилл Семёнович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian military, Marshal of the Soviet Union
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Grischino , Yekaterinoslav Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH June 17, 1985
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union