Antique collections of the University of Jena

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Antikensammlung der Universität Jena , formerly also the Archaeological Museum , is an academic teaching collection of several sub- collections from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena in the field of classical archeology , which is now part of the Institute for Classical Studies at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena .

history

19th century

Göttling in a drawing by Carl Schenk (1858)

The beginnings of the Jena Antikensammlung are related to the work of the classical philologist Karl Wilhelm Göttling . Ever since he began teaching as an associate professor in Jena from 1822, he also included the archaeological remains in his teaching. During a trip to Rome in 1828, he made many contacts, for example with the Roman Hyperboreans . First attempts to build up a collection of antiquities after his return failed due to cost reasons due to an objection by the responsible minister, Goethe . It was not until 1846 that Göttling, meanwhile a full professor, secret councilor and head of the university library, had success with his advances. The development corresponded less to an insight into the usefulness of such a collection than to a generally changed view of the archaeological remains and their inclusion in academic teaching. As a university, Jena was in competition with other German universities. In Göttingen there were first approaches to a university collection of antiquities since Christian Gottlob Heyne's work at the end of the 18th century, in Bonn the first exhibits were transferred to the Academic Art Museum in 1820 . At the same time, Classical Archeology began to break away from Classical Philology as an independent subject.

On October 2, 1846, the Archaeological Museum was opened in a hall of the Jena City Palace; further floors housed a mineralogical and a zoological museum. The date was set for the ninth annual meeting of the Association of German Philologists and School Men taking place in Jena , which provided the perfect setting for the opening. In addition to Göttling, the geologist Carl Gustav Schueler is considered to be the driving force behind the opening, who showed great archaeological interest despite the different subject. He had toured many regions of antiquity and in the process put together a private collection that he wanted to make available for the new museum. To mark the opening, Göttling wrote a first catalog that comprised 70 numbers and that still clearly shows the profile of the collection at that time. A large part of the pieces was donated especially for the opening of the museum. These included over 30 ancient Egyptian objects from the estate of Friedrich Batsch and ten objects from the possession of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. In addition to the originals - as was common in the 19th century - the casts of ancient sculptures were the actual central topic of the collection. These were also largely financed by donations. In the year before it was founded, Göttling initiated the so-called Academic Rose Lectures , named after the event room, the Rose Hall. At these, capacities from various disciplines - mostly newly appointed university professors - held public lectures, from the proceeds of which the collection could be expanded. This tradition continued until the First World War . Through such events, the museum became a center of Jena’s educated bourgeoisie and social life beyond the academic framework. The joint management of the museum by Göttling and Schueler came to an end after a falling out between the two men in July 1849; Schueler left the museum management.

Giampietro Campana before 1859

Unlike many other university collections of the time, Jena received a significant number of original objects from ancient cabaret, especially in its early days. Just a few days after opening, the collection received an extensive donation from Duke Joseph von Sachsen-Altenburg . The pieces mediated by Emil Braun , which were sent together with those for the Bernhard von Lindenaus Collection , today in the Lindenau Museum in Altenburg , were actually supposed to be shown at the opening of the museum, but did not arrive in time for the opening. This collection, comprising almost 200 numbers - including 170 antique originals - came from the former property of Giampietro Campana . He had given these pieces to Duke Joseph because he received the Commander's Cross 2nd Class, the third highest degree of the Saxon-Ernestine House Order, and thereby prestige and the associated social position in Italy. In addition to books and graphic works, the university's museum received 63 antique vases, 12 Campana reliefs - some of them as casts or very much supplemented - as well as copies of Etruscan tomb paintings in original size, including the Tomba Campana from Veji . Especially the pieces from the Campanas collection, which were often not the focus of scientific interest at the time, such as objects of serial production, ensured a comparatively modern orientation of Jena archeology at the time.

Both areas of the collection - the cast collection and the original collection - were systematically expanded by Göttling in the period that followed. In 1852 he traveled to Greece. He bought both casts, such as Apollo von Tenea , and originals, such as bronze votives in Olympia . Here too, Göttling was once again at the forefront of international developments, which, in the course of the increased number of large excavations in the eastern Mediterranean , turned towards Greek originals. The acquisition of a largely coherent group of fragmented shards, which was initially not given special attention and was acquired primarily as objects of study for teaching, is of outstanding importance. It was one of only three known workshop finds from Athens. In addition, he could be assigned to one of the last important bowl painters of the Attic red-figure style , who is called the Jena painter after the current location of the broken pieces . Until it was processed by John D. Beazley , this complex of finds remained largely unknown outside of Jena.

Göttling's successors continue the expansion policy. Both the cast collection and the original collection grew rapidly. By the end of the century, almost all of the important cultural landscapes and types of material from antiquity were present in the Jena collection.

20th century

Botho Graef around 1909

Between 1904 and 1908, the museum was able to move into larger rooms next to the auditorium in the newly constructed main building of the university, which speaks for the great importance of archeology. While the focus in the 19th century was on expanding the cast collection - it comprised 604 objects in 1938 - Ferdinand Noack and his successor Botho Graef (1904–1917) had been appointed since the appointment of the first professor of classical archeology in 1899 Focus on expanding the original collection. At this time, when new epochs, in particular the early Greek period through the Minoan culture and the Mycenaean culture , came into focus, the Jena archaeologists were also interested in corresponding pieces for the collection. In 1902 the museum received a set of the Schliemann doubles . After the First World War , it also became more difficult for the Jena collection to obtain the funds for expansion, which is why the growth was mainly due to private donations. In 1940 the museum received the collection of antique lamps from the businessman Otto Wohlberedt. During the Second World War , the museum had to be closed and the objects relocated because the space was needed for other purposes. All in all, the collection survived the war as one of the few German collections of this kind largely unscathed, damaged items were quickly restored after the war.

The museum was able to reopen on May 22, 1950, but the cabaret collection continued to be displayed in insufficient, cramped and unsecured conditions in the institute's premises and was stored in stores from 1969. Although this part of the collection was no longer publicly accessible for more than 60 years and could only be used to a limited extent for academic teaching, it sporadically received noteworthy growth. This included a series of Syro-Palestinian glasses in 1961, which could be taken over from the FEG Reblings estate. Due to specializations and restructuring of the collection, the Weimar City Museum transferred its collection of Roman ceramics and antique lamps to Jena in 1982/83; other objects were taken over from the Heidecksburg Castle Museum in Rudolstadt . The museum was closed in 1962 and the rooms were given new uses. The casts were shown in the Schlosskirche in Sondershausen until 1983 , after which they were passed on there due to lack of space and stored in the basement of the Pergamon Museum in Berlin.

Since 1996, on the initiative of Ordinaria Angelika Geyer, appointed in 1993, individual pieces have been restored and returned. They were installed primarily in the foyer of the lecture hall building on the campus at Carl-Zeiss-Straße 3, and occasionally in other university buildings. Since 1996, parts of the original collection have been shown successively in special exhibitions in the Jena City Museum , above all an exhibition with the works of the Jena painter .

21st century

In 2004, a support association for the antiquities collection with the name Thiasos was founded. The development of the collection also picked up speed after Geyer's appointment. In 2011 the first volume with pieces from the Jena collection was published as part of the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum Germany . Efforts to find a permanent location for the exhibition of all parts of the collection remained unsuccessful for a long time, despite various ideas. It was not until 2010 that the former Carl Zeiss factory was found to be a reasonably suitable place to set up a collection of casts and originals. In the meantime, this became all the more urgent as the collection was promised a noteworthy permanent loan. The new premises were partially renovated at great expense. In December 2010 the objects could be transferred. In the following spring, several permanent loans were integrated, which for the first time also included a few large-format antique originals. In addition, the remaining casts from Berlin could be brought back to Jena on permanent loan, but a large part of them are still on display in other buildings of the university. After the Institute for Classical Archeology, including the associated Chair for Classical Archeology , moved into its new building, the Schwarz'sche Haus , in April 2018 , there is another area available for special exhibitions on the ground floor and basement.

Stocks

Collection of antique cabaret

Since the opening of the permanent exhibition area at the beginning of the 2010s, the original collection has been made appropriately accessible again for the first time since the Museum of Antiquities was closed, but there is no regular public transport with fixed opening times.

To a large extent, the collection has the typical character of a university teaching collection on classical antiquity in Germany. The focus is on cabaret with objects made of ceramics, glass and bronze. Thanks to a permanent loan of almost 60 pieces from Switzerland, there are also a few pieces of the large sculpture and a stone sarcophagus. In addition to pieces from the classical, Greco-Roman, antiquity, the collection also has a number of ancient Egyptian objects, including mummy masks, parts of mummies and other items that were directly related to the funeral rites. There are also individual pieces from other neighboring and predecessor cultures, including various Cypriot board idols .

The most important part of the Greek ceramics collection is the workshop find, which was named after the central master of the workshop of John D. Beazley as the “workshop of the Jena painter”. This painter in turn received his emergency name " Jena painter " after the works of the Jena collection. Works by the less important painters in this workshop, the Q-Painter and the Diomedes-Painter , also belong to the Jena collection, which mainly consists of shell fragments, from which whole shells could be reconstructed.

The following pieces of the ceramics of other masters, workshops, regions and epochs should be mentioned: a fragment from the environment of the Lysippides painter , a white-ground lekythos by the Tymbos painter , a bell crater from the Asteas workshop, two olpen by the painter from Vatican G. 49 , a Amphora the Praxias group , a cup crater fragment in the type of Meidias painter , a mittelkorinthische cup Gorgoneion group , two neck amphorae the painter of Villa Giulia M 482 , a Corinthian aryballos the group Munich siren , a Corinthian Alabastron from the workshop of the Boread group , a bowl from the circle of the Andokides group , a neck aphora from the three-line group depicting the desecration of Kassandra and a hydria by the painter from Munich in 1410 . In addition to the pieces from the Jena painter's workshop , a black-figure abdominal amphora attributed to Sophilos with the depiction of two sirens facing each other is probably the most important piece in the field of vases. In addition to the painters around the Jena painter, the collection has another name vase with the black-figure oinochoe by the Attic painter of Jena Kaineus . For example, an Attic black-figure neck amphora depicting Heracles and Nereus has not yet been assigned to any painter. The most important object from Geometric times is a horse pyxis with two horses on the lid.

The collection from Etruria has other vases . Jena also owns various pieces of coroplasty, Boeotian board idols and Roman clay lamps. From the formerly important collection of more than ten Campana reliefs , only an almost complete piece and a few fragments have survived. The most important pieces in the field of bronzes include a statuette of Hercules and a Corinthian-style helmet . The collection also has a reconstruction of hoplite equipment from classical times (late 5th, early 4th century BC). In the course of the restructuring of the GDR museums in the 1980s, a significant number of Roman glasses could be taken over from another museum. The pieces of the small sculpture include a torso of an Amazon, probably from the 1st / 2nd centuries. Century.

Collection of casts of ancient plastic

After the last pieces of the once so large and important cast collection with more than 600 objects were moved from the Schlosskirche Sondershausen to the warehouse of the Berlin Pergamon Museum in 1983, these pieces disappeared from the public consciousness. With the transfer they also became the property of the Pergamon Museum. Since 1996 objects have been returned to Jena as permanent loans with the support of the Staatliche Museen Berlin / Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz. In 2011, the large number of 284 was finally brought back to Jena. There is no coherent exhibition space for them here. They are exhibited in various locations, including on the new campus on Ernst-Abbe-Platz, in the main university building on Fürstengraben, in the Großer Rosensaal, in the university sports center, in the Antikensammlung Carl-Pulfrich-Straße 2 and in the Lobeda Clinic .

The cast collection includes pieces from pre-ancient Mediterranean cultures to late ancient times . The focus is on pieces from the Greek classical period . Large statues, casts of reliefs and portraits are predominant.

Academic Coin Cabinet

The Münzkabinett's own collection of more than 1000 pieces, designed as a teaching collection, includes coins from Greco-Roman antiquity as well as from the Middle Ages, and was largely collected between 1846 and 1920. The focus is clearly on Roman coins from the Republic to late antiquity (from the 3rd century BC to the 6th century AD).

The greater part of the collection is on permanent loan from the Klassik Stiftung Weimar . This representative sub-collection includes over 4000 pieces from all epochs of the Roman Empire, which the Prussian Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt († 1845) collected in the first half of the 19th century.

Other collections

Classical archeology at the University of Jena has several other collections, but these do not fall directly into the area of ​​the antique collections. On the one hand, there is the collection of historical slides and photos that has been compiled since 1846, and on the other hand, the Dr. Windfeld-Hansen Archive with the estate of the building researcher Hemming Windfeld-Hansen , who brought together a large collection of materials on monuments from Roman times and late antiquity.

In addition, there are other ancient and archaeological special collections at the university, some of which also contain objects that belong to the research area of ​​classical archeology:

Exhibitions

Until the creation of a dedicated exhibition space in 2018, exhibitions were mostly carried out with partners outside the university.

  • 1996: The Jena painter. A pottery workshop in classical Athens
  • 1999: Mediterranean art landscapes in the collection of ancient cabarets at Friedrich Schiller University Jena
  • 2005: Moneta Augusti. Roman coins from the Imperial Era and Late Antiquity in the Academic Coin Cabinet of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena. The Schmidt collection of the Weimar Classic Foundation and art collections and own holdings
  • 2011: Herakles & Co. Gods and Heroes in Ancient Greece
  • 2012: Egypt. Unknown treasures from Thuringian collections
  • 2014: The way to the underworld. Death and burial in antiquity
  • 2016: From Olympus to Brocken - Herakles and Co. in Nordhausen
  • 2016: Discoveries in the land of the Golden Fleece. Archaeological finds from Georgia in Jena
  • 2016: On the way to antiquity. Jena travelers on the Mediterranean - the Mediterranean in travel pictures. Historical photographs from the collection of the Chair of Classical Archeology at Friedrich Schiller University Jena
  • 2018: crooks, patrons and scholars. Donation from Marchese Giovanni Pietro Campana in 1846
  • 2019: parallel worlds. Bronze Age in the Mediterranean and Central Germany.
  • 2019: children! Olympus is calling!

Employee

The management of the museum has been linked to the holder of the professorship since the Archaeological Institute was founded. Due to the amount of work, since the new conception of the university after the fall of the Wall, a curatorial position for practical supervision has now been provided.

ladder

1846–1849 with Carl Gustav Schueler

Curators

Publications

Exhibition catalogs

  • Chair for Classical Archeology at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (editor): The Jena painter. A pottery workshop in classical Athens. An exhibition by the Chair of Classical Archeology at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena in collaboration with the Göhre City Museum in Jena. Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden 1996, ISBN 3-88226-864-6 .
  • Diverse: Herakles & Co. Gods and heroes in ancient Greece. Ancient art from the collections of the universities of Jena and Giessen. (= Akamas. Works on Classical Archeology - Messages from the Collection of Antiquities of the Justus Liebig University in Giessen. Volume 6). Inst. For Classical Studies and Antique Collection of the Justus Liebig University, Giessen 2010, ISBN 978-3-942259-02-6 .
  • Dennis Graen (editor): Egypt, unknown treasures from Thuringian collections. Catalog for the exhibition in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History of Thuringia, Weimar (June 27 - August 24, 2012). (= Contributions from the collections of the University of Jena. Volume 1). Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 2012, ISBN 978-3-9814576-6-7 .
  • Eva Winter (editor): crook, patron and scholar. The donation of Marchese Giovanni Pietro Campana from 1846. (= contributions from the collections of the University of Jena. Volume 4). Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 2018, ISBN 978-3-9818697-5-0 .

Jena booklets on classical archeology

  1. Angelika Geyer (editor): Casts from the former Archaeological Museum of the Friedrich Schiller University I. Glaux-Verlag, Jena 1997, ISBN 3-931743-31-4 .
  2. see Jena archaeological writings. Volume 2.
  3. Angelika Geyer (editor): Mediterranean art landscapes in the collection of antique cabarets at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Catalog for the exhibition in the Göhre City Museum in Jena from May 9 to June 26, 1999. Glaux-Verlag, Jena 1999, ISBN 3-931743-33-0 .
  4. Verena Paul-Zinserling : The terracottas of the antique cabaret collection of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. Glaux-Verlag, Jena 2002, ISBN 3-931743-41-1 .
  5. Yvonne Seidel: The oil lamps in the antique cabaret collection of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Glaux-Verlag, Jena 2002, ISBN 3-931743-57-8 .
  6. Angelika Geyer (editor): Moneta Augusti. Roman coins from the Imperial Era and Late Antiquity in the Academic Coin Cabinet of the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena. The Schmidt collection of the Weimar Classic Foundation and art collections and own holdings. Catalog for the exhibition in the Göhre City Museum in Jena, from February 10 to May 1, 2005. Glaux-Verlag, Jena 2005, ISBN 3-931743-79-9 .
  7. Angelika Geyer (editor): 1846 - 2006. 160 years of the Archaeological Museum of the University of Jena. Thuringian collections in the context of international networks. Colloquium volume of the conference in Jena on October 28, 2006. Logos-Verlag, Jena 2008, ISBN 978-3-8325-2084-7 .
  8. Angelika Geyer and Mareike Rind (editors): On the way to antiquity - Jena travelers on the Mediterranean - the Mediterranean in travel pictures. Historical photographs from the collection of the Chair of Classical Archeology at Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Parerga to an exhibition in collaboration with SCHOTT Villa Jena. Logos-Verlag, Jena 2016, ISBN 978-3-8325-4386-0 .

Annual gift of the Thiasos eV Association of Friends of the Antique Collections of the Friedrich Schiller University and Classical Archeology in Jena

  • 2010: Hadwiga Schörner: The tomb of Carl Wilhelm Goettling at the Johannisfriedhof in Jena and its historical models. GGP media on demand, Pößneck 2010.
  • 2011: Angelika Geyer: "Minerva Giustiniani". Casts or present (s) of antiquity. GGP media on demand, Pößneck 2011.
  • 2012: Torsten Kleinschmidt: Rome, Armenia and the Parthian War of Lucius Verus. flyeralarm, Würzburg 2012.
  • 2013: Angelika Geyer: Speech on the reopening of the Antikensammlung of the University of Jena on April 24th, 2012. flyeralarm, Würzburg 2013.
  • 2015: Dennis Graen: The Romans on the Atlantic. 5 years of research in Jena in Portugal. flyeralarm, Würzburg 2015.

literature

  • Hadwiga Schörner : The importance of the Greek vases in the university collections of Vienna and Jena from their foundation to the middle of the 20th century. In: Stefan Schmidt , Matthias Steinhart (editor): Collecting and exploring. Greek vases in modern collections. (= Supplements to the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum . Volume VI). CH Beck, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-66400-7 , pp. 137-147.
  • Heike Richter: History of the Archaeological Museum of the University of Jena 1846–1962. (= Jena archaeological writings. Volume 2). Reichert, Wiesbaden 2017, ISBN 978-3-95490-155-5 .
  • Eva Winter (editor): crook, patron and scholar. The donation of Marchese Giovanni Pietro Campana from 1846. (= contributions from the collections of the University of Jena. Volume 4). Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 2018, ISBN 978-3-9818697-5-0 .

Web links

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Detail of a sarcophagus. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  3. ^ Cypriot and Boeotian idols. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  5. ^ Ancient pile of broken glass. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Abdominal amphora with Heracles and Nereus. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Pair of horses as a lid handle. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  9. ^ Cypriot and Boeotian idols. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  11. ↑ It lights up. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Statuette of Hercules. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Torso of an Amazon. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - collection objects. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  20. ^ Institute for Classical Studies // Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  21. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  23. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  25. ↑ Collection for Prehistory and Early History. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Collection portal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena - Collections. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  27. ^ Institute for Classical Studies // Exhibitions. Retrieved September 30, 2019 .