Antonio Federighi

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Coat of arms of the Federighi family
Federighi's early work: The four outer windows of the Chiesa delle Carceri di Sant'Ansano church , created around 1443/44 with others
Former home of A. Federighi in Via delle Donzelle (Contrada Civetta), acquired and redesigned by him

Antonio Federighi (* around 1420 in Siena ; † January 15, 1483 there ) was an Italian architect and sculptor .

Life

Early years in Siena

Antonio Federighi (also Antonio Federighi di Federigo dei Tolomei) was born in Siena around 1420 as the son of Federigo Tolomei (the Senese aristocratic family Tolomei or de 'Tolomei ). He appeared as an artist for the first time in 1438, when he was listed in the Domopera's business books and during the last months of his life studied under Jacopo della Quercia and supported him in work on the Siena Cathedral . After della Quercia's death, he joined his new teacher Pietro di Tommaso del Minèlla (* 1391 in Siena; † 1458 ibid.). With him and others he worked in 1444 on the grave slab of Bishop Carlo Bartoli in the chapel of San Crescenzio in the Cathedral of Siena. A short time before that, he created four windows and a portal in the Renaissance style for the church Chiesa delle Carceri di Sant'Ansano in Castelvecchio with del Minèlla, Giovanni Sabatelli, Castorio di Manni and Nanni di Niccolò . In the spring of 1448 he set out on his first trip to Rome , where he stayed for a few months. Here he was called to the court of Pope Nicholas V and met with Leon Battista Alberti , whom he probably met in Siena as early as 1443, and the brothers Antonio and Bernardo Rossellino , who were in the service of the Pope at the time. In September of the same year he acquired shares in a house in Via della Donzelle in the Contrada Civetta (Eule, Terzo di San Martino, probably number 5), which he was not able to acquire in full until 1461 and where he and his family lived until his death Mrs. Ravignana di Deo Ranuccini and the children Aurelio (* 1469), Ortensio (* 1471), Federigo (* 1473) and Giulia lived. Only the plans of a second trip to Rome in 1450 are documented, but the appointment as Capomaestro of the Cathedral of Siena in the same year is certain. From May 1451 he carried out sgraffiti on the floor of the aisle here with his German assistant Vito di Marco . These Figure di Sibille , which are no longer complete today , were later supplemented by Benvenuto di Giovanni , Matteo di Giovanni and Neroccio di Bartholomeo di Benedetto de 'Landi . In addition, the sgraffito began on the floor of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in the Sienese Cathedral, again with Vito di Marco and based on drawings by Nastagio di Guasparre. Years later, he worked on both sgraffiti and added sections.

Master builder in Orvieto and Siena

The five statues of the Loggia della Mercanzia: (from left) San Savino (Federighi), San Pietro (Vecchietta), Sant'Ansano (Federighi), San Vittore (Federighi) and San Paolo (Vecchietta)
Le Logge del Papa
The roof structure made by Federighi for the Cappella di Piazza at the Palazzo Comunale / Piazza del Campo

On September 14, 1451, Federighi took the position of Capomaestro in the cathedral of Orvieto , where he stayed with Vito di Marco for five years, but in 1453 also carried out work on the cathedral facade of Sant'Andrea Apostolo in Carrara and in 1454 further marble blocks from Orvieto to Carrara sent. Here was a baptismal font , also his was on September 11, 1456 Sibyllenstatue of marble unveiled in the cathedral of Orvieto, but in early 1457 he returned to Siena, where he was first the statues of San Pietro , the San Savino , the Sant'Ansano and des San Vittore for the Loggia della Mercanzia. The panicale on the right also comes from his hand, there Ercole and Onfale are depicted at the outer ends, in the middle there are the figures Caronda , San Vittore , Lucio Giunio Bruto , Sant'Ansano and Zaleuco di Locri , while the left Panicale is attributed to the Urbano da Cortona . He was not allowed to work on statues for the Mercanzia, as Donatello was hired (but never delivered a work) and Vecchietta also created a figure of San Pietro, which in 1462 replaced the one of Federighi exhibited there since March 1459 (that of Federighi is today in the cathedral museum). In 1458 he was appointed his personal architect by Pope Pius II , whom he probably met on his second trip to Rome in 1450 and who had recently been appointed Bishop of Siena, and one year later he built the tomb of his parents Vittoria for him Forteguerri and Silvio Piccolomini in the Basilica di San Francesco as well as other buildings (probably a Residenza and possibly a fountain) that were destroyed by the fire in the basilica in 1655. In October 1458, probably through the intervention of Pope Pius II, he was given back the post of Capomaestro of the cathedral in Siena, which he kept until 1480 and in which in 1459 he wrote the floor graffito Cieco che guida il cieco (parable of the two blind men) completed, which is now in the Cathedral Museum. Around 1462 he also built holy water for the cathedral's baptistery. The Capella di Palazzo dei Diavoli (also called Capella dei Turchi ) in the Palazzo dei Diavoli in northern Siena and outside the city walls was completed in 1460, construction is said to have started about a year earlier. When Pope Pius II invited tenders to build the Loggia del Papa (also Le Logge del Papa) in Siena in 1460, he prevailed against Vecchietta and completed the building in October 1463, but at the latest in 1466. Since the architectural orientation of the loggia was in contradiction to the surrounding building and due to the proximity to the Palazzo Piccolomini (construction started in 1469 by order of the nephews of Pius II, Giacomo and Andrea Piccolomini Todeschini , architect was Pier Paolo del Porrina, completion around 1510) in Via Banchi di Sotto it is assumed that the Logge del Papa project was part of a major restructuring of the area in honor of or for the benefit of the Piccolomini, which could not be completed due to the subsequent loss of power of the family. Almost at the same time he devoted himself to the project to complete the Cappella di Piazza , the chapel of the Palazzo Pubblico on the Piazza del Campo . The chapel, built in 1352, remained without a roof, so that the city of Siena ordered its completion by decree on March 4, 1460. The order to Federighi called for the completion of the work within a year, but the last scaffolding was not removed until August 3, 1470.

The late work in Sarteano and Siena

Travertine facade of the Church of San Francesco in Sarteano, completed in 1480

The facade of the Oratorio di Santa Caterina on the Santuario di Santa Caterina as well as the entire renovation work of the complex occupied Federighi from 1464 to 1474, although the artistic influence cannot be precisely determined. It is certain that he supervised the work as a cathedral builder. Between 1467 and 1474 he stayed frequently in Sarteano to work with other artists and architects such as Il Vecchietta and probably Guidoccio Cozzarelli on behalf of the Piccolomini family and the later Pope Pius III. to work on the fortress ( Fortezza di Sarteano , also called Castello or Rocca ), to finish the travertine facade of the church Chiesa di San Francesco and to build the family seat of the Piccolomini in Sarteano, the Palazzo Piccolomini. Because of the similarities between the facades of San Francesco in Sarteano and those of the Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Nevi in Siena, this work is also attributed to him and dated to 1471. In 1480 he lost his title as cathedral builder in Siena to Alberto Aringhieri , probably due to political circumstances and the loss of power of the Piccolomini and Spannocchi families in Siena, who were considered his supporters. His last work is the floor graffito Sibylle von Erythrai from 1482 in the Siena Cathedral, before he died on January 15, 1483 in his house in Via delle Donzelle in Siena. He was buried in the Basilica di San Francesco near the tomb of Piccolomini.

Presumed work

The Palazzo Bandini Piccolomini in Via Sallustio Bandini

Further work was posthumously ascribed to him, but these are only inadequately documented. So it appears on a payment receipt from June 15, 1470 for repair work on the Torre del Mangia, which a short time before a lightning strike severely damaged. His exact role in this work remains unclear. His role in the expansion of the Bottini , an underground canal system for irrigation of Siena, also remains hidden. What is certain is that in 1480 he received payments worth 80 lire for work on the Bottini. Various palazzi in Siena are also ascribed to his work, although his contribution as an architect cannot be measured, but only associated with him on the basis of stylistic similarities. These include the Palazzo Bandini Piccolomini , home of the politician and economist Sallustio Bandini in Via Sallustio Bandini 25 (then Via dei Miracoli, now the Student Secretariat of the University of Siena ), the Palazzo Constantini in Via Montanini 72 and his own house in Via delle Donzelle . His work on the statue of Pius in San Benedetto in Polirone after the Pope's visit in 1460 is also not documented.

Works (selection)

Wooden statue of San Bernardino in the Museo civico medievale, Bologna
Floor graffitio Sibylle von Erythrai in the Duomo of Siena, last work by the artist, created in 1482
  • Bologna , Museo civico medievale: San Bernardino
  • Carrara , Dom Sant'Andrea Apostolo: facade work in marble (1453/1454)
  • Orvieto , cathedral: Sibylle statue Sibylle von Erythrai (1456) and a baptismal font
  • Sarteano , Chiesa di San Francesco: facade work (with others, completed around 1480)
  • Sarteano, Palazzo Piccolomini
  • Siena, Basilica dell'Osservanza , Museo Aurelio Castelli: tomb (Lapide sepolcrale) by Niccolò Piccolomini, created in 1476
  • Siena, Basilica di San Francesco : tomb of Vittoria Forteguerri and Silvio Piccolomini (parents of Pope Pius II, around 1459, destroyed by fire in 1655)
  • Siena, Chiesa delle Carceri di Sant'Ansano: four window designs and a portal design (with others, around 1443/45)
  • Siena, Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Nevi: facade (attributed)
  • Siena, Siena Cathedral : several works, including the grave slab of Carlo Bartoli (Cappella San Crescenzio, with others, made in 1444), floor graffiti in the aisle and in the baptistery, including Le sette età dell'uomo (1475, German: The seven ages )
  • Siena, Loggia della Mercanzia: statues of St. San Pietro, San Savino, Sant'Ansano and San Vittore (built between 1451 and 1459, the San Vittore is now in the Passeggio to Santa Maria della Scala )
  • Siena, Loggia del Papa (also called Le Logge del Papa or just Le Logge , building in honor of Pius II , built around 1462)
  • Siena, Oratorio di San Bernardino (Room 4): Madonna col Figlio ( marble relief )
  • Siena, Palazzo Chigi Saracini : Tito , marble relief, created around 1470
  • Siena, Palazzo dei Diavoli: extension of the building (1460), Capella di Palazzo dei Diavoli (also called Capella dei Turchi , 1460)
  • Siena, Palazzo delle Papesse (also Palazzo Piccolomini): design of the inner courtyard and the associated fountain (attributed)
  • Siena, Palazzo Pubblico : roof decoration of the Cappella di Piazza (1461 to 1468) as well as the wooden sculptures Sant'Ambrogio and Sant'Antonio Abate (approx. 1445, from the Oratorio Sant'Anna in Via Montanini)
  • Siena, Palazzo Salimbeni : Bacco , marble sculpture, made around 1465, comes from the Palazzo d'Elci
  • Siena, Santuario di Santa Caterina : facade of the Oratorio di Santa Caterina (uncertain, around 1464 to 1474)

literature

Web links

Commons : Antonio Federighi  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Minella, Pietro di Tommaso del. In: Enciclopedie on line. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome. Retrieved December 15, 2015 ..
  2. ↑ Siena Info , accessed March 9, 2011.
  3. ↑ Official website of the municipality of Sarteano on the Castello, accessed on March 3, 2011 ( Memento of October 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Official website of the Contrada della Civetta on Via S. Bandini , accessed on June 26, 2018 (Italian)
  5. ↑ Inventory number 2822
  6. ↑ Museo Aurelio Castelli at Sienaonline, accessed 7 March 2011
  7. ^ Loggia del Papa Siena at the Web Gallery of Art, accessed March 7, 2011
  8. ↑ Antonio Federighi ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
personal data
SURNAME Federighi, Antonio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian architect and sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH around 1420
PLACE OF BIRTH Siena
DATE OF DEATH January 15, 1483
Place of death Siena