Aphloia theiformis
| Aphloia theiformis | ||||||||||||
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Aphloia theiformis |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Aphloiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Takht. | ||||||||||||
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| Aphloia | ||||||||||||
| ( DC. ) Benn. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Aphloia theiformis | ||||||||||||
| ( Vahl ) Benn. |
Aphloia theiformis is the only species of the monotypical genus Aphloia , which in turn alone forms the family of Aphloiaceae . It is common in East Africa and Madagascar .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Aphloia theiformis is an evergreen shrub to small tree that reaches a height of up to 14 meters. The above-ground parts of the plant are bare. The bark of the branches is brown.
The alternate and two-lined (distich) leaves on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is about 3 millimeters long. The leaf blade is 3 to 8 inches long and 1.2 to 2.75 inches wide, narrow-elliptical to elliptical or obverse-lanceolate. The tip of the leaf is blunt to slightly pointed and the base of the blade is wedge-shaped. The leaf margin is serrated , often with entire margins at the base. The lateral nerves consist of about ten pairs that are not highlighted. There are often Stipules present. The stomata have unequal secondary cells (anisocytic).
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from September to November. The flowers stand individually or in threes in the leaf axils. The flower stalks are green, about 1 centimeter long have one to three deltoid bracts 1 millimeter long. The hermaphroditic flowers have an undifferentiated mostly seven-fold flower envelope . This is white, later yellowish and around 5 by 5 millimeters in size. The sepals are fused about 1 to 1.5 millimeters long. The inner sepals are thinner and more petal-like than the outer ones. There are many stamens with narrow, 4 to 5 millimeters long stamens. The anthers are round with a diameter of around 0.7 millimeters. The hypanthium (the widened flower base) is wide, the surface could be nectar-bearing. The flowers smell sweet. The gynoeceum consists of a single carpel . The approximately ten ovules per carpel are ellipsoidal and probably campylotropic, in any case not simply anatropic. The scar is sessile.
The fruit is a white, fleshy berry ; when the fruit ripens, the flower shell and stigma are retained. The roughly six seeds per berry have a diameter of around two millimeters and are discus-shaped. The three to five outer cell layers of the glossy white seed coat (testa) are strongly thickened, the next are small and unreinforced, the inner two to three layers are elongated, thickened cells. The endosperm Development is unknown.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Distribution and location requirements
Aphloia theiformis is native to East Africa , Madagascar , the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles . It grows in submontane and montane evergreen forests and on the edges of forests at altitudes above 1,500 meters. It often grows as a pioneer plant . In Zimbabwe, this species is considered locally common
Aphloia is one of the preferred hosts of the semi-parasitic African sandalwood ( Osyris lanceolata )
Systematics
Within the Crossosomatales, Aphloia is the sister taxon of the group from Geissolomataceae , Ixerbaceae and Strasburgeriaceae . As a monophyletic group, these four families face the other families of the order. Their common feature are excesses on the pollen apertures. Earlier, Aphloia theiformis was placed with the Flacourtiaceae , Takhtajan placed it with the Violales.
It was first published in 1794 as Lightfootia theiformis Vahl by Martin Vahl in Symbolae Botanicae, ... , 3, S, 69-70, where it was written “theaeformis”. The new combination to Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. was published in 1840 by John Joseph Bennett in Plantae Javanicae Rariores , Volume 2, p. 192. Further synonyms for Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. are: Aphloia mauritiana Baker , Aphloia myrtiflora Galpin , Neumannia myrtiflora (Galpin) Th.Dur , Neumannia theiformis ( Vahl) A.Rich. , Prockia theiformis (Vahl) Willd.
use
In Madagascar, the leaves are made into tea. This shows a mediocre diuretic effect. It is used for gallbladder disorders, stomach upset and gastrointestinal inflammation and for blood purification .
The leaves contain mangiferin (also called aphloiol), a C-glycoside of tetrahydroxy-1,3,6,7- xanthone . Extracts from Aphloia be used in anti-aging creams.
supporting documents
The article is mainly based on the following web links:
- The family of Aphloiaceae in APWebsite. (engl.)
- Mark A. Hyde, Bart T. Wursten, Petra Ballings, Meg Coates M. Palgrave: Aphloia in the flora of Zimbabwe .
- H. Wild: Flacourtiaceae. In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 1, 1960: the same text online as the printed work.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aphloia mauritiana at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Mark A. Hyde, Bart T. Wursten, Petra Ballings, Meg Coates M. Palgrave: Flora of Zimbabwe .
- ↑ PL Mwang'ingo, Z. Teklehaimanot, LL Lulandala, ST Mwihomeke: Host plants of Osyris lanceolata (African Sandalwood) and their influence on its early growth performance in Tanzania. In: The Southern African Forestry Journal. Volume 203, 2005, ISSN 2070-2620 , pp. 55-65, doi : 10.2989 / 10295920509505219 .
- ↑ a b c Aphloia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Aphloia theiformis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 16, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d H. Wild: Flacourtiaceae. In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 1, 1960: the same text online as the printed work. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Plantes médicinales de la pharmacopée réunionnaise ~ Plantes médicinales réunionnaise ~ ( Memento of April 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) and Anne Adsersen, Henning Adsersen: Plants from Réunion Island with alleged antihypertensive and diuretic effects - an experimental and ethnobotanical evaluation. In: Journal of ethnopharmacology . Volume 58, No. 3, 1997, pp. 189-206, doi : 10.1016 / S0378-8741 (97) 00100-1 .
- ↑ Patent ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
further reading
- Merran L. Matthews, Peter K. Endress: Comparative floral structure and systematics in Crossosomatales (Crossosomataceae, Stachyuraceae, Staphyleaceae, Aphloiaceae, Geissolomataceae, Ixerbaceae, Strasburgeriaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 147, No. 1, 2005, ISSN 0024-4074 , pp. 1-46, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2005.00347.x .
- Naidu Gopalsamy, David Vargas, Joseph Guéhoa, Claude Ricauda, Kurt Hostettmann: Saponins from leaves of Aphloia theiformis. In: Phytochemistry. Volume 27, No. 11, 1988, ISSN 0031-9422 , pp. 3593-3595, doi : 10.1016 / 0031-9422 (88) 80774-X .
- Oumadevi Rangasamya, Guy Raoelisonb, Francisco E. Rakotonirianab, Kiban Cheukb, Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamangab, Joelle Quetin-Leclercqc, Ameenah Gurib-Fakimd, Anwar Hussein Subratty: Screening for anti-infective properties of several medicinal plants of the Mauritians flora. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Vol. 109, No. 2, 2007, pp. 331-337, doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2006.08.002 .
