Ayacucho

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Ayacucho
Coordinates: 13 ° 10 ′  S , 74 ° 13 ′  W
Map: Peru
marker
Ayacucho​
Ayacucho on the map of Peru
Basic data
Country Peru
region Ayacucho
province Huamanga
City foundation April 25, 1540
Residents 95,371  (2017)
- in the metropolitan area 218,444
City insignia
Flag of Ayacucho.svg
Escudo de Ayacucho.svg
Detailed data
height 2761  m
Waters Huatata River
Post Code 05000 - 05003
prefix +51 66
License Plate Y
Time zone UTC -5
City Presidency Yuri Gutiérrez
Website www.munihuamanga.gob.pe
Ayacucho Cathedral
Ayacucho Cathedral

Ayacucho (in Quechua Ayakuchu ), locally mostly Huamanga (in Ayacucho-Quechua called Wamanga or Wamanqa ), is the capital of the Peruvian region of Ayacucho , is located in the south of the South American Andean state around 570 kilometers from the capital Lima and had 95,371 inhabitants in 2017 . 218,444 inhabitants lived in the metropolitan area. It is located at an altitude of 2761 meters above sea level.

name of the city

The city of Huamanga received its new name Ayacucho by decree of Simón Bolívar on February 15, 1825, with which the victory of the Liberation Army against the Spaniards in the Battle of Ayacucho was honored. The name can be from the Quechua with Ayakuchu "dead angle of the" to be translated, said Aya "corpse dead" and kuchu (so here the spoken Chanka; on Cusco-Collao Quechua with ejective consonant k'uchu ) means "angle corner". Other, less common translations are "corner of the soul" with the meaning of aya as "soul" or Ayakuchuq "corpse cutter " from kuchuy "to cut"

The traditional name Huamanga or Wamanqa is associated with Waman qaqa "falcon rock" ( waman "falcon" and qaqa "rock"). However, the Conquistador Pedro de Cieza de León gives in his chronicle the anecdote that the ruler Wiraqucha Inka said: Guaman ka , which means “take, falcon”.

history

From the 5th to the 10th century the city was the capital of the Wari Empire , a high culture in the Andean region and a forerunner of the Inca Empire . It was re-founded on January 29, 1539 by Francisco Pizarro as San Juan de la Frontera de Huamanga .

In 1548 construction began on the Santo Domingo Church , the first in a series of 33 historic churches and several more modern ones in the city. Even today the city in Peru is known as the city ​​of 33 churches . Other churches are San Agustin , San Francisco , the Jesuit Church (1605), Santa Clara (1568) and Santa Teresa . The Holy Week processions ( Semana Santa ) are among the most important of their kind in the world.

Ayacucho has been the seat of a Catholic bishop since July 20, 1609, and an archdiocese since 1966. The area of ​​the Archdiocese of Ayacucho is divided into 24 parishes. Archbishop of Ayacucho has been Salvador Piñeiro García-Calderón since 2011 .

In 1677 the University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga was established in Ayacucho. On December 9, 1824, in a battle in the Pampas of Quinua, not far from Huamangas, the last Spanish troops in the South American colonies were defeated by the armed forces of Peru and Colombia led by Antonio José de Sucres , whereupon the viceroy José de la Serna signed the surrender which led to the independence of most of the South American states. In honor of this victory, the city was renamed in 1825 and received its current name.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Ayacucho was one of the cities hardest hit by the terror of the Sendero Luminoso in the armed conflict in Peru .

Twin cities

Huamanga has partnerships with the following cities:

See also

literature

  • Jaime Urrutia Ceruti: Aquí nada ha pasado. Huamanga siglos XVI – XX . Comisión de Derechos Humanos (COMISEDH), Lima 2014, ISBN 978-9972-51-453-1 .
  • Enrique González Carré, Yuri Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, Jaime Urrutia Ceruti: La ciudad de Huamanga . Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho 1995.

Web links

Commons : Ayacucho  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Postcode ZIP code Ayacucho, Peru - GeoPostcodes . Retrieved October 21, 2016.
  2. ↑ Clodoaldo Soto Ruiz: Runasimi-kastillanu-inlis llamkaymanaq qullqa. University of Illinois, 2010, p. 25. Ayakuchu . 30. n. Huk uran chawpiniq Piruw llaqta suyupa sutin. Kay llaqtapa hichpallanpi, 1842 watapi hatun maqanakuy karqa Piruw qispikunanpaq .
  3. ↑ Text examples: César Itier: Literatura nisqap qichwasimipi mirayñinmanta , AMERINDIA n ° 24, 1999; Billie Jean Isbell: Violence in Peru: Performances and Dialogues. Cornell University. American Anthropologist 100 (2), 1998.
  4. ↑ Text examples: Samuel Majerhua Castro: La escritura fonémica del quechua ayacuchano. Tesis, Ayacucho 2008, p. 117; Sumaq kawsay - Kuskanchik yachasunchik, 6i ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Perú Suyupi Yachay Kamayuq, Lima 2015, p. 13. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.educacioninterculturalbilingueperu.org
  5. ↑ Peru: Ayacucho Region - Provinces & Places . www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  6. ↑ Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico (PDF, 27.4 MB) Instituo Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (INEI). August 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  7. ↑ a b Enrique González Carré: Huamanga, costumbres y tradiciones . Lluvia editores, Lima 2011.
  8. ↑ Sunqunchikmanta Paqarimuq. Ministerio de Educación, Lima 2014, p. 10: Ayakuchu llaqtapa sutin paqariyninmanta .
  9. ↑ Abdón Yaranga Valderrama: Diccionario Quechua-Español / Runa Simi-Español . Lima / Paris 2003, p. 24: AYA : 1) (nom.) Cadáver .
  10. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007, p. 16: aya . s. Cadáver. Cuerpo orgánico después de la muerte.
  11. ↑ Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005, p. 34: aya . s. Cadáver, muerto, cuerpo humano muerto .
  12. ↑ Abdón Yaranga Valderrama: Diccionario Quechua-Español / Runa Simi-Español . Lima / Paris 2003, p. 24: KUCHU : 1) (nom.) Rincón, esquina .
  13. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007, p. 54: k'uchu , juk'i. s. Rincon. Ángulo entrante formado por dos paredes.
  14. ↑ Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005, p. 241: k'uchu . s. Geom. Ángulo, esquina, rincón .
  15. ↑ Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005, p. 34: Ayak'uchu . s. Geog. (Etim. Rincón de muertos; o aya kuchuq, el que corta cadáver o hace autopsia). Ayacucho .
  16. ↑ Abdón Yaranga Valderrama: Las "reducciones" uno de los instrumentos del etnocidio. Revista Complutense de Historia de América, núm. 21, 241-262. Servicio de Publicaciones UCM. Madrid 1995.
  17. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007, p. 129: waman . s. Halcón .
  18. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007, p. 129: qaqa . s. Peña. Piedra grande sin labrar, peñasco. || Roca. Piedra muy dura. Sallu rumi.
  19. ↑ Clodoaldo Soto Ruiz: Runasimi-kastillanu-inlis llamkaymanaq qullqa. University of Illinois, 2010, p. 134. Qaqa. 29. n. Cliff. Boulder. adj. Rocky. s. Risco, precipicio. Peña, pedrusco. adj. Rocalloso. i. 1. Uku rumisapa wayqu.
  20. ↑ Pedro Cieza de León: La crónica del Perú . Peisa, Lima 1973.
  21. ↑ Comune di Verona - Grandi Eventi - Gemellaggi e Patti d'Amicizia . Retrieved April 24, 2018.