Bossow
Coordinates: 53 ° 37 ' N , 12 ° 15' E
Bossow is a district of the city of Krakow am See in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and is close to the Krakower Obersee nature reserve and the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve .
geography
The small town of Bossow is located in the middle of the nature park on the eastern edge of the forest area of the same name and on the state road 37 ( B 103 until the end of 2015 ), about 4 km south of the core city of Krakow am See. Sander of the Schwinzer Heide stretch to the west . The northeastern Krakower Obersee was placed under nature protection as early as 1939. With several islands and the adjacent forest, moor and meadow areas, the Krakower See is an excellent breeding and resting area for water birds and seagulls. Bossower See, located south of the town, is named after the town . The Schwinzer Heide, which has always been wooded, from Lake Goldberger in the west to the eastern forest districts between Karow (Plau am See) , Bossow and Glave was the untouched area of the Dobbertin monastery .
history
The area was already settled in the Bronze Age, which is proven by the discovery of a destroyed conical grave with an urn and a bronze arm ring during road construction in 1845/46. The name indicates the later settlement of Slavs . It could be the location of the Bos , but more likely the lilac / elderberry location . The Feldmark itself consists almost entirely of heather sand. In written history Bossow is called the end of the 14th century, when in 1386 the village still Lehn of Linstows on Glave was. In 1396 they began to pledge properties that did not belong to Otto von Hahn to the Dobbertin monastery . In 1413 the sons Hinrich and Gottschalk Linstow sold their property in the village of Bossow to the provost Nicolaus Mestrop and the prioress Anna Thun with the convent of the Dobbertin monastery for 150 Marks Lübisch . According to the Kaiserbederegister of 1496, 31 adults lived in Bossow, according to which there were five to nine farmer's hooves. In 1540 six families with Slavic names Geran, Gußloff and Miltichen were mentioned in the Landbederegister, whereas in 1611 only three families were registered in Bossow.
Village
The village itself is located on a flat sand ridge in a lowland on Krakower See, which is named with the field name Dbodstädt . In 1586, after a site inspection with witnesses, the dispute over the rights of a drift, a way to drive cattle in the Bossow field and the use of wood between the Dobbertin monastery and the von Weltzien monastery was settled. The corridors of Bossow formed a monastic enclave , the area of which had never changed. In the old official log book of the Dobbertin monastery in Bossow in 1588, in addition to the insults against the kitchen master, criminal offenses and wood theft are noted. 1589 can be read: The miller von Bossow cut the corner bush in the Dannen. At that time, the sandy areas of the Schwinzer Heide were covered with mixed pine and oak forests. In 1590, the tailor Bastian Gise was allowed to marry a widow after having paid the indulgence . In 1593 the ox was seized by the miller's son at Bossow because a hunting dog escaped.
There is scant news about the watermill. In 1628, the Wallenstein 's office in Güstrow asked the tax collector in Krakow to also take care of the mill in Bossow. Bossow was also destroyed in the Thirty Years War and was deserted by the inhabitants in 1646. After the war four farmers settled again. Around 1700 the whole village with the jug and the mill belonged to the Dobbertin monastery office. The watermill was in the village on the south side of Krakow Lake.
After several repairs, Christoff Heveln took over the mill in 1707. In 1723 Jacob Köpke, from 1727 Johann Köpke and 1728 again Jacob Köpke as miller of Bossower (Bossau) mill were mentioned in the Krakow church book. The water mill was located on the drainage ditch that connects the Bossower See with the Krakower See at its narrowest point. During the renaturation of the connecting ditch carried out in 2011, oak piles with a felling date around / after 1243 were uncovered, which indicate a watermill location.
In 1755 one of the farmers was removed from his hoof due to incompetence by the monastery office and the land went to the remaining three hooves. In 1758 the monastery decided to place the village "for the benefit of the closter." The last three farmers came to Lohmen , another died before this conversion. It was the only case of farmers laying in the entire Dobbertiner monastery area.
Before 1780, the monastery set up a courtyard at its current location. To regulate the borders between Bossow, Schwinz and Sammit, the monastery rulers negotiated as early as 1756 with the landowners of Sammit and Ticino, the von Weltzien im Krug at the border town of Grüner Jäger on the Karow side, as the protocol of June 25, 1756 shows. In 1764, the Schwinzer forester Zander and the district hunter Haase were consulted about further disagreements. The new boundaries of the exchange of territory at Bossowschen Feld, which only took place in 1767, were measured by the surveyor Friedrich von See. In 1794 the widower Rademacher Hartwig Christoph Wilhelm Klooth married the daughter of Sophia Dorothes of the late miller Friedrich Meinke from Bossow.
Since 1837, the small village of Bossow consisted of three parts: the estate with the tenant house and the stables, the village a little south with the Krughaus and the six cottages as well as the lumberyard on the northern edge of the Schwinzer Heide, the later forester's yard. On December 1, 1876, 88 inhabitants were counted.
Well
The tenant house was built in 1773 and the shepherd's house with the barn in 1777. In 1790, a horse stable, a barn, a cattle shed and a sheep shed belonged to the estate next to the tenant house. The barn promised by the monastery office was approved, but not yet built in 1779. The large barn with the car shower, built before 1818, was a bit away from the bakery because of the high risk of fire. In 1859 repair work was carried out on the old sheepfold, the cattle house, the horse stable and the barn.
In 1867 the new cattle house was built and in 1882 the sheepfold was added with a machine shower at the barn. On August 12, 1903, the barn and two stables for horses, pigs, chickens and wood burned down in the yard due to lightning. Given the poor condition of the buildings, the compensation from the fire insurance was very low at 8420 marks. The three-storey warehouse and barn were rebuilt as early as 1904. In 1924 the estate again had 13 horses, 50 cows, 40 pigs and 200 sheep in its herd. After a fire in the cattle house on October 1, 1924, which also burned 29 sheep, the wooden stable was used as an emergency horse stable. The new horse and sheep barn was not ready until August 1925.
The warehouse, built in 1904, is now used as living quarters and has a sandstone plaque on the gable with the initials of the Dobbertin monastery office (KLAD) and the year of construction (1904). The cattle barn, which was later rebuilt, currently houses a large kitchen of the People's Solidarity .
As a result, tenants of the property were:
- 1802 H. Düßle
- 1804 Johann Wilhelm Leopoldi with heirs
- 1847 Johann Christoph Besecke, in 1861 assessed as a calm, decent man and a good farmer, but in 1878 the farm was taken from him.
- 1879 Oeconomist Georg Kleber from Lübz, bankruptcy proceedings in 1891, owed 102,253 marks.
- 1891 Oeconom August Pieritz from Stralsund, for health reasons it was leased out.
- 1897 Baller from Bölkow, was unable to continue working on the farm after a serious illness.
- 1900 Heinrich Zenker from Dobbertin
- 1914 Johannes Evers from Wismar
- 1928 son Karl Ludwig Evers, due to economic collapse the farm was taken over in 1931 and for a short time it was run by the state in self-management.
- 1931 Rudolf Pentzlin, was already 74 years old in 1943, cattle neglected ...
- 1944 nephew Ulrich Pentzlin from Schmachtenhagen was appointed trustee and operations manager. The state minister withdrew the delivery note in January 1945. On July 27, 1945 he was appointed economic manager by the Güstrow district administrator.
Around 1805, the monastery office planned to “ remove the 5 outer lofts from Gut Bossow, which together contain about 117 hectares, from the lease and to have them completely inseminated with fir trees, because the largest part of this field would be Weh-Sand, that on the good Field would often be driven over by wind and storm, and the same would be more damaging. ” At the same time, the “ not inconsiderable lake belonging to the Bossow estate ” , which was previously used by the lumberjack, was to be leased to the “ pensioner ” , the landlord. But in 1807 the pine seeds were still missing. In 1912, the tenant Zenker had agreed to pay an annual rent of 5000 Marks instead of the previous 4650 Marks, despite the rather poor soil, and was then awarded the contract.
In 1920 the estate had a size of 248 hectares. A fifth of this area was water, of which the Bossower See took up the largest part. In 1941, tenant Wilhelm Leplow from Spendin was ready to take over the management with a maintenance contract , but failed because of the release of fuel for his cars. In 1942, the accommodation of civil Russians on the domain was refused due to a lack of premises . The last site tour took place in 1943. After 1945 the manor house and other buildings were used by the hospital in Güstrow and alcoholic people were cared for here until 1993.
After vacancy, an aftercare facility for addicts was set up on the former estate by the new owner, Volkssolidarität, from May 1997 and is used permanently. The old courtyard structure has been preserved.
Forsthof
Before 1818 there was only the lumberjack house and a cottage for the lumberjack.
Logmen were:
- 1813–1815 ploughshare
- 1816–1827 Wendland, from 1830 forester in the monastery forest office
- 1835–1844 Stange, then in black (rear sand propstei) as forester, received the title of chief forester after 50 years of service
- 1845–1846 Kobrow
- 1847-1853 Kleinkamp
- 1854–1855 Wendland
- 1856-1857 Milhahn
- 1857–1858 Wendland
- 1859–1881 Milhahn, retired as wood warden and titular forester after 38 years in monastic service.
- 1893–1905 Georg Ritz
From 1882 Bossow became a forestry yard of the monastery forest office. Before Milhahn took office, the hall, kitchen, people's room and bedroom were whitewashed, the door provided with a threshold and the roof repaired.
District forester, station hunter, lumberman were:
- 1882–1892 Carl Milhahn, retired at the age of 70 after 38 years of service in the Klosterforst.
- 1893–1909 Georg Ritz, wood warden
- 1910–1913 Georg Ritz, Unterforster
- 1915–1919 Ernst Ehlert, station hunter
- 1919–1936 Ernst Ehlert, forester
- 1937–1945 Ernst Ehlert, district forester
- 1946 Hausmann Nehs
- 1948 B. Ollhoff
- 1948–1958 Gerhard Cornelssen
- 1950-1971 P. Nicolovius
- 1972–1989 Rünger
- 1990-1993 S. Marin
- 1993-1996 G. Rohde
- 1996- Lutz Petersen
After the construction of the new highway through the Schwinzer Heide, the timber maintenance department was expanded by three houses in 1867. In order to improve the removal of wood from the Schwinzer Heide , the Dobbertiner Klosteramt contributed financially to the road construction in 1876.
During the construction of the Güstrow-Karow-Plau railway through the monastery area in the Schwinzer Heide, an additional switch had to be installed in the Bossower Forest in 1884 to facilitate the removal of wood in the monastery office . In 1895 the Remisenschuppen was built on the Forsthof. In 1910 the lumberman Georg Ritz came to Bossow as a forester, who was promoted to the station hunter in 1915. The lumberjack's house burned down in January 1913 due to a lightning strike. At the same place in the summer of 1913 the monastery office built a two-tiered cottage with apartments for the forest workers. In 1914, a special homestead was built a little further north for the wood caretaker of the Bossower forest district, consisting of a house with a stable and two barns. Further planned new buildings could not be carried out due to the lack of craftsmen due to the war . In 1929 the Forsthof included 11.5 hectares of fields, 7 hectares of meadows, 3 hectares of pasture and a garden with 40 apple trees as well as 3 horses, 10 cows and 15 pigs. The forest area was 450 hectares, of which 416 hectares were softwood, 2 hectares were hardwood and 14 hectares were coppice. These were managed by 8 forest workers with 18 hectares of secondary land. As a red deer area, there was no forest or hunting crime in Bossow.
The Monastery Forestry Office in Dobbertin had eight further districts with Bossow. From 1919 Bossow belonged to the State Forestry Office for thirty years. Then the forest administration was reorganized several times. In 1945 the Neu Sammit private forest area became part of the Bossow district and in 1950 the Bossow district was incorporated into the newly established Krakow am See forestry district.
Supply center of the GDR People's Police and combat groups
In 1961 a 25 hectare ammunition and supply depot for the German People's Police and the fighting groups of the working class was built in a wooded area near Bossow . Among other things, it included eight bunkers and large vehicle hangars. The area was secured by fences, barbed wire, watchtowers and dogs. The area, which was operated until 1994, was acquired by the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park with money that wind power investors paid as compensation for interventions in nature. Former bunkers have already been converted into bat roosts. In addition, a barrier-free nature adventure trail, nature parcours and a nature conservation station are planned.
Incorporation
The previously independent political municipality Bossow was incorporated into Krakow am See on July 1, 1950.
Attractions
manor
The simple tenant house with a central projection is likely to date from the time the farm was built around 1780 and was rebuilt in 1820. In 1920 the toilet was added and in 1923 the porch was added. The original brick building is now plastered and, with an outbuilding, also serves as the aftercare facility of the People's Solidarity. The tenant house did not have a lavishly designed estate park, but only an orchard and kitchen garden typical of that time. The horse chestnut in the middle of today's chicken farm was probably planted in the 19th century.
Buildings in the village
Today Bossow, in which there are still four modernized cottages, is clearly separated from the former estate. With the two-tiered cottage built in 1818, there were five buildings, and in 1869 there were even eight cottages in the village. A two-tiered cottage consisted of two apartments, most of which were only equipped with a living room and bedroom as well as a small kitchen.
To the east of the country road, today's B 103, stood the Krughaus . From 1727 to 1751 Dieterich Wiencken was the Kruger, according to the inventory of 1747 the living room was also a taproom. Gottfried Dettleff was the innkeeper until 1762, after which the monastery office had the jug auctioned. Johann C. Holst received the new lease contract from the monastery captain Diedrich von der Osten. But already in 1766 Hinrich Hövenick had leased the village inn and in 1788 the monastery was on the chiefs Malchiner parliament the laying recommended the pitcher. When the construction of the Kunststrasse , today's connection between Rostock and Berlin, began in 1845 , the jug was torn down. Since the new road cut through the Bossower Feldmark, the farmland west of the road began to be reforested in the following years.
For the children of the 64 inhabitants, the monastery supervisors had a school built in 1866, as the rector of the Krakow City School wanted to save the 14 Bossow children from having to walk almost a mile to school. The teacher was also given an apartment in the schoolhouse. After the opening of the railway line Güstrow – Karow – Plau , Bossow got a stop on demand in 1882 . After a fire in 1888, the monastery office had a three-tiered cottage built by the master mason Rohlack with an associated stable. Another two-tiered cottage built in 1893 was inspected by the master builder Hamann and complained about the open smoke outlet under the roof and above the stove. Since Easter 1916, the Bossow schoolchildren have been attending school in Alt Sammit again, and the teacher Adam asked for compensation for his extra work. In 1920 there were a three-tiered and two two-tiered cottages with their stables, a barn and the schoolhouse in the village. The toilets and the four-meter-deep kettle well with an iron pump post, which is still there today, were new . 1929 Bossow still had 60 inhabitants.
literature
- Jürgen Brandt: Bossow, Güstrow district. In: Bodendenkmalpflege in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 35 / b 1987 (1988), p. 285.
- Franz Engel: German and Slavic influences in the Dobbertiner cultural landscape. Würzburg 1934, VII, 174 pp. (Writings of the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel; Volume II, Issue 3)
- (Large) Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar, Schwerin 1 (1776) - 143 (1918), I. Monastery property: Monastery office Dobbertin.
- Johann Ritter: cone grave in Bossow. In: Yearbook of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. 19 (1854), p. 311.
- Wilhelm Mastaler: The watermills of the district of Güstrow, Güstrow 1990, p. 148.
- Horst Alsleben , Fred Beckendorff: In: The manor villages, manor complexes and parks in the nature park and its surroundings, 6.5 Bossow. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. Karow, 2007. (From culture and science; Issue 5) pp. 55–56.
- Fred Ruchhöft : The development of the cultural landscape in the Goldberg-Plau area in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Kersten Krüger / Stefan Kroll , Rostocker Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, Volume 5. Rostock 2001. pp. 98, 133, 309.
- Klaus Weidermann: In: On the history of forests, forests and settlements. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. Karow, 1999. (From culture and science; Issue 1) pp. 5–55.
swell
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
- Mecklenburg Yearbook (MJB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
- LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin monastery
- LHAS 2.12-3 / 5 church visits
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin
- LHAS 3.2-4 Civil fire insurance company
- LHAS 5.11-2
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
cards
- Directional survey map from the noble Dobbertin monastery office in 1759.
- Topographical, economic and military chart of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and the Principality of Ratzeburg. 1788 Dobbertin monastery with the Sandpropstei of Count Schmettau.
- Wibeking map of Mecklenburg, 1786.
- Bertram Christian von Hoinckhusen: Mecklenburg Atlas with description of the offices around 1700, sheet 61 description of the monastery office Dobbertin.
- Chart of the possessions of the Dobbertin monastery, section I. 1822, contains Bossow, made by LH Zebuhr based on the existing estate maps from 1822.
- Official cycling and hiking map of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park, 2010.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Ritter: Cone grave in Bossow. MJB XIX. (1854) p. 311
- ↑ MUB XXII. (1907) No. 12885
- ↑ MUB XXIII. (1911) No. 13039
- ^ Document registers No. 98
- ↑ a b W. Mastaler: The watermills of the Güstrow district. 1991, p. 148
- ^ Bertram Christian von Hoinckhusen: Mecklenburg. Atlas with description of the offices. 1700, sheet 61.
- ↑ Information sheet of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park, October 2011
- ^ Franz Schubert: Copulation Register from 1751 to 1800. Part C, 2, Delivery Malchow, Göttingen 1992,
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-4 Knightly fire insurance. Bossow File No. 557
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 17, 1903, No. 18.
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF, 1383
- ↑ LHAS, 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF, 1382
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF, 1385
- ↑ LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF, 1384
- ^ (Large) Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar 1813-1818
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 18, 1891, no.21.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 14, 1894, no.15.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 21, 1913, No. 16.
- ↑ Foresters Manual for the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin by the association Meckl.-Schwerin shearing State Forester 1929
- ↑ Information sheet of the Nossentiner / Schwizer Heide nature park, October 2011
- ↑ Schweriner Volkszeitung: Ex-police object to become a nature conservation station , July 22, 2011
- ^ Bossow in the Genealogical Place Directory
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 28, 1866, no.11.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 21, 1888, No. 18.
- ↑ LHAS, 5.12-4 / 2 MfLDF, 1385