Mug primrose
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Cup primrose ( Primula obconica ) |
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| Hance |
The cup Primrose ( Primula obconica ) is a South-East and East Asian plant species from the family of the Primrose family (Primulaceae). It is also known trivially as the poison primrose and is widely found in the trade as an ornamental plant .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The cup primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches stature heights of 5 to 20 (rarely 1.5 to 25) centimeters.
The leaves standing together in a basal rosette each consist of a 1.5 to 14 centimeter long petiole with white or yellow-brown, multicellular hair and a leaf blade . This leaf blade is simple, ovate-rounded to elliptical or oblong with a length of 3 to 14 (rarely 1.5 to 17) centimeters and a width of (rarely 1) 2.5 to 11 centimeters. It is hairless on the underside or sparsely hairy especially along the leaf veins ; balding on the upper side, briefly downy or briefly finely haired. The Spreitengrund is heart-shaped or occasionally rounded; the leaf margins are either almost entire, curved or lobed; the spreader tip rounded.
Generative characteristics
The inflorescence shafts with white or yellow-brown, multicellular hairs can be both shorter and longer than the leaf rosette and carry individual dold-like inflorescences with 2 to 13 flowers . The 3 to 10 millimeter long bracts are linear to linear-lanceolate in shape . The 5 to 20 (rarely 1.5 to 25) millimeter long flower stalks are provided with downy hairs. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry and five-fold flowers can either have different styluses or have styluses of the same length . In long-handled flowers the stamens are close to the base of the corolla tube; the stylus almost reaches the crown throat. In short-handled flowers, the stamens reach the middle of the tube; the stylus is 2 to 2.5 millimeters long. The stylus reaches the stamens in the homostyled flowers with the same grip and stamens up to near the tip of the corolla tube. The overgrown, cup-shaped to broadly bell-shaped, short downy or short, finely haired calyx consists of five sepals up to 1/4 to 1/3 of the sepal length free; the calyx teeth are broadly triangular, ciliate, and the calyx tips are pointed with water-separating glands . The five pink to lavender-pink, rarely white-colored petals have grown together to form the corolla tube, which is about twice the length of the calyx; the coronet measures 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters in diameter; the corolla lobes are broadly obovate and outlined at the tip.
The cup primrose forms capsule fruits .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22 or 62.
Occurrence
The cup primrose occurs in the central to southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and the Tibet Autonomous Region and is also specified for Thailand . It colonizes habitats such as thickets , forests in general, rocky locations in mountain forests and dry limestone rocks at altitudes of 500 to 3300 meters.
Systematics
The cup primrose was first described by Henry Fletcher Hance in 1880 . It is part of the primrose family in the genus Primula , subgenus Auganthus , section Obconicolisteri .
The cup primrose is divided into five subspecies:
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Primula obconica subsp. begoniiformis ( Petitm. ) WWSmith & Forrest :
The petiole is thin and more or less wiry. The leaf blade is ovate-rounded to rounded, about as long as it is wide, with notched to short lobed edges. The inflorescence stems are longer than the rosette leaves and much longer than the flower stalks. This subspecies is endemic to southwest Sichuan and western Yunnan and grows in mountain forests on rocky locations and altitudes of 1,600 to 2,200 meters. -
Primula obconica subsp. nigroglandulosa ( WWSmith & HRFletcher ) CMHu :
The leaf blade is rounded and on the underside densely dotted with tiny black glands. The inflorescence stems are longer than the rosette leaves and much longer than the flower stalks. It is endemic to western Yunnan ( Lushui Xian, Tengchong Xian). -
Primula obconica Hance subsp. obconica :
The ovate-elliptical leaf blade is dry, thin, paper-like. The spreading edge is serrated, curved or almost entire. It blooms from March to June. It inhabits shady and moist locations in thickets and forests at altitudes of 500 to 2200 meters. It is the most widespread subspecies and is known from the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. -
Primula obconica subsp. parva ( Balf.f. ) WWSmith & Forrest :
The leaf blade, which is only 1.5 to 5 centimeters in size, is broadly ovate to rounded and with a curved or curved edge. With a length of 1 to 4 centimeters, the inflorescence shafts are shorter than the rosette leaves and hardly longer than the flower stalks. This subspecies inhabits dry limestone rocks at altitudes of 1800 to 2000 meters. It is endemic to middle Yunnan ( Huize Xian, Kunming Shi). -
Primula obconica subsp. werringtonensis ( Forrest ) WWSmith & Forrest :
The broadly ovate to ovate-elliptical leaf blade is membranous when dry, the edge is usually short lobed. This subspecies flowers from May to June. The chromosome number is 2n = 24. It occurs in floodplain bushes and in open forests at altitudes of 3000 to 3300 meters. It is endemic to western Sichuan and northern Yunnan.
use
The cup primrose is popular as an ornamental plant and known as a flowering pot plant . It is one of the primrose species whose glandular hairs produce the benzoquinone derivative Primin contained in the secretion, traces of which can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions on contact . The course of the "primrose dermatitis", which is often observed among gardeners as an occupational disease, is considered extremely persistent. However, primin-free varieties have already been bred.
literature
- Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primula obconica. In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 , pp. 118 (English). online, English (section description and distribution, text identical to the printed work)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Taxon: Primula obconica Hance in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ↑ a b Primula obconica Hance - cup primrose, poison primrose. In: Gifte.de. Ralf Rebmann, October 31, 2007, accessed March 31, 2011 .
- ↑ Henry Fletcher Hance: Stirpium duarum novarum e Primulacearum familia characteres. In: Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. Volume 18, No. 8, 1880, p. 234, digitized
- ^ Albert Gossauer: Structure and reactivity of biomolecules , Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta, Zurich, 2006, p. 277, ISBN 978-3-906390-29-1 .
- ^ W. Kreis, I. Barnickel, F. Häfele: Medicinal plants . 2nd Edition. Botanical Garden of the University of Erlangen - Nuremberg, Erlangen 2001, OCLC 601127546 , p. 22 .
- ^ M. Connolly, J. Mc Cune, E. Dauncey, CR Lovell: Primula obconica - is contact allergy on the decline? In: Contact Dermatitis . tape 51 , no. 4 , 2004, p. 167-171 , doi : 10.1111 / j.0105-1873.2004.00427.x .
