Benedikt Stattler

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Benedict Stattler (born January 30, 1728 in Kötzting ; † August 21, 1797 in Munich ) was a German Catholic theologian , educator and philosopher .

Life

Stattler, the son of a farmer, attended Latin school in the Bavarian Benedictine monastery in Oberalteich and graduated from the Jesuit high school in Munich (today Wilhelmsgymnasium Munich ) in 1744 . In 1745 he joined the Jesuit order in Landsberg am Lech . At the University of Ingolstadt he studied philosophy for three years, mathematics for one year and, from 1754, theology for four years.

In between he worked as a grammar school teacher for the ancient languages ​​in Straubing , Landshut and Neuburg an der Donau . In 1759 he was ordained a priest and in 1763 took the last religious vows . For six years he taught partly philosophy, partly theology in Solothurn and at the University of Innsbruck . In 1770 he became a doctor and professor of theology at the University of Ingolstadt; here Johann Michael Sailer was one of his students.

He also exercised this teaching post with great approval after the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773. In 1773 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich appointed him a member. In addition to his professorship and the office of Pro Chancellor of the University of Ingolstadt, he was given the position of pastor at the St. Moritz Church in 1776 . In 1782 he received the same ecclesiastical office in Kemnath in the Upper Palatinate . After a few years he voluntarily resigned this pastor's position and went to Munich, where he was electoral clergyman and member of the censorship board. He was dismissed from this post in 1794 at his own request. Since then he has lived in Munich as a private scholar. A heart attack ended his life.

Act

Stattler was a well-educated man who, however, was often intolerant of those who thought differently in his philosophical thinking. In bourgeois life, too, he was inclined to polemics, as shown by multiple upheavals with the university and with his colleagues, even though they paid full recognition to his talents, acumen and research spirit. This thinking was based on a thorough study of Leibnitz-Wolffian philosophy, which he had further developed in individual points. He wanted to stimulate the Catholic mind for philosophical studies and counter the prejudice that philosophy was only a forerunner of theology, but by no means an independent science of its own.

As much as he contributed to the revitalization of the study of philosophy and especially to the greater recognition of ethics through his "Ethica christiana universalis" published in 1772, although this work criticized the peculiar mixing of the theoretical with the practical, the purely intellectual with the moral can, in later years he opposed all innovations in the field of philosophy with passion, which was increased by the arrogance of some followers of the Kantian system. From such an illiberal side he showed himself particularly in the two volumes of his "Anti-Kant" published in 1788, in which, however, regardless of the harsh and presumptuous tone, consistency and acuteness emerge everywhere in the views communicated. Stattler's striving to link philosophy with theology worked favorably in spreading more correct views in the latter science. His numerous theological writings contain multiple references to this.

The "Ethica christiana communis", published in three parts from 1782 to 1789 and reissued from 1791 to 1802, differed significantly from the previous Catholic textbooks on Christian morality in that the applied part also focused on the actual principle of morality pointed out and everywhere referred to the Christian truth of revelation. From the theoretical-metaphysical point of view, Christian Wolff's idea of the good and of perfection led him to a goodness of actions out of practical obedience to God, although Stattler did not see what was missing in this term and what astray he could lead. An outspoken researcher who was not constrained by faith, he had distinguished himself several years earlier in a defense of the Christian religion written in Latin. The most noteworthy of his theological writings was his Demonstratio catholica , published in 1775 , in which he denied the general blissful faith of his church and without hesitation awarded bliss to all good people, all honest Protestants. Because of this writing he was strongly attacked by representatives of the Catholic Church, especially by the Benedictine Wolfgang Frölich in the monastery of St. Emmeram in Regensburg, and indicated by the Vatican after lengthy correspondence .

His attempt to unite the Protestant and Catholic religious parties, for which he published a written plan in 1791, is easily understandable from his way of thinking. The positive and the individual were so intimately connected in him with the moral and universally valid and he was so serious about the welfare of his fellow human beings, about the truth itself, that he also strived to gain general access to the positive as it seemed to him .

As an ardent follower of Wolff, he remained faithful to his mathematical method in his philosophical and theological writings. His Latin style was correct without meeting the requirements of classical taste. His German style of writing was fairly correct, but rough and tough. In general, most of his writings were cumbersome and difficult to understand in terms of presentation. The abundance of thoughts, the striving for certainty, again and again removed him from the clarity that he set as his goal. But anyone who worked through his mostly long periods and did not read any further than until he had correctly understood the preceding, achieved a clarity of the terms that would not have been accessible to him in any other way.

For the Jesuit order, of which he had been a member, Stattler retained sympathy even after the abolition. Of the Society of Jesus as it was and should become, he had formed an ideal about which he expressed himself most clearly in his text True and Only Sufficient Reformation of the Catholic Priesthood, published in 1791 . In this book one recognizes the skilled philosopher, the frank theologian, the astute thinker, but at the same time also the determined supporter and defender of everything that belongs to the essence of the Catholic Church. Because of this writing, Stattler had to tolerate some harsh and unjust attacks and especially the accusation that it was his endeavor, in conjunction with the Augsburg ex-Jesuits, such as Leonhard Bayrer , to want to restore the repealed order.

Honors

Benedikt Stattler is the namesake of the Benedikt-Stattler-Gymnasium in Bad Kötzting.

Fonts

  • Tractatio cosmologica de viribus et natura corporum , Munich 1763:
Pars 1 . ( Digitized version )
Pars 2 . ( Digitized version )
  • Theses ex universa philosophia , Munich 1763. ( digitized version )
  • Mineralogiae et Metallurgiae Chemicae Principia Physica , Innsbruck 1765:
[Pars 1] . ( Digitized version )
Pars 2 . ( Digitized version )
  • Philosophia Methodo Scientiis Propria Explanata , Augsburg 1769–1772:
Pars 1: Logica (1769) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 2: Ontologia (1769) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 3: Cosmologia (1769) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 4: Psychologia (1770) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 5: Theologia Naturalis (1771) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 6: Physica generalis (1771) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 7: Physica Particularis Corporum Totalium Huius Mundi (1772) . ( Digitized version )
Pars 8: Physica Particularis Corporum Partialium Telluris Nostrae (1772) . ( Digitized version )
  • Demonstratio Evangelica Sive Religionis A Jesu Christo Revelatae Certitudo , Augsburg 1770. ( digitized version )
  • Positiones ex universa theologia tam dogmatica quam scholastica , Ingolstadt 1772.
  • Friendly defense of the Society of Jesus , Berlin 1773. ( digitized version )
  • Ethica christiana universalis :
[Volume 1] , Ingolstadt 1773. ( digitized version )
[Volume 2] , Augsburg 1793. ( digitized version )
  • Compendium Philosophiæ , Ingolstadt, 1773–1774:
Volume 1 (1773) . ( Digitized version )
Volume 2 (1774) . ( Digitized version )
  • Demonstratio catholica sive ecclesiae catholicae sub ratione societatis legalis inaequalis lege fundamentali a Jesu Christo deo homine institutae genuinum systema universum accurata methodo demonstratum , Pappenheim 1775. ( digitized version )
  • De locis theologicis , Weissenburg 1775. ( digitized version )
  • Solutio Poblematis Aademi: A quibus viribus exceptio illa a legibus Hydrostatices oriatur, quam fieri observamus in aqua quiescente, in vase non semper ad libellam, sed ad superficiem concavam saepe numero, se componente , [Munich] [approx. 1775]. ( Digitized version )
  • What else should one examine the core of Herr Geistl. Raths Gassner, which he has done so far in the name of Jesus, if it has not already been examined a hundred times? , Frankfurt [u. a.] 1775.
  • Theologiae christianae theoreticae , Munich / Pappenheim / Eichstätt 1776–1780:
Tractatus I: De Deo Uno , Pappenheim 1776. ( digitized version )
Tractatus II: De angelis, Pappenheim 1776. ( digitized version )
Tractatus III: De hominis creatione, et diverso statu ante et post lapsum in peccatum , Ingolstadt 1776. ( digitized version )
Tractatus IV: De gratia Dei , Ingolstadt 1776. ( digitized version )
Tractatus V: De Jesu Christo deo-homine, salutis humanae restauratore, et de SS. Trinitate , Ingolstadt 1777. ( digitized version )
Tractatus VI: De sacramentis , Eichstätt 1780. ( digitized version )
  • Reflexio In Sic Dictam Demonstrationem Catholicam, Locosque Theologicos Magnifici Domini Benedicti Stattler , Regensburg 1779. ( digitized version )
  • Dissertatio Logica de valore sensus communis naturae tanquam criterio veritatis , Eichstätt [u. a.] 1780. ( digitized version )
  • Epistola paraenetica ad virum clarissimum Doctorem Carolum Fridericum Bahrdt , Eichstätt [u. a.] 1780. ( digitized version )
  • Responsa praecisiora auctoris Demonstrationis catholicae ad sibi obiecta a monacho Congregationis Benedictino-Bavaricae in sua reflexione , Eichstätt [u. a.] 1780. ( digitized version )
  • Refutatio Amica Reflexionum In Litteras Retractatorias Iustini Febronii , Eichstätt [u. a.] 1780. ( digitized version )
  • Responsio amica data Baccalaureo Moguntino Nuper De Solutione Obiectionis Lockianae et de subiecto activae infallibilitatis in Ecclesia Christi contra ipsum disserenti , Eichstätt [u. a.] 1780. ( digitized version )
  • Transactio catholica inter PPRRDD Benedictum Sta. et Benedictinum Mon. Ba. , o. O. [approx. 1780].
  • Propositiones A Benedicto Stattlero In Universite Anglipolitana SS. Theologiae Professore, Et Procancellario Adsertae , o. O. [approx. 1780]. ( Digitized version )
  • De bono coniugali et sanctitate coelibatus In Ecclesia Christi , Eichstätt 1781. ( digitized version )
  • Dissertatio de duello , Eichstätt [a. a.] 1782.
  • Study plan in Bavaria, contrary to the unjust of the Church and the state extremely harmful, plans of the Prelate of Pollingen ; in Schlötzer's state announcements 1782. Book VI. Pp. 179-185. ( Digitized version )
  • Ethica christiana communis , Augsburg [u. a.] 1782–1791:
Pars I (1782) . ( Digitized version )
Pars II, Sectio I (1782) . ( Digitized version )
Pars II, Sectio II (1784) . ( Digitized version )
Pars III, Sectio I (1785) . ( Digitized version )
Pars III, Sectio II (1791) . ( Digitized version )
Pars III, Sectio III (1791) . ( Digitized version )
  • True Jerusalem, or about religious power and tolerance in everyone and especially in Catholic Christianity on the occasion of Mendelsohn's Jerusalem and some counter-writings; together with an addendum to Mr. Nikolai in Berlin , Augsburg 1787. ( digitized )
  • Second much more important addendum to the addition to the main work titled True Jerusalem , Augsburg 1787.
  • The secret of the wickedness of the founder of Illuminatism in Baiern , Munich [et al.] 1787. ( digitized version )
  • Anti-Kant , Munich 1788:
First volume . ( Digitized version )
Second volume . ( Digitized version )
Appendix to the Anti-Kant in a refutation of the Kantian foundation for the metaphysics of morals . ( Digitized version )
  • The human-consuming monogamy and human-increasing polygamy judged according to the rules of nature, religion and politics , Frankfurt [u. a.] 1788.
  • Liber Psalmorum christianus, see Religio omnis Christiana Theoretica Et Practica in Exercitium precum , Augsburg [u. a.] 1789. ( digitized version )
  • Complete Christian moral doctrine for the entire Christian household or family status. For Christian spouses, parents, children, blood friends, relatives, landlords, housewives, servants and servants, as well as for all their accidental circumstances , Augsburg [u. a.] 1789:
First volume . ( Digitized version )
Second volume . ( Digitized version )
  • Letter from the Anti-Kant to the friend of the truth, about three of his favorite reviews , n.d. 1789. ( digitized version )
  • Letter from the author of the Anti-Kant to the owners of the AL newspaper von Jena about an extremely shallow, but therefore very important review of his Anti-Kant , Munich 1789 , which he published himself. ( Digitized version )
  • New Christian book of psalms, in which the entire Christian doctrine of faith and morals is written in the practice of a steadfast prayer, in the form of the psalms , Augsburg [u. a.] 1789. ( digitized version )
  • The anti-Kant in a nutshell. Or a brief complete refutation of all of the decisive main tenets of the Kantian Critique of Pure Reason , defended by Mr. Johann Schulz, royal court preacher and professor of mathematics at Königsberg in the first part of his examination , Augsburg 1791. ( digital copy )
  • Plan for the only possible union in faith of Protestants with the Catholic Church, and the limits of this possibility; together with an appendix against a new, still advancing Febronius in Vienna Munich [u. a.] 1791. ( digitized version )
  • True and only sufficient type of reformation of the entire Catholic priesthood according to the original idea of ​​its divine founder; by an active friend of truth and the general good , Ulm 1791. ( digital copy )
  • General Catholic-Christian theoretical religious doctrine for sufficient reasons of divine revelation and philosophy , Munich 1791–1792 (is a translation of his Latin moral doctrine in 7 volumes, by himself):
First volume (1791) . ( Digitized version )
Volume Two (1792) . ( Digitized version )
  • First excerpt from the general Catholic Christian moral doctrine or true doctrine of happiness for the upper three schools of the Palatinate high schools , Munich 1791. ( digitized version )
  • Second excerpt from the general Catholic-Christian moral doctrine or true doctrine of happiness, for the lowest schools of the Palatinate High Schools , Munich 1791 (are excerpts from the above translation).
  • A short draft of the intolerable inconsistencies of Kantian philosophy, together with the shallow thinking of so many good-natured esteemers of it. Brightly uncovered for every common sense, and even more so for every beginner in proper self-thinking , o. O. 1791. ( digitized version )
  • Nothwere forced away for my doctrine of necessity in the highest electoral prince. Order for the highest schools drafted general moral doctrine against the attack by the reviewer of the Salzburgerlitteraturzeitung , Munich, who was hidden behind the wall , 1791. ( digitized version )
  • Nonsense of the French philosophy of freedom in the drafting of its new constitution. Shown in the light of warning and instruction for German French philosophers , Augsburg 1791 ( digitized version )
  • About the danger that threatens the thrones, the states and Christianity with complete decay, through the false system of today's Enlightenment and the bold presumptions of so-called philosophers, secret societies and sects. To the greats of the world, from a friend of princes and the true enlightenment. Documented with dates and documents from the archive of our century , o.O. 1791. ( digitized version )
  • Benedikt Stattlers, the scholarship of the Doctor and Electorate of Bavaria, also Fürstl. Eychstädtischen really. spiritual advice, plan for the only possible union in the faith of the Protestants with the Catholic Church, and the limits of this possibility. Collect an appendix against a new, still advancing Febronius in Vienna. Plan for the only possible union in the faith of Protestants with the Catholic Church, and the limits of this possibility , Augsburg 1791. ( digitized version )
  • Harmony of the true principles of the Church, morality and reason with the civil constitution of the clergy of France. Written by the bishops of the departments, as members of the constituent national assembly, and translated from French by BS , Salzburg 1792. ( digitized version )
  • Outrageous hypocrisy of the revolutionary bishops in France, in the one written by them, recommended by a German translator BS High and on Salzburg Ao. 1792. Broken harmony of the true principles of the Church, morality, and reason with the civil constitution of the clergy of France; revealed by a sincere devotee of the Church, etc. des Staats , Strasbourg [u. a.] 1792. ( digitized version )
  • Appendix to the true and solely sufficient type of reformation of the entire Catholic priesthood according to the original idea of ​​its divine founder. From a proven enthusiast of thorough criticism , Ulm 1792. ( digitized version )
  • General Catholic-Christian theoretical religious doctrine for sufficient reasons of divine revelation and philosophy, mainly for the non-theologians among the students in the highest schools in the Palatinate region, and for all those who affect a deeper knowledge of religion, composed by the highest order of the electorate , Munich 1791–1792:
First volume (1791) . ( Digitized version )
Volume Two (1792) . ( Digitized version )
  • True relationship of Kantian philosophy to Christian religion and morality, according to the now honestly made confession of even Herr Kant and his most ardent followers, to all honest Christians, presented to all honest Christians by the author of the Anti-Kant , Munich 1794. ( digitized version )
  • My still firm conviction of the full depth of the Kantian philosophy, and of the extreme damage to morality and religion resulting inevitably from its admission into Christian schools, against two new defenders of its thoroughness and innocence , Landshut 1794. ( digital copy )
  • Catechism of the Catholic-Christian doctrine of faith and morals for children of the first two classes in German schools , Munich 1794. ( digitized version )
  • Small catechism for children from the first rational years , Munich 1794. (is an excerpt from the previous one)
  • Drey questions: I. How did today's Freydenkerey, Maurerey [et] c. II. How did it spread so much? III. How can it be suppressed? : Answered in just as many chapters, and given to others to answer , Augsburg 1795. ( digitized version )
  • Critique of the critical contributions to metaphysics in an examination of the Stattlerische Antikantische , Munich 1795. ( digitized version )
  • Authentic pieces of files because of the condemnation of the stately book, which was partly pursued in Rome and partly sought to avert it: Demonstratio Catholica , Frankfurt [u. a.] 1796. ( digitized version )
  • Further assertion of the criticism about the critical contributions to metaphysics [et] c. against the mutual reviewer in the Upper German general literature newspaper , Munich 1796. ( digitized version )

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Leitschuh, Max: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich, 4 vols., Munich 1970–1976; Vol. 3, p. 17
personal data
SURNAME Stattler, Benedict
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stattler, Benedict
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Catholic theologian, educator and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH January 30, 1728
PLACE OF BIRTH Kötzting
DATE OF DEATH August 21, 1797
Place of death Munich