Blue honeysuckle
| Blue honeysuckle | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue honeysuckle ( Lonicera caerulea var. Edulis ) in Japan |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lonicera caerulea | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The blue honeysuckle ( Lonicera caerulea ), also blue double berry , is a species of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). It is circumpolar with different clans, which are classified as varieties or subspecies.
Description and ecology
Vegetative characteristics
The blue honeysuckle is a shrub that reaches heights of 60 to 80, rarely up to 150 centimeters. The bark of the non-twisting branches and stems is initially dark brown and partially frosted and later it is gray-brown and flaky. The winter buds are brown-red, partly bluish frosted. The terminal buds are spherical with a length of 9 millimeters with a drawn tip. The side buds are elongated, protruding and have keeled bud scales. Often, buds appear.
The opposite arranged leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalk is up to 5 millimeters long. The leaf blade is simple with a length of up to 7 centimeters elliptical-oval and entire margin .
Generative characteristics
The flowers stand in twos in the leaf axils on a common stem (hypopodium), which is shorter than the flowers. The flowers are greenish-yellow and weakly zygomorphic . The two ovaries of a pair of flowers are almost completely fused together. The flowering period extends from May to June. Pollination is carried out by insects ( bees , bumblebees ). From this double fruit knot, little-seeded, black-blue double berries arise .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36, depending on the variety.
Occurrence of Lonicera caerulea var. Caerulea
The distribution area of the variety Lonicera caerulea var. Caerulea, which is native to Europe, extends from the Pyrenees over the Alps to the south-western Czech Republic and to the south-east to Bulgaria. In Germany it occurs only in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in Austria in all federal states except Vienna and Burgenland.
Lonicera caerulea var. Caerulea grows in damp forests, bushes, in the Krummholz region and in raised bogs . It mainly colonizes moist to wet, nutrient-poor and lime-poor raw humus soils . Lonicera caerulea var. Caerulea occurs from the montane to the subalpine altitude range up to altitudes of up to 2100 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , Lonicera caerulea var. Caerulea rises in the Tyrolean part on the Mutte near the Jöchelspitze to an altitude of 2010 meters.
Lonicera caerulea var. Caerulea is a character species of the order of the spruce forests (Piceetalia abietis) in Central Europe , but also occurs in the societies of the order of sloe hedges (Prunetalia spinosae) and gray willow bushes (Salicion cinereae).
Systematics
Lonicera caerulea was first published by Carl von Linné in his work Species plantarum Volume 1, page 174, 1753.
Lonicera caerulea is circumpolar with different clans, which are classified as varieties or subspecies.
In the species Lonicera caerulea there are at least nine varieties:
- Lonicera caerulea var. Altaica Pall. : It is widespread from European Russia to Siberia , western Mongolia and Xinjiang .
- Lonicera caerulea L. var. Caerulea
- Lonicera caerulea var. Cauriana (Fernald) B. Boivin ( Syn .: Lonicera cauriana Fernald ): It is distributed from western Canada to the western USA.
- Lonicera caerulea var. Dependens (rule ex Dippel) Rehder : It is widespread from eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan to western Siberia, Central Asia and western Xinjiang.
- Lonicera caerulea var. Edulis Turcz. ex Herder : It is widespread from Siberia via Russia's Far East to the Japanese island of Hokkaidō and Korea and in the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Nei Monggol , Ningxia , Shanxi , northern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan .
- Lonicera caerulea var. Emphyllocalyx (Maxim.) Nakai (Syn .: Lonicera emphyllocalyx Maxim. ): It occurs in South Korea only in Cheju and on the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō as well as in northern Honshu.
- Kamchatka honeysuckle ( Lonicera caerulea var. Kamtschatica Sevast. , Syn .: Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark. ): It occurs in Russia's Far East .
- Lonicera caerulea var. Pallasii (Ledeb.) Cinovskis (Syn .: Lonicera caerulea subsp. Pallasii (Ledeb.) Browicz , Lonicera pallasii Ledeb. ): It is widespread in southeastern Sweden and from European Russia to Siberia .
- Lonicera caerulea var. Villosa (Michx.) Torr. & A.Gray (Syn .: Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Schult. , Xylosteon villosum Michx. ): It is distributed from eastern Canada to the northwest and north-central USA.
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Web links
- Blue honeysuckle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Blue honeysuckle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Lonicera caerulea L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran (swed.)
- Thomas Meyer: Heckenkirsche data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 878 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 524.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Lonicera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Map with all linked sites: 