Bolkov (Rudník)

Bolkov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Královéhradecký kraj
District :	Trutnov
Municipality :	Rudník
Area :	405.9784 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 37 '  N , 15 ° 44'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 36 '41 "  N , 15 ° 44' 28"  E
Height:	550  m nm
Residents :
Postal code :	543 71
License plate :	H
traffic
Street:	Rudník - Bolkov

Bolkov (German Polkendorf ) is a locality and cadastral district of the municipality of Rudník in the Czech Republic . It is four kilometers southwest of Janské Lázně and belongs to the Okres Trutnov .

geography

Bolkov extends at the southern foot of the Giant Mountains in the upper valley of the Bolkovský potok ( Seifenbach ).

To the north rises the Černá hora ( Schwarzenberg , 1299 m), in the northeast the Zlatá vyhlídka ( golden view , 806 m) and Hladíkova výšina ( Ladighöhe , 768 m), southwest of the Spálov (506 m) and in the northwest the Smrčina ( spruce top , 686 m). To the southeast is the Dlouhý les ( Long Forest ) forest .

Neighboring towns are Na Bolkovské Pasece and Hoffmannova Bouda in the north, Zlatá Vyhlídka and Hladíkova Výšina in the north-east, Javorník in the south-east, Janovice and Rudník in the south, Fořt in the south-west, Čistá v Krkonoších in the west and Čistecký Bolkov and Černý Důl in the north-west.

history

The place in the Seifenbachtal was probably laid out in the second half of the 14th century as a northern continuation of the mountain settlement Hermannseifen that belonged to the Arnau rulership . As namesake, Duke Bolko III. viewed by Opole , who was pledge lord of the rule between 1377 and 1388. The first written mention of Punkundorf took place in 1515. In 1522 the place was referred to as Pulkendorff , 1553 as Polkendorf , 1592 as Polckendorff and 1698 as Bolckendorff .

Since the Hussite Wars , the estate has been owned by the brothers Johann († 1434) and Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg . In 1424 the area was ravaged by the army of Jan Žižka during the siege of Arnau . In 1521 Zdeněk von Waldstein bought the Arnau estate with all its accessories from Johann von Wartenberg . Under Georg von Waldstein († 1584), who took over rule in 1548, the Reformation took hold. In 1590 the rule was divided, with Hannibal von Waldstein, an uncle of Albrecht von Waldstein , receiving the villages of Arnsdorf, Hermannseifen and Polkendorf after the death of his brothers and forming the allodial estate Hermannseifen from them . At the beginning of the 17th century, he had a castle built in Hermannseifen as the seat of power. In 1622 Hannibal von Waldstein died on Hermannseifen, Arnau and Welichow at the age of 46 as captain of the Königgrätzer Kreis . The Lords of Waldstein promoted mining and metallurgy, and agriculture was also introduced in the 16th century, although this was not very productive due to the inhospitable conditions at the foot of the Schwarzenberg. At the end of the Thirty Years War, the rule was re-Catholicized in 1640; this did not change the fact that the population remained Protestant. The Hermannseifen estate remained in the possession of the von Waldstein family until 1706, after which it was acquired by the princes of Schwarzenberg and united with the Wildschütz rule . In the course of the 18th century, linen weaving became an important source of income. On March 26, 1775, numerous rebellious farmers and allies from Forst, Polkendorf and Mohren moved from Hermannseifen to Wildschütz Castle and had their demands for freedom confirmed in writing. During the War of the Bavarian Succession , Prussian troops invaded the village in August 1778. Between August 26 and September 7, 1778, old Fritz took up a position on the ridge of Forst, Schwarzenthal and Ober Langenau . After the fighting ended, Emperor Joseph II traveled to the scenes of the fighting in the Giant Mountains. After the Edict of Tolerance was issued in 1781, a Protestant congregation was formed in Hermannseifen and Polkendorf, which on July 24, 1786, consecrated a Protestant prayer house in Hermannseifen. In 1789, Prince Johann von Schwarzenberg exchanged the Wildschütz rule with the attached Hermannseifen estate with Emperor Joseph II for Borovany . In 1790 the Arnau textile manufacturer Johann Franz Theer bought the estate. In 1807 there was another peasant uprising against the labor in Hermannseifen and Wildschütz. In the following year Franz Theer Freiherr von Silberstein, a son of Johann Franz Theer, acquired the goods. With the inheritance contract of 1815, the Hermannseifen estate was separated from the Wildschütz rule and passed to Josef Karl Theer Freiherr von Silberstein. In 1834 the allodial estate Hermannseifen with the attached feudal estates Mohren and Helfendorf comprised the villages Arnsdorf, Hermannseifen, Helfendorf, Polkendorf, Leopold, Mohren and Johannesgunst with a total of 3692 inhabitants. Polkendorf had 383 inhabitants and consisted of 60 houses, including a mill. Until the middle of the 19th century, the village remained subservient to Hermannseifen.

After the abolition of patrimonial Polkendorf broke away from Hermannseifen and from 1850 formed an independent municipality in the judicial district of Arnau or in the Hohenelbe district . In 1879 Adolf von Silberstein sold the Hermannseifen estate to Friedrich Wihard from Liebau in Silesia . He sold it in 1880 to the textile manufacturer Johann Adam Kluge ( Garnkluge ). After the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the community was assigned to the new judicial district of Arnau in 1922. The Czech place name Bolkov has been in use since 1921 . In 1930 there were 267 people living in the place, in 1939 there were 240. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Polkendorf with its districts Fichtenbach, Goldenaussicht and Schöpsbauden was attached to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Hohenelbe district until 1945 . After the Second World War, the place came back to Czechoslovakia. As a result of the expulsion of German residents, the number of residents fell sharply. In 1946 it was incorporated into Heřmanovy Sejfy . After the Okres Vrchlabí was abolished, Bolkov was assigned to the Okres Trutnov at the beginning of 1961. In 1980 the place lost its status as a district.

Local division

The Bolkov cadastral district also includes the settlements Na Bolkovské Pasece ( Fichtenbach ), Čistecký Bolkov ( Schöpsbauden ) and Zlatá Vyhlídka ( Golden View ).

Attractions

• Ruins of the Protestant church on the field border to Rudník, the building erected between 1785 and 1786 was abandoned to decay after 1945
• Wooden bell tower, the building erected in 1932 was dismantled after the Second World War and rebuilt in 2010 on the old site.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/74339/Bolkov
2. ↑ http://www.riesengebirgler.de/gebirge/orte/Ortschaften_1.htm
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 3: Bidschower Kreis. Calve, Prague 1835, p. 203.
4. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sud_hohenelbe.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
5. ↑ http://www.riesengebirgler.de/gebirge/orte/Polkendorf-2010.htm

Web links

• Ruin of the evangelical church