Bolzum
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Bolzum
City Sehnde
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| Height : | 71 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 5.6 km² |
| Residents : | 1239 (Dec 2018) |
| Population density : | 221 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1974 |
| Postal code : | 31319 |
| Area code : | 05138 |
 The location of Bolzum in the urban area of Sehnde
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Bolzum is a district of the city of Sehnde , 20 km southeast of Hanover . The place is on the edge of the Hildesheimer Börde between the Mittelland Canal and Hildesheim branch canal . It is approx. 20 km to the center of the state capital Hanover and 10 km to the exhibition center .
history
Since about 10,000 BC BC human settlements are proven in the region. Historically, it belonged to the settlement area of the Cherusci , who were absorbed by the Saxons who immigrated from the north .
Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
A Ludolfus de Boltessem is documented in Hildesheim documents between 1225 and 1247. We encounter this form of name until the 14th century. Then it is changed to Bolzem, Bolthsem and Boltzem. In 1593, the spelling Bolzum, which is still valid today, appears for the first time in the hereditary register of the Ruthe and Coldingen offices.
Boltessem may have originated from Boltes-hem and is therefore the place of residence of a Bolte or Bolte. The origin is traced back to an old Saxon name Bald / Baldo, with the letters a later changed to o and d to t. The current form corresponds to the usual Hildesheim ending "um", such as B. in Achtum and Harsum. The place name is derived from a personal name. The family name Bolzum without a nobility predicate has been preserved in the village to this day.
Bolzum belonged to the Great County, which the Counts of Lauenrode from the Hildesheim Monastery had as a fief. Part of the Grand County was 1,200 to 1,671 for the free zone came under the rule of Guelph . But in the end Bolzum stayed in Hildesheim.
19th and 20th centuries
In the 19th century Bolzum received a new sovereign five times :
- In the course of the secularization of the ecclesiastical principalities , Bolzum fell to Prussia as part of the Hildesheim Monastery in 1802 .
- In 1807 Bolzum was added to the Kingdom of Westphalia .
- After the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, Bolzum was again Prussian until 1815.
- At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Bolzum was awarded to the Kingdom of Hanover .
- After the German War , Bolzum became Prussian for the third time in 1866.
Until the beginning of the 19th century or until the peasant burdens and taxes were replaced, Bolzum was under the rule of the manor . Most of the farms were more or less dependent on the property.
About the great fire on Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1857, newspaper reports and contemporary reports reported that on that day, around 3 p.m., the sky over Bolzum and Wehmingen was darkened by thick clouds of smoke. On the Kronenberg lease in Bolzum, playing children had lit a fire in a free-standing oven with straw. Flying sparks caused the courtyard buildings to catch fire and a strong easterly wind caused the fire to jump on and on, so that in Bolzum no less than 14 courtyards and the synagogue, which also housed the Jewish community's classroom, fell victim to the flames. They were all small farms, the buildings were thatched and built in half-timbered houses. And because the harvest was almost completely brought in after a dry summer, the fire found rich food. Burning bacon looked like incendiary bullets . Most of the cattle and household items were lost. The fire even spread to the neighboring village of Wehmingen and left 12 properties in ruins. A child was missing there after the fire and a worker was seriously injured by burns. Fire brigades from the area came to help and prevented even greater disaster. Many of those affected were not insured against fire. To alleviate the first need, food, clothing and household items were donated from many sides. Some house inscriptions provide information about the reconstruction of some houses - now in massive construction. The following can be read on the house at Marktstrasse 16:
Made us poor and bare on Bartholomew's Night.
Lord, you guide of destiny, you have made us happy again
with the house, also with the property, protect us from embers!
On March 1, 1974, the municipality of Bolzum , which belongs to the Hildesheim-Marienburg district, was incorporated into the municipality, now the city, of Sehnde.
Population development
An inheritance register from 1593 shows a total of 41 properties in Bolzum. This probably corresponded to a population of around 180. A person description list from 1773 counts 239 people in 55 properties. Since 1821 we have real population figures:
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1821 | 464 |
| 1848 | 499 |
| 1871 | 492 |
| 1885 | 557 |
| 1905 | 766 |
| 1925 | 910 |
| 1939 | 719 |
| 1951 | 1,389 |
| 1960 | 1,180 |
| 1970 | 1,385 |
| 1975 | 1,696 |
| 1980 | 1,300 |
| 1990 | 1,227 |
| 2013 | 1,280 |
religion
The Protestant Church
The Protestant St. Nicolai Church is a late Romanesque quarry stone building, built between 1280 and 1282. The following is reported about the history of its origins: On St. Nicholas Day in 1277, the Bolzum farmer Luloff Dickewolt fell badly while going to church in Lühnde. He then decreed that a church should be built from his property in Bolzum, which was done. It was dedicated to St. Nicholas . The lords of Bolzum took over the patronage.
The church has been redesigned several times over the centuries. The Romanesque style elements - especially the windows - were largely removed. The interior of the church is baroque. Around 1700, the north wall was moved to the outside for the installation of a Gutsprieche . The pulpit, gallery, a chandelier and altarpieces date from the 17th and 18th centuries. Particularly eye-catching are 16 coats of arms of former landlords and their wives below the estate speech. In the middle of the 16th century the church became Lutheran.
The parish of St. Nicolai belongs to the Hildesheim-Sarstedt parish of the regional church of Hanover . In addition to the church (Am Mühlenberg 4), it also includes the cemetery on the eastern edge of the village.
The Catholic Church
In 1682 the Catholic von Frens family took over the estate and set up a house chapel in the main house. Around 1725 a pastor was also appointed. The chapel was later moved to a converted greenhouse in the garden. Today's St. Joseph's Church dates from 1897/98. It is kept in a neo-Romanesque style. The most valuable inventory is a sandstone baptism from 1591. It is decorated with reliefs, which u. a. show the coat of arms of the then squire Hermann von Haus and his two wives. There is also a goblet from the 15th and a monstrance from the 18th century.
The church has belonged to the parish of St. Bernward in Lehrte since 2014 , in the Hanover deanery of the Hildesheim diocese . The church also includes the cemetery on the southeast edge of the village.
The Jewish community
A “person description list” from 1773 lists a “Jew Nathan” and a “Jew Meyer”. The number rose to 45 people in 1843/44. It went back to 27 in 1871, to one person in 1905 and by 1925 all Jews had left the place. They are listed in the registers as kotters and farmers, but they found their main occupation as small manufacturers, small traders and butchers and in one case as innkeepers. Even before 1843 there was a synagogue community, in 1837 the construction of a synagogue was approved, in which a school was also established in 1839. After the rapid decline in the community, the synagogue property was sold in 1905. Today the house at Marktstrasse 15 still reminds of the Jewish fellow citizens, which bears a Hebrew inscription in a beam: "Granted you are at your entrance, blessed at your exit".
On the outskirts of the village there is still the Jewish cemetery , where the oldest verifiable burial took place in 1825. The last burial took place in 1939. In the early 1940s, citizens of Bolzum began to level the cemetery and wanted to remove the graves. The end of the war prevented this and in 1946 the local council began the restoration. The previously removed hedge was replanted and the gravestones erected again.
politics
The local mayor is Silke Lesemann (SPD).
coat of arms
On a red background, the coat of arms shows three golden bolts that are slanted to the right (heraldically). The lords of the Knights of Boltessem who lived here on the estate carried such a coat of arms. However, the development of the place name shows that the name Bolzum has nothing to do with bolt projectiles.
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Culture and sights
- The Protestant St. Nicolai Church , built in 1282, was erected in 1282.
- The Bolzum lock on the branch canal to Hildesheim is classified as an architectural monument and will be preserved alongside the larger new lock.
- The manor Bolzum was a "noble seat". The village of Bolzum belonged to him and he had lower jurisdiction. The current complex with the manor house from the first half of the 17th century goes back to Statius von Münchhausen . The estate area, which was once enclosed by a wall and a moat, is still an impressive ensemble today. The stylishly restored buildings are privately owned and serve not only for residential purposes but also as a hotel and sometimes as a setting for cultural events.
- There is evidence of three mills for Bolzum. A post mill stood on the big mill hill south of Bolzum. In 1651 she was mentioned in a chronicle. It belonged to the Bolzum estate. Presumably in 1892 it was moved to Wehmfelde, northwest of Bolzum. It stood there until it was destroyed in a storm in 1942.
- Another manor mill stood on the Kleiner Mühlenberg, where the Catholic cemetery is today. It was probably a post mill too. There are no precise data about them.
Evangelical Church of St. Nicolai
- In 1705, the then landlord had a water mill built. The so-called Teichmühle was north of the border with Sehnde. The dammed up mill pond triggered a violent "water feud" between the Guelphs and the Diocese of Hildesheim, as the Sehnder farmers complained that the water for their cattle troughs was being withdrawn from them. The dispute dragged on for over 90 years and was ultimately never resolved. The pond mill was in operation until the Wellspring, which had supplied the water for the mill, dried up in the 1920s with the construction of the Mittelland Canal.
Economy and Infrastructure
Bolzum was an important market town in the 18th and 19th centuries. There were three market days a year: a cattle market, the Johannis market and the Martini market, which were of great economic importance for the town and the surrounding area.
When the railway was built in 1849, Bolzum did not want a train station; it was then built in Sehnde. As a result, trade decreased here. Some merchants, especially the Jewish traders, left Bolzum. Only the martini market has survived as a traditional market to this day. Nevertheless, shops, craftsmen and various entrepreneurs continued to develop here and some of them lasted a long time. In 1995 there were still 55 independent companies. Agriculture is still formative today. The Bolzumer mills are mentioned separately.
In the 20th century, potash mining and the sugar factory in Sehnde provided jobs. Otherwise, the Bolzumers today have their jobs in the near and far area as far as Hanover, Hildesheim and Göttingen.
Customs and club life are very pronounced. Among the clubs, a pony club, a motorcycle club, the Bolzum young company and the shanty choir are particularly eye-catching.
Personalities
- Rosalia Stähr (* 1990), table tennis national player, played for SV Bolzum
literature
- Ludwig Bückmann: place and field names (in Lüneburg homeland book)
- Hans Goedeke: Hereditary register of the offices of Ruthe and Coldingen from 1593. Hildesheim 1980
- Manfred Kotter: Mills in the great outdoors and in the city of Sehnde. Sighted 2011
- Manfred Kotter: The Sehnder fire department book. Sighted 2007
- Carolin Krumm: Monuments in Lower Saxony Volume 13.2. 2005
- Lothar Massold: History and Stories. Bolzum 1996
- Ohainski / Udolph: The place names of the district of Hanover and the city of Hanover. 1998
- Book of arms of the district of Hanover. Hanover 1985
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Numbers - data - facts. sehnde.de, accessed on October 20, 2019 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 223 .
- ↑ The 1925 figure can be explained by the construction of the canal (Mittelland Canal and branch canal to Hildesheim) in the years 1919 to 1928, when many workers lived here temporarily.
- ↑ After the Second World War, the population increased due to the influx of refugees.
- ↑ a b Development of new building areas
- ↑ Klein Bolzum has statistically been part of the core town of Sehnde since 1976.
