Saaleck Castle
| Saaleck Castle | ||
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 Saaleck Castle |
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| Creation time : | before 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | two towers, enclosing wall | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, counts, commoners | |
| Place: | Saaleck | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 6 '35 " N , 11 ° 42' 5" E | |
| Height: | 172 m above sea level NN | |
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The Saaleck is located a few hundred meters from the Rudelsburg upstream of the Saale above Saaleck in Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt . The hilltop castle is only preserved as a ruin and is popular as a destination. It is on the Romanesque Road .
description
The castle is located on a roof-shaped, west-projecting shell limestone ridge immediately south of the village of Saaleck at about 172 m above sea level. NN . The characteristic image of the castle by the two highly visible round Bergfriede formed, the wall thickness is about two meters, and just under 23 meters high. In the masonry of the climbable west tower there is a medieval toilet and a chimney, which mark the habitable floor. The stairs and the viewing platform were not installed until the beginning of the 20th century. The original spire was not renewed in order to create more space for visitors on the platform. The east tower previously served as a defense tower and was uninhabited.
The core castle was once enclosed by an inner and outer defensive wall. The remains of several residential buildings have been preserved on the inner wall. On the two narrow sides of the surrounding terrace, a trench with a wall was created. On the east side of the mountain spur facing the Rudelsburg there are further neck ditches with ramparts.
Comparable castle complexes with two round mountain tombs are Münzenberg , Hohandlau , Botenlaube , Kohren and Thurant .
History and building history
The castle in the Middle Ages and early modern times
The builders of the castle, which was built at the beginning of the 12th century, were probably the Margraves of Meissen, who had Saaleck Castle built as a counter-foundation to the neighboring episcopal Rudelsburg . In the year 1140, Hermannus advocatus de Salek , the noble free von Saaleck are mentioned for the first time, who appear in the wake of the Naumburg bishop as well as the landgrave of Thuringia and the margrave of Meissen . Around 1220 the castle came to the Vargula taverns . In memory of posterity is Rudolf II , landgräflicher Schenk and Mr. von Saaleck particularly famous because he at court Hermanns I . served and Ludwig IV . followed as a crusader to Otranto . In 1344 the Saaleck taverns sold the castle and their property to the Naumburg bishops , who formed the Saaleck office belonging to the Naumburg monastery from the area . Rudolf Schenk von Saaleck-Nebra was bishop (1352-1362) of Naumburg. In 1396 the Bishop of Naumburg pledged the castle back to the Saaleck taverns. In 1523 the main castle of Saaleck was given up and the official business was done from the outer castle. Saaleck castle and office came to the Naumburg office in 1544 . After the transition from Saaleck Castle and Office with the Vorwerk Stendorf to the Albertine Elector August I of Saxony as administrator in 1564, Saaleck Castle was the residence of an official until 1585 . After he moved into the Vorwerk Stendorf, which belonged to the castle, this was raised to a knighthood , while the ownerless castle fell into disrepair. Until around 1800 it served as a quarry for the farmers of the surrounding villages.
The towers and parts of the outer enclosure wall are likely to date from the late 12th century. This becomes particularly clear in the west tower, which can be dated to this period due to the careful stone work and the furnishing with chimney and toilet. The core of the east tower is also still Romanesque, but was rebuilt from around the upper edge of the former ring walls in Gothic times or at least its outer skin was renewed. The extensive outdoor facilities have so far hardly been explored, of which only small traces of the wall can still be seen, which also encompassed the village of Saaleck with its wall and moat.
Castle romance of the 19th century
Around 1804 the Stendorf manor and castle ruins were sold to the large landowners of the Barons von Feilitzsch , who owned the manor and castle until the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ) in 1945. Following the decision of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the castle Saaleck came to the Kingdom of Prussia and in 1818 to the newly formed district Naumburg in the administrative district of Merseburg of the province of Saxony .
The student song written by Hermann Allmers, Dort Saaleck, here the Rudelsburg, has been singing about the romantic landscape of the Saale valley with the two neighboring castles since the middle of the 19th century .
The castle's fountain was discovered during archaeological excavations in 1930, but the medieval building context could not be clarified.
The castle at the time of the Weimar Republic and National Socialism
A castle tower was the last hiding place of the murderers Walther Rathenau , Erwin Kern and Hermann Fischer in 1922, who were discovered there on July 17, 1922. While being arrested, one of the assassins was shot dead, the other committed suicide . The then tenant Hans-Wilhelm Stein, who had given them shelter, was convicted for this.
The militaristic associations Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten and leaders of the Ehrhardt Brigade , in league with the SS and SA, inaugurated a memorial plaque on July 17, 1933 at the keep of the castle for those whom they worshiped as "heroes". In October of the same year, after a "solemn service" by relatives and Nazi celebrities, a memorial stone was erected in the cemetery in Saaleck . Due to increasing pilgrimages by right-wing groups, it was transported away and destroyed in 2000 by the resident pastor with the help of the Bundeswehr .
literature
On the history and building history
- Hansjürgen Brachmann : G 17 Bad Kösen, district of Naumburg (district of Halle) . In: Joachim Herrmann (Hrsg.): Archeology in the German Democratic Republic. Monuments and finds , Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-332-00308-9 ; License production Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-8062-0531-0 , p. 815 f.
- Reinhard Schmitt : On the state of bergfried research in Saxony-Anhalt . In: Burgenforschung aus Sachsen 3/4, 1994, pp. 143–178.
- Reinhard Schmitt: Bad Kösen. Rudelsburg, Saaleck, Romanisches Haus (Große Baudenkmäler Booklet 457) 3rd edition, Munich / Berlin 1996, pp. 2–15.
- Reinhard Schmitt: Castles of the high Middle Ages on the lower Unstrut and around Naumburg. To the state of research. In: Castles around Freyburg and Naumburg . Castles and palaces in Saxony-Anhalt special issue. Halle / Saale 1996, pp. 6–48, on this p. 18 f.
- Reinhard Schmitt: Saaleck Castle, Burgenland district. On the history and building history . In: Burgen und Schlösser in Sachsen-Anhalt Vol. 15, 2006, ISSN 0944-4157 , pp. 6–56.
- Gerd Strickhausen: Ludowinger castles in Thuringia, Hesse and the Rhineland: Studies on architecture and sovereignty in the High Middle Ages. (Sources and research on Hessian history, Vol. 109) Darmstadt [u. a.]: Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt a. a. 1998, ISBN 3-88443-061-0 , p. 238 f. (Strickhausen does not assume that the castle will be built until after 1225, which is dated too late in view of the existing structure, see R. Schmitt).
On the history of the 19th and 20th centuries
- Kai Agthe: "And a song sweeps through the halls ...". Castle romanticism using the example of Rudelsburg and Saaleck. In: palm tree. Literary Journal from Thuringia Vol. 10 Hf. 2, 2002, pp. 7-14.
- Rüdiger Haufe: "The ghosts of Saaleck Castle". The "lord of the castle" Hans Wilhelm Stein at the intersection of the national movement and the homeland movement. In: Rudelsburg - Saaleck - Kyffhäuser . Protocol volume of the scientific conferences June 14-16, 2002 in Bad Kösen and June 13-15, 2003 in Bad Frankenhausen (German Memory Landscapes 1. Contributions to the regional and state culture of Saxony-Anhalt 32). Landesheimatbund Sachsen-Anhalt eV, Halle / Saale 2004, ISBN 3-928466-70-4 , pp. 50-72.
- Jürgen John: Contemporary history and culture of remembrance. Grand aspects and a case study: the Rudelsburg-Saaleck memory landscape . In: Ramona Myrrhe (Ed.): History as a profession. Democracy and dictatorship, Protestantism and political culture (commemorative publication on the 65th birthday of Klaus Erich Pollmann). Stekovics, Halle / Saale 2005, ISBN 3-89923-101-5 , pp. 121-138.
- Rüdiger Kutz: The Rudelsburg as a symbolic place of the Kösener Corps students . In: Rudelsburg - Saaleck - Kyffhäuser . Protocol volume of the scientific conferences June 14-16, 2002 in Bad Kösen and June 13-15, 2003 in Bad Frankenhausen (German Memory Landscapes 1. Contributions to the regional and state culture of Saxony-Anhalt 32). Landesheimatbund Sachsen-Anhalt eV, Halle / Saale 2004, ISBN 3-928466-70-4 , pp. 103–125.
Web links
- Search for Saaleck Castle in the German Digital Library
- Search for "Burg Saaleck" in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
- Saaleck Castle in the book Germania Sacra, p. 71f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Location, construction and extension of the castle on the website of the Saaleck eV home association
- ↑ The current layout of the castle ruins on the website of the Saaleck eV Heimatverein
- ↑ UB Naumburg No. 148.
- ↑ Wilfried Warsitzka: Die Thüringer Landgrafen Verlag Dr. Bussert & Stadeler, 2004, ISBN 3-932906-22-5 , p. 203
- ^ Saaleck Castle on the homepage about the city of Naumburg
- ↑ The Hochstift Naumburg in the retro library
- ↑ a b History of Saaleck Castle
- ↑ Stendorf on www.schlossarchiv.de
- ↑ Places of the Naumburg district in the municipality register 1900