Schönburg Castle
| Schönburg Castle | ||
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 View from the south |
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| Creation time : | around 1130 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Keep, court house, gatehouse, curtain walls | |
| Standing position : | Clerical | |
| Place: | Schönburg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 9 '38.2 " N , 11 ° 52' 6.7" E | |
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The Schönburg is a castle complex above the village of Schönburg near Naumburg (Saale) in the Burgenland district in Saxony-Anhalt .
investment
The hilltop castle rises on a sandstone cliff about 40 meters above the Saale. The complex consists of the outer and core of the castle , each with an almost rectangular floor plan. Between the two there is a kennel , through which a chamber gate with Romanesque edge columns in the gate reveal. The 32 meter high, climbable keep (3.60 m thick wall, original high entrance 8 meters high) with its beautiful fireplace in the tower chamber and the guard room at the top is particularly worth seeing . The tower dates from around 1230. The last building still preserved in the main castle was called the court house - today the knight's hall, in which weddings also take place. Large parts of the defensive walls around the outer and core of the castle are still there.
The older buildings and components of the Schönburg that can still be found today were mainly built in the 12th and 13th centuries. Since the system was no longer adapted to military requirements or converted into a castle after the spread of firearms, a considerable part of this construction period was preserved. The building next to the gate to the outer bailey is the former forester's house and was built in the Renaissance style in 1539/40. Today it is used for a restaurant.
history
The Schönburg was first mentioned in a document in 1137. According to legend, it is said to have been founded by Ludwig the Springer . In the 12th century the owners of the castle were the noble families von Schönburg and von Schönberg . Since 1174 there are also episcopal Naumburg ministries named Schönburg. From around the 13th century until the Reformation , the castle was in the direct and feudal possession of the bishops of Naumburg / Zeitz and also served them as a summer residence. In 1355 Schönburg Castle was pledged to the Naumburg Cathedral Chapter for a short time . In the Saxon Civil War , Apel conquered von Vitzthum in the service of Landgrave Wilhelm III. the castle, which burned out.
The Burgward Schoenburg east of Naumburg formed with twelve surrounding villages since the 12th century a larger to Hochstift Naumburg / Zeitz related goods district, from the late Middle Ages the Stiftisches Office Schoenburg with the places Schoenburg, Poss grove and proportionately Gröbitz and Plotha emerged. The scattered holdings of the Naumburg bishops around their bishop's church on the Saale were combined in the Amt Naumburg in 1544 , in which the older offices of Schönburg and Saaleck , the possession of the secularized monasteries of St. Georg and St. Moritz, as well as the urban softness were absorbed.
With the Reformation , the diocese has been dissolved, the castle became in 1564 the property of the Albertine elector of Saxony over which one electoral Saxon managed bailiff. In 1570 the castle was leased by the electors - initially again to the cathedral chapter of Naumburg. In the renaissance building of the outer bailey, the forestry department was established around 1650 and remained there for several centuries. The decay began on the unused buildings. In 1668 the official property belonging to the castle was sold to the farmers of Schönburg and Possenhain. They then kept getting the well-hewn stones of the buildings for their courtyards. From the 16./17. A number of inventories and building bills have come down to us in the 18th century, which prove the partly poor condition of the building structure, but also the repair work.
In 1815 the castle became the property of the Prussian state through the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna . The romantic era brought more attention to the Schönburg. As early as 1800, restorations were carried out on the castle, aimed at preserving the charming view of the castle in the Saale valley. The keep was also repaired in 1825 to be used as a lookout point.
On July 25, 1860, the young Friedrich Nietzsche and his friends Wilhelm Pinder and Gustav Krug founded the artistic-literary association "Germania" on the castle ruins, in which literature, philosophy, music and language were discussed every quarter. The association existed until 1863.
Over the entire 19th century, repair work was carried out on the ring walls to safeguard the building's existence. After major restoration work in 1884, an inn was opened in the main castle, which was moved to the outer castle after 1927. In 1924 the city of Naumburg took over the castle from the Prussian state together with the Naumburg Delegate Convent . The convent now held its annual meetings here.
After the Second World War , the traditional cultural life in the village of Schönburg was resumed. The "Schönburg village ensemble" with choir, dance group and wind group included the castle. In 1952 the first big singers' meeting took place at the Schönburg. So-called Schönburg festivals followed regularly to this day.
In 1991 an extensive reconstruction of the castle complex began, so that the castle was closed to visitors until 1994.
Courtyard of the outer bailey with a western curtain wall
The keep from 1230
South wall of the main castle with a chamber gate
The court house
Window pillars installed in 1991
Information board reminds of the u. a. "Germania" association founded by Nietzsche
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wedding portal Saxony-Anhalt ( Memento of the original from May 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Schönburg in the book Germania Sacra, p. 67
- ↑ Germania Sacra, pp. 678f.
- ↑ Small stories on Saxon-Thuringian history, Volume 2, scope of the Burgward Schönburg p. 89
- ^ The Naumburg Office in the State Archive of Saxony-Anhalt
- ↑ Wolfgang Deninger: To Friedrich Nietzsche's life. Epilogue to: Friedrich Nietzsche: Gesammelte Werke . Bindlach 2005.
literature
- Friedrich von Sydow : History of the castles Schönburg and Eckartsburg near Naumburg , 1840/1842, repr. D. Issued by Hansjürgen Müllerott in Thuringian Chronicle-Verlag, 2000
- Hermann Großler : Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the province of Saxony, Naumburg-Land district , Halle / Saale 1905
- Friedrich Hoppe : History of the Schönburg an der Saale, the bishop's castle of the city of Naumburg , 1931
- Uwe Baumgart: The Schönburg - Bischofsburg zu Naumburg , 1997
- Reinhard Schmitt : On the history and building history of the Schönburg . In: Castles and Palaces in Saxony-Anhalt, Issue 12, Halle / Saale 2003.
- The Schönburg in the book Germania Sacra, p. 66ff.
