Carl Oberg

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the German physician, see Carl Oberg (Mediziner) .

Carl Oberg (center) in conversation with Pierre Laval (left) and Herbert Hagen (right), Paris 1943.

Carl Albrecht (sometimes also Karl Albrecht , Carl-Albrecht or just Karl ) Oberg (born January 27, 1897 in Hamburg , † June 3, 1965 in Flensburg ) was a German businessman, National Socialist and SS and police leader in Paris with the ranks SS-Obergruppenführer (1944), Police General (1944) and Waffen-SS (1945).

Life

education and profession

Oberg's father, Carl Oberg, was a professor of medicine. After graduating from high school , he took part in the First World War from 1915 to 1918 . He was awarded the Iron Cross and dismissed as a lieutenant . He then appeared as a fighter in the Freikorps , met Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel here and took an active part in the Kapp Putsch in 1920. In 1921 he was managing director of the Escherich organization . After that, Oberg was a liaison officer between the Reichswehr and national associations in Schleswig-Holstein . From January 1926 to 1929 he worked as an import merchant for tropical fruits in Hamburg and was then unemployed for a long time. In November 1930 he bought a tobacco shop ("Trinkhalle") in Hamburg.

National Socialist activity

Oberg became a member of the NSDAP in early July 1931 ( membership number 575.205) and in June 1932 of the SS (SS number 36.075). In 1932 he went to Munich . There he worked closely with Reinhard Heydrich and became his adjutant . It is believed that he was Heydrich's right-hand man in the SD at that time . Together with Werner Best, Oberg coordinated the murders during the " Röhm Putsch ". He became head of personnel at the SD main office in Munich. After arguments with Heydrich he became leader of the 22nd SS standard in Mecklenburg in November 1935 and staff leader of SS Section IV (Hanover) in January 1937. In mid-March 1939 he became SD leader. In January 1939, Oberg was appointed acting police president in Zwickau and from April 1941 was deployed in Bremen in the same function .

Second World War

Oberg's SS and police ranks
date	rank
September 1933	SS-Obersturmführer
March 1934	SS-Hauptsturmführer
June 1934	SS-Sturmbannführer
July 1934	SS-Obersturmbannführer
April 1935	SS standard leader
April 1939	SS-Oberführer
March 1942	SS Brigade Leader and Major General of the Police
April 1943	SS group leader and lieutenant general of the police
August 1944	Obergruppenführer and General of the Police
1945	General of the Waffen SS

SSPF in the Radom district

During the Second World War , Oberg went to the General Government and was SS and Police Leader (SSPF) in the Radom district from October 13, 1941 to early May 1942 . His appointment as SS and police leader was planned from the beginning of August 1941; Oberg did not arrive in the General Government until mid-October. In this function he was responsible for Polish forced laborers and for the arrest of Jews .

HSSPF in France

On May 5, 1942, he was transferred to Paris in occupied France as Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) . After Reinhard Heydrich was inaugurated personally, he took up the post of HSSPF on June 1, 1942. Herbert Hagen became his personal advisor . He mainly fought the Resistance there , including shooting hostages . He was involved in the “ Final Solution of the Jewish Question ” in an exposed position and introduced the “ Yellow Star ”; Around 75,000 Jews were deported to the extermination camps by him and his staff . Oberg was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Police in August 1944. He was nicknamed "The Butcher of Paris" for the French. In January 1943 he was actively involved in the destruction of the old town of Marseille and the subsequent deportation of hundreds of Jews and other French to the extermination camps.

In the wake of the failed coup on July 20, 1944 , Oberg was briefly detained by members of the military resistance . After his release, Oberg is said to have behaved honestly towards members of the military resistance. After the Allies had liberated France, Oberg was given a command in the Vistula Army Group in December 1944 , to which Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler was directly subordinate.

After the end of the war

At the end of the war, Oberg was taken prisoner by members of the US Army in a Tyrolean village. Oberg was first sentenced to death in Wuppertal in 1946 , but then brought to France on October 10, 1946 and sentenced to death again on October 9, 1954 in Paris for war crimes . On April 20, 1958, his death sentence was reduced to life imprisonment and Oberg was released on November 28, 1962. After that he lived in Flensburg, at that time a stronghold of former National Socialists and SS cadres (see Rattenlinie Nord ). His late return application was rejected.

literature

• Ruth Bettina Birn : The higher SS and police leaders. Himmler's representative in the Reich and in the occupied territories. Düsseldorf 1986, pp. 252 ff., 341.
• Bernhard Brunner: The France Complex. The National Socialist Crimes in France and the Justice of the Federal Republic of Germany. Wallstein, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-89244-693-8 .
• Ulrich Lappenküper:  Oberg, Carl-Albrecht. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 385 ( digitized version ).
• Ulrich Lappenküper : The "butcher of Paris". Carl-Albrecht Oberg as Higher SS and Police Leader in France (1942–1944). In: Germany and France at War (Nov. 1942 – Autumn 1944). Occupation, collaboration, resistance. Edited by S. Martens, M. Vaisse. Bouvier, Bonn 2000, pp. 129-143.
• Michael Mayer : States as perpetrators. Ministerial bureaucracy and “Jewish policy” in Nazi Germany and Vichy France . A comparison. Oldenbourg Wissenschaft, Munich 2010, ISBN 3-486-58945-8 , Oberg passim (readable with an online system).
• Ludwig Nestler (ed.): The fascist occupation policy in France (1940-1944). Document selection. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1990 (place and person registers), ISBN 3-326-00297-1 (numerous entries in the index).
• Thomas Sandkühler : Final solution in Galicia. The murder of Jews in Eastern Poland and the rescue initiatives of Berthold Beitz 1941–1944. Dietz successor, Bonn 1996, ISBN 3-8012-5022-9 .
• Hermann Weiß (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for the Third Reich . Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt 2002, ISBN 3-596-13086-7 .

Web links

• Gerhard Paul : Flensburg comrades. In: The time . February 1, 2001

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Ruth Bettina Birn: The higher SS and police leaders. Himmler's representative in the Reich and in the occupied territories. Düsseldorf 1986, p. 341.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Thomas sand cooler : Final solution in Galicia. The murder of Jews in Eastern Poland and the rescue initiatives of Berthold Beitz 1941–1944. Bonn 1996, p. 430.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Hermann Weiß (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for the Third Reich. Frankfurt am Main, 1998, p. 338 f.
4. ^ Bernhard Brunner: The France Complex. The National Socialist Crimes in France and the Justice of the Federal Republic of Germany . Wallstein, Göttingen 2004, p. 59.
5. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 440.
6. ^ Gerhard Paul : Flensburg comrades . In: The time . February 1, 2001.
7. ^ Bernhard Brunner: The France Complex. The National Socialist Crimes in France and the Justice of the Federal Republic of Germany . Wallstein, Göttingen 2004, p. 167 f.