Carl Spitzner

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Carl Spitzner

Carl Spitzner (born May 20, 1831 in Dresden , † December 22, 1899 in Dresden; full name: Carl Gustav Adolf Spitzner ) was a German doctor and porcelain collector .

Life and work

Carl Spitzner was the first child of the Dresden commissioner Gustav Spitzner and his first wife Emma Marie Amalie, who died at an early age. Schmaltz (born July 9, 1811 in Dresden, † June 29, 1847 in Dresden). From 1842 to 1849 he attended the Kreuzschule in Dresden. After studying human medicine at the University of Leipzig , which he in the winter semester recorded 1849-50, doctorate Spitzner there on 15 September 1855 at the internist Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich to Dr. med. with De vi et usu Chinidini Sulphurici in febri intermittente . In his dissertation he reports on the treatment of 50 patients at the St. Jacobs Hospital in Leipzig who suffered from malaria with sulfuric acid quinidine , which, according to his observations, he knew how to use "with the best results in intermittent fever".

From the following year Spitzner practiced as a doctor in Dresden at Badergasse 1; In 1857 he worked temporarily as an assistant doctor “in the hospital”. During the year 1860 the now warped to the Great Meißnergasse 26 young doctors began the systematic collection of coins and especially of Meissen porcelain , which he bought in Dresden and traveling by his own admission "in patriotic enthusiasm". After the sale of his porcelain collection to the Royal Directorate General for Art and Science in 1890, Spitzner continues to be identified as a collector of coins, glasses and pocket watches .

The general practitioner and collector Carl Spitzner was a city ​​councilor for a time , and in this function, together with other doctors, he was involved in opposing the permissibility of installing unhealthy basement apartments and belonged to the medical district association for the Dresden administrative district and "the mixed deputation set up to examine the fountains in Dresden" on. Furthermore, he was a full member of the Saxon Antiquities Association until his death . He lived with his family from 1862 until his death in his father's house at Körnerstrasse 5 and also owned the so-called Körnerhaus in building number 7, where Emil Peschel set up the Körner Museum in 1875 . Spitzner's grave in the now listed Inner Neustädter Friedhof in the Leipzig suburb has been preserved.

family

Family grave in the Inner Neustädter Friedhof in Dresden

On May 20, 1862, Carl Spitzner, whose nephew was the Dresden dermatologist Johannes Werther , married the orphaned Adele Flora Just (born March 17, 1845 in Sebnitz , † March 2, 1917 in Dresden), daughter of the Sebnitz paper manufacturer , in Dresden- Loschwitz Heinrich Adolf Just (born February 11, 1816 in Sebnitz, † January 25, 1846 in Sebnitz) and his wife Christiana Carolina b. Hesse (born April 19, 1818 in Sebnitz, † August 8, 1846 in Sebnitz). The supervisory board of the "Sebnitzer paper factory formerly Gebr. Just & Co.", founded in 1871 and listed on the Dresden stock exchange . also belonged to Carl Spitzner. His marriage to Flora Just went from 1,863 to 1,876 five Dresden-born children - three daughters and two sons - out: the later Dresdner Judge , art lover and genealogist Reinhard Spitzner , who under the pseudonym Reinhard Volker as a writer came forward with the Lieutenant Colonel Kurt Ernst Stein (* November 12, 1855 in Dresden, † July 30, 1909 in Dresden) married Emma Therese Dorothea Spitzner (* October 22, 1864 in Dresden, † June 12, 1916 in Dresden), Helene Flora Cäcilie Spitzner (* April 21, 1868 in Dresden, † June 10, 1948 in Halle (Saale) ), wife of the Dresden textile manufacturer Alfred Creutznach (born February 22, 1856 in Rochlitz , † November 20, 1922 in Dresden), Marie Karoline , who died unmarried as a private Spitzner (born October 8, 1871 in Dresden, † April 9, 1927 in Dresden) and finally the later Oberregierungsberg and head of the Dresden Mining Authority, Karl Spitzner .

Porcelain collection

Carl Spitzner, who always carefully selected his acquisitions, is regarded in the professional world as a "great Meissen collector". As early as 1860 he was one of the few collectors who were interested in Meissen porcelain from the entire 18th century and who did not limit themselves to the period from 1750/1760. However, he was particularly interested in painted dishes. Here he repeatedly demonstrated a lucky hand in finding rare objects ”. On June 2, 1889, Spitzner offered his collection, which "provides an overview of the entire history of the development of Meißen porcelain", to the Royal General Directorate for Art and Science under its General Director Woldemar von Seidlitz , initially without success. On February 10, 1890, he therefore offered them again for sale. In the meantime 116 acquisitions had been made, so that the collection created from 1860 onwards comprised a good 1,400 mostly smaller objects, including 180 plates , 160 jugs , 290 complete cups , 130 individual saucers and 70 saucers as well as 100 figures. In February 1890, the Dresden daily press also reported that the purchase price of 85,000 marks in question had been overbid "by Americans" years ago; An American and an English museum are also interested in taking over the Spitzner collection.

On April 22nd, 1890, the Royal Directorate General for Art and Science wrote to Carl Spitzner that they were now ready to buy the porcelain collection and "for the time being, have it set up undivided as far as possible". In the summer of 1890, the General Management acquired the collection for 90,000 marks, which was gradually taken over between July 12 and August 6, 1890 after the purchase price had been paid, and placed in the Johanneum in old showcases from the Japanese Palace .

In 1890, each piece was identified by the initials "Sp." In italics and mostly in red, but no inventory number. The 130-page special inventory, in addition to a brief description, recorded the porcelain brands , characters, letters and numbers encountered , as well as information on the place and type of purchase. Carl Spitzner, who during the contract negotiations had urged that the collection be transferred in its entirety and continued under his name, was pleased and grateful, "because the collection in his hometown that I had built up over the years with love and patriotic enthusiasm" Dresden will "now be safely preserved". General director von Seidlitz paid tribute to the collection in 1891 in a three-part magazine article. In March 1892 Chamberlain Rudolf Karl Freiherr von Finck pointed out in retrospect to the First Chamber of the Saxon State Parliament that “we have succeeded in acquiring the important Spitzner collection for our porcelain collection; It has thus filled an essential gap and given the opportunity to put together a continuous series of the brands of our Meissen porcelain factory, which unfortunately was missing until now ”.

The special inventory added to the porcelain collection in 1890 when the Spitzner collection was taken over was initially considered a war loss in 1945, but was found again in spring 1985. 71 objects from the Spitzner Collection could thus be assigned to war losses. In 1988 the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden presented the exhibition “Figural Porcelain from the Spitzner Collection” in the Zwinger .

Publications

  • De vi et usu Chinidini Sulphurici in febri intermittente. Dissertatio Inauguralis Medica . Reclam-Verlag, Leipzig 1855
  • About quinidine and its action in intermittent fever . In: Archiv für Physiologische Heilkunde 1856, Issue 3, pp. 391 ff. ( Limited preview in Google book search)

literature

  • Personnel directory of the University of Leipzig for the winter semester 1849/50. Written by Ferdinand Nischwitz, first pedell at the university, under the supervision of the academic authorities. Leipzig undated
  • Program of the grammar school in Dresden, with which the teacher college invites you to the public exams on March 18th to 20th and to the Valedictions Act on March 25th. E. Blochmann und Sohn, Dresden 1850, p. 48 ( books.google.de ), accessed on March 13, 2011
  • Julius Clarus : About quinidine and its effect in intermittent fever [review]. In: Schmidt's yearbooks of domestic and foreign entire medicine . Printed by and published by Otto Wigand, Leipzig 1856, p. 173 ( books.google.de ), accessed on January 10, 2011
  • Address and business handbook of the royal capital and residence city of Dresden for the year 1856. Liepsch & Reichardt, Dresden 1856, p. 203 ( digital.slub-dresden.de ), accessed on January 6, 2013
  • Carl Philipp Falck : Achievements in pharmacodynamics and toxicology [review]. In: Canstatt's annual report on the advances in pharmacy and allied sciences in all countries in 1856 . Verlag der Stahel'schen Buchhandlung, Würzburg 1857, pp. 175 ff. ( Books.google.de ), accessed on February 25, 2011
  • Address and business handbook of the royal capital and residence city of Dresden for the year 1862. Liepsch & Reichardt and Blochmann & Sohn, Dresden 1861, p. 218 ( digital.slub-dresden.de ), accessed on January 6, 2013
  • Correspondence sheet of the medical and pharmaceutical district associations in the Kingdom of Saxony 1 (1866) 1 of January 8, 1866 ( books.google.de ), accessed on October 22, 2011
  • First annual report of the Landes-Medicinal-Collegium on the medicinal system in the Kingdom of Saxony for the year 1867 . Printed by and published by C. Heinrich, Dresden-Neustadt 1869, p. 135 ( books.google.de ), accessed on January 10, 2011
  • Saxon village newspaper. An entertaining paper for the citizen and farmer from July 4, 1873, p. 6 ( books.google.de ), accessed on April 5, 2015
  • William Christians: German stock market papers. Vol. 2, Julius Springer, Berlin 1880, p. 471 ( books.google.de ), accessed on April 5, 2015
  • Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden: Inventories No. 352 a: Directory of the Dr. Spitzner. Handwritten in 1890 with an addendum from 1892
  • Woldemar von Seidlitz : The Spitzner collection of Altmeißen porcelains. In: Art Chronicle. Weekly for arts and crafts. New series, 2nd year, 1890/91, issue 21, column 356 ff. ( Digitized version ), issue 22, column 375 ff. ( Digitized version ) and issue 24, column 408 f. ( Digitized version ), accessed February 25, 2011
  • Woldemar von Seidlitz: The Spitzner collection of old Meissen porcelains. In: Scientific supplement to the Leipziger Zeitung 1891, No. 2 of January 5, 1891, p. 5 ff.
  • Information about the negotiations of the ordinary parliament in the Kingdom of Saxony during the years 1891-1892. First chamber. Printed by Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner , Vol. 1, Dresden 1892, p. 490 ( landtagsprotlog.sachsendigital.de ), accessed on January 10, 2011
  • Robert Forrer , H. Fischer (Ed.): Address book for museums, libraries, collectors and antiquarians. A manual for collectors, auctioneers, museum managers and dealers. Strasbourg 1897, p. 21
  • Erich Weise (Hrsg.): Family chronicle of the Spitzner family. Printed and published by C. Heinrich, Dresden-Neustadt 1936, pp. 53 and 58.
  • Klaus-Peter Arnold : figurative porcelain from the Spitzner collection. Exhibition from August 19 to December 29, 1988. Published by the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Porzellansammlung im Zwinger, Dresden 1988
  • Ingelore Menzhausen : Memorial sheet for a great Meissen collector: Dr. Carl Spitzner in Dresden. In: Keramos 126 (1989), p. 3 ff.
  • Jens Blecher, Gerald Wiemers (ed.): The matriculation of the University of Leipzig. Volume 2: The years 1832 to 1863 , publishing house and database for the humanities, Weimar 2007, p. 321
  • Albert Spitzner-Jahn: The Vogtland Spitzner family. Self-published, 2nd edition, Kamp-Lintfort 2011, pp. 10 f., 57 f., 117 and 154 f.