Celldömölk
| Celldömölk | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Western Transdanubia | ||||
| County : | Vas | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Celldömölk | ||||
| District since 1.1.2013 : | Celldömölk | ||||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 15 ' N , 17 ° 9' E | ||||
| Area : | 52.39 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 10,823 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 207 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 95 | ||||
| Postal code : | 9500 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 27094 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Structure : | Core city, 2 villages | ||||
| Mayor : | László Fehér (CSÖCE) | ||||
| Postal address : | Városháza tér 1 9500 Celldömölk |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Celldömölk (German: Kleinmariazell ) is a small town in Hungary . It is located about 40 km east of Szombathely ( Steinamanger ) on the eastern border of Vas County in the Nyugat-Dunántúl region ( western Transdanubia ) and is the administrative seat of the Celldömölk district of the same name .
geography
Celldömölk is located on the southern tip of the Little Hungarian Plain on the Marcal River . The city forms one of the economic and cultural centers of the area called Kemenesalja ; Celldömölk is a railway junction and place of pilgrimage. About four kilometers southwest of the city is the witness Berg Schagberg ( Ság hegy ) . The 291 m above sea level. NN high volcanic basalt dome is the westernmost mountain of the Transdanubian witness mountain landscape on the Balaton highlands (cf. Somló , Kis-Somlyó ).
The compactly built core city is predominantly characterized by dense, small-scale development, as is typical for Hungarian row villages . In some places after the Second World War, four to five-story apartment blocks were built in brick and large-panel construction . The business center is formed by the square-shaped intersection of the Koptik Odo utca , Ság utca , Kossuth Lajos utca and Széchenyi István utca , which is bordered by prefabricated buildings, two high-rise buildings and a single-storey department store. To the east of this is the pilgrimage church of the Holy Virgin Mary in a park-like area. The train station is about 500 meters north of it at the other end of Kossuth Lajos utca .
In addition to the core city, two villages also belong to the urban area. About two kilometers south of Celldömölk on the road to Jánosháza is the village of Alsóság. The small clustered village surrounded by garden colonies is located directly at the foot of the Ságberg. Another 2.5 kilometers south is the village of Izsákfa.
history
Early days
The early settlement of the area around Celldömölk has been proven by archaeological finds . In addition to some traces of settlement from the Neolithic, the Copper Age and the Bronze Age, the grave mounds from the Iron Age on the road to Ostffyasszonyfa and in Alsóság should be mentioned. There is evidence of a Celtic settlement in Izsákfa, and a villa from Roman times near Bokodpuszta. A burial ground and the remains of a small fortification come from the Arpad period in the High Middle Ages.
Pórdömölk
Pórdömölk is the oldest part of today's settlement and should go back to the foundation of the Dömölk Benedictine Abbey. It is said to have been built under King Béla II of Hungary in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary and is first mentioned in 1252 under the name Demunk . The abbey church was initially built in the Romanesque style , but was partially rebuilt in the 14th century in the Gothic style with frescoes .
The abbey lost its importance through the administrative reforms under Ludwig I and the subsequent Reformation movement. The buildings were eventually destroyed during the Turkish era. However, the church with its frescoes was preserved and was listed as a historical monument in the 1930s. On January 1, 1946, a grenade explosion occurred in the immediate vicinity, which caused the building to collapse in parts, so that the frescoes are irretrievably lost. Only the church tower was given a roof again in 1947-48.
Nemesdömölk
The village of Nemesdömölk (literally: Adeldömölk) of the noble family Dömölky may have originated around 1400 and is first mentioned in documents in 1457. The place was first devastated by the Turks in 1532 and again in 1620. At the end of the 17th century Nemesdömölk became the capital of the area around the Ságberg. The “articulated place” was the center of Lutheran Protestantism in Eisenburg County. The first Protestant church could only be built after the Edict of Tolerance was issued in 1781. With the rise of Kiscell, the place lost its importance again.
Kiscell
The establishment of the place Kiscell (German, also literally: Klein Zell) goes back to the Dömölk abbot Odo Koptik from Klattau in Bohemia . In 1739 he built a hermitage with a small wooden chapel and a Madonna from Mariazell in Styria on the road to Pápa . A heavy stone fell on one of the workers' heads while the well was being built. The man was pronounced dead because of his severe injuries, but recovered perfectly. Through this miracle, Kiscell became a place of pilgrimage . As a result of the flow of visitors of up to 50,000 pilgrims a year, inns, hostels and souvenir shops have sprung up in the vicinity. The settlement had a purely commercial and industrial character until the 19th century.
Numerous donations enabled the building of the baroque pilgrimage church from 1744–48 . In addition, there was the Way of the Cross in 1755 and the Benedictine Abbey in 1760–68. The abbey was decorated by Stephan Dorfmeister , in 1667 he created the altarpiece of Saint John Nepomuk for the monastery church. The ban on pilgrimages by Joseph II in 1786 led to the dissolution of the monastery. As a result of the now missing streams of pilgrims, the place got into an economic crisis until the repeal of the prohibitions in 1802, which the acquisition of the market rights in 1790 was supposed to compensate. Later Kiscell became a town and district capital. This title was lost again in the course of administrative reforms in 1871, and Kiscell became a large municipality .
The townscape changed in the 19th century. The originally almost exclusively German-speaking settlement was Magyarized between 1835 and 1870 . With the construction of the railway in 1871, the population also increased sharply due to Hungarian immigrants.
Celldömölk
Today's core town with the name Celldömölk emerged from the union of the places Kiscell and Nemesdömölk in 1907. The name Kiscells, Klein Zell, was adopted as the German name. Alsóság was incorporated in 1950 and Izsákfa in 1978. The old town center of Kiscell has been turned into a business center. In 1978 Celldömölk was promoted to town.
Alsóság
The village of Alsóság (literally: Unterság, meaning the Ságberg) was first mentioned in 1272. 1325 is reported about a pastor and a church. At the beginning of the 15th century, the royal possession of the village, together with Somló Castle, came into the possession of the Garay and Sitkey families . At that time Alsóság had customs rights ; Weekly markets were held. In 1477 there were 69 houses and farms in addition to the stone church. Alsóság was a market town from 1558 until the 19th century . The place lost its importance with the construction of the railway and the development of Kiscell.
The development of the settlement was significantly influenced by the Ságberg. According to legend, it was built by the "devils from Alsóság". Wine is grown on the mountain, which due to its high acid content is said to help against stomach diseases. Basalt mining was stopped by the 1970s at the latest. Parts of the area are now used as a museum. The Ságberg has been a nature reserve since 1975.
Izsákfa
The village probably originated in the 14th or 15th century and was first mentioned in a document in 1542. In 1890 it was a separate parish. The most magnificent building in the village is the Somogyi Manor, which houses the library and the parish hall. The vagabond Joseph Savanyú was born in Izsákfa .
economy
The main sources of income for the city are viticulture on the Ságberg and tourism. In the past, the basalt quarry and the railroad were important employers.
In the north-west of the city there is a tank farm from communist times. There are 30,000 tons of fuel stored there, which at that time corresponded to the nationwide requirement of three days. The army maintained a depot in the Alsóság district at the foot of the Ságberg.
In September 2005, the first construction phase of the Vulkán fürdö thermal bath (German: Vulkanbad ) was opened on the southern edge of the city center. By 2008 a total of 12 pools with a total of 2500 m² of water are to be built. The city hopes that this will provide new impetus for tourism.
traffic
Celldömölk is a railway junction. Here the electrified main line Székesfehérvár - Celldömölk (- Szombathely ) joins the Hungarian Western Railway . Local trains to Zalaegerszeg and to Lake Balaton also start here . The route of the Raab-Oedenburg-Ebenfurter Railway to Fertőszentmiklós was closed on January 6, 1979 and has since been dismantled. The branching off of the two main lines is designed as a triangular track, so that the Győr – Székesfehérvár route can also be served without worrying at Celldömölk station. There is a depot for this on the route to Székesfehérvár.
On the other hand, Celldömölk is relatively remote on the Hungarian national roads. The main road 84 runs 15 kilometers further west, the main road 8 and Europastraße 66 about 18 kilometers south. The main road in Celldömölk itself is the 8404 Sárvár – Pápa road. It is 18 kilometers to Sárvár and 28 kilometers to Pápa. There are also road 8429 to Jánosháza and road 8611 to Kapuvár .
About ten kilometers as the crow flies northwest of the city near Ostffyasszonyfa is the Pannonia Ring .
Culture and sights
Events
The regular events in the city include the spring days in Alsóság in May, the brass band meeting in the Ságberg crater, the crater concert in the former basalt mine, in June the "Vulkan-Pokal", the international football tournament for young people , the summer theater and art festival, the international handball youth festival in August, the Zell fair, the pilgrimage to Mary in September and the grape harvest festival on Ságberg.
Attractions
In the city center is the Mercy Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, built 1744–48. The baroque abbey church with murals by István Dorfmeister was built on the model of the Mariazell basilica . Therefore, Klein Zell is also called "Klein-Mariazell". The city administration is now located in the former Benedictine abbey next door. The elaborately designed Way of the Cross has also been preserved. Also worth seeing are the Protestant church and the remains of the former Pórdömölk abbey church.
The second important sight is the Ságberg. Due to its geological characteristics, it is rich in rare plants and animals. The mountain and the crater of the former basalt quarry are under nature protection. The Sághegyi múzeum is housed in the former substation of the mine . On the one hand it is a viticulture and mining museum and on the other hand it shows numerous archaeological finds from the quarry. A geological nature trail has been set up in the quarry itself.
To commemorate the Trianon Peace Treaty , the Trianon Memorial was inaugurated in 1934 not far from the mountain summit . The cross-shaped monument can be seen from afar. It was last renovated in 1997 and has been illuminated since 2000.
Others
The film Eragon - The Legacy of the Dragon Riders was shot in Celldömolk in 2005.
Twin cities
-
Neudau (Styria), Austria (since 1984) -
Pagnacco , Italy (since 1993) -
Serramazzoni , Italy (since 1994)
-
Sângeorgiu de Pădure , Romania (since 1998)
Sons and daughters (selection)
- Friderika Horváth (* 1970), archaeologist and university lecturer
- Kati Piri (* 1979), Dutch politician, MEP
Honorary citizen
- Otto von Habsburg
- Péter Kiss , former Minister of Social Affairs and Labor
See also
literature
- Reinhold Grether: The Favor of the Border - Reflections on Klaus Hoffer's “Bei den Bieresch”. (Master's thesis) Frankfurt am Main 1984. S. 168ff.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Web presence of the thermal baths (including German)