Hairy calf's head

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hairy calf's head
Hairy calf's crop (Chaerophyllum hirsutum)

Hairy calf's crop ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum )

Systematics
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Scandiceae
Genre : Calf heads ( Chaerophyllum )
Type : Hairy calf's head
Scientific name
Chaerophyllum hirsutum
L.

The hairy calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum ), also known as the rough-haired calf's goiter , the eyelash calf's goiter or the brook calf's goiter , is a plant species within the umbelliferous family (Apiaceae).

description

Section of an infructescence with immature double achenae and husk leaves

Appearance and leaf

The hairy calf's goiter is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 120 centimeters. It has a rolling, articulated or somewhat creeping basic axis. The stem is round, smooth or slightly grooved, hairy protruding and branched above.

The leaves are broadly triangular in outline, threefold, compared to the gold calf's goiter flat, dark green, bristly and downy hairy, but sometimes also completely bare. The lower leaves and the basal leaves are long stalked, the upper stem leaves often sit on the sheath.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. The double-gold inflorescence is overhanging and 10 to 20-rayed before opening. The envelope is missing or consists of one or two obsolete bracts. The husk leaves are lanceolate, pointed, wide with white skin, ciliate and irregularly shaped.

The flowers are hermaphroditic. The petals are inverted-heart-shaped, slightly edged, clearly ciliated on the edge and colored white or pink.

The fruit, which is yellow to dark brown when ripe, is linear, tapered towards the top and 6 to 13 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Similar species

The hairy calf's goiter is easy to confuse with the Alpine calf's goiter ( Chaerophyllum villarsii W.DJ Koch ). But it has threefold basal leaves, where the two basal leaflets are almost as large as the terminal leaflets. The Alpine calf's goiter, on the other hand, has basal leaves that are more than threefold pinnate and in which the two basal leaflets are smaller than the rest of the terminal leaflets.

ecology

The hairy calf's goiter is a hemicryptophyte . The vegetative reproduction takes place through rhizomes, which can lead to pronounced polycorm formation.

Flowers have an unpleasant odor of amines. The proterandric flowers are therefore often visited by beetles and flies .

In addition to the spread of Velcro, the flooding of the seeds plays a role in the spread.

Occurrence

Chaerophyllum hirsutum ( herbarium evidence )

Chaerophyllum hirsutum occurs in the mountainous areas of Europe, in the Alps, the Central European Central Mountains, the Pyrenees, Apennines, the Balkans and the Carpathians . It is originally found in Spain, Andorra, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria , Slovakia and Ukraine. In Great Britain and Denmark he is a neophyte. In Central Europe, the hairy calf's crop occurs absent-mindedly or rarely.

It is very common in Austria; but he is absent in Vienna. It can often be found in Switzerland. Chaerophyllum hirsutum occurs more frequently in Germany only in the south and south-east of the area. In the stream valleys of the mountain forests, it is widespread from the Westerwald, via Rhön, Harz, Thuringia, Saxony (Ore Mountains) to the Alps.

The hairy calf's goat inhabits wet meadows , meadow and brook fringes, banks and fallow grassland, and in the subalpine heights also tall herbaceous meadows and related communities. Humidity, light or only moderately shaded locations are preferred. The hairy calf's goiter is often found in the Chaerophyllo-Ranunculetum aconitifolii (Calthion association), but also in societies of the Filipendulion, Aegopodion or Alno-Ulmion associations.

In the Allgäu Alps, the Hairy Kälberkropf rises up to 1900 meters on the Höfats .

Systematics

Chaerophyllum hirsutum was 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , vol 1, page 258, first published . Synonyms for Chaerophyllum hirsutum L. are Bellia hirsuta ( L. ) Bubani , Chaerophyllum cicutarium Vill. , Chaerophyllum pallescens C. Presl ex DC. , Chaerophyllum palustre Lam. and Chaerophyllum umbrosum Jord.

Common names

For the hairy calf's goiter , the other German-language trivial names exist or exist : Bergkörbel ( Switzerland ), Bergschierling, Groswedendank and Rosskümmel ( Bern , Memmingen ).

swell

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chaerophyllum hirsutum L. s. str., wire-haired calf's goiter (ie p.). In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 837 .
  3. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 701 .
  4. ↑ a b R. Hand (2011): Apiaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Chaerophyllum
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 264.
  6. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Stockholm 1753, p. 258 ( First online publication of Chaerophyllum hirsutum scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
  7. ↑ Chaerophyllum hirsutum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  8. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 89. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Hairy Calf's Head ( Chaerophyllum hirsutum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files