Charles Martial Lavigerie

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Cardinal Lavigerie

Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie (born October 31, 1825 in Huire near Bayonne , France , † November 26, 1892 in Algiers , Algeria ) was a French cardinal of the Catholic Church , Archbishop of Algiers and founder of the Order of the White Fathers and White Sisters.

He was one of the pioneers against slavery and the slave trade in Africa.

Life

Cardinal coat of arms

Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie was the son of a senior customs officer. His father was a laicist ; so it was two maids from his parents' household who taught him to pray. He studied theology at the St. Sulpice Seminary in Paris. On June 2, 1849, he received by Archbishop Auguste Sibour the priesthood for the Archdiocese of Paris . In 1854 he became professor of church history at the Sorbonne in Paris and in 1861 an auditor at the Rota Romana .

On March 11, 1863, he was appointed Bishop of Nancy . He received his episcopal ordination on March 22nd, 1863, by the former bishop of La Rochelle , Cardinal Clément Villecourt ; Co-consecrators were the Curia Archbishops Gustav Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst and François Marinelli OESA .

On January 19, 1867, he was appointed Archbishop of Algiers and on March 27 of the same year by Pope Pius IX. approved.

In 1868 he founded the White Fathers and in 1869 the White Sisters as mission societies for Africa. In 1872 he consecrated the Basilica of Our Lady of Africa in Algiers. In 1878 he took over St. Anne's Church in Jerusalem and set up a seminary for Melkite theology students at the church .

In the consistory of March 27, 1882 he was by Pope Leo XIII. as Cardinal Priest with the title Church Sant'Agnese Outside the Walls in the Cardinal College added. On November 10, 1884 he was also appointed Archbishop of Carthage and " Primate of Africa ".

In his capacity as the founder of the White Fathers , who operated missions around some of the great East African lakes, Lavigerie was directly confronted with kidnapping and slave trade . In his opinion, Muslim slave traders were particularly responsible for human trafficking. On July 1, 1888, he gave a speech in Paris in which he described Muslims as the perpetrators of the institution of slavery and called on Europe to start a new " crusade " against the slave traders . He made a similar statement on August 15 in Brussels, where he advocated a more limited “crusade” in the Belgian Congo . He also gave a lecture in London. In response to the diverse press reports, anti-slavery societies were founded in many places.

Lavigerie's remarks also found resonance in the Muslim world, especially the Ottoman Empire : A series of works were published which, from an Islamic point of view, dealt with Lavigerie's accusation that Islam favors slavery and which go back to Aristotle and antiquity to show that slavery existed long before Islam. In addition, the view was taken in these works that the Islamic - and especially Ottoman - (allegedly) "mild" form of slavery, as far as dealing with slaves is concerned, is not comparable with the form originating from the European cultural area. Reference was also made to a Reformation attitude of Islam on this issue.

Lavigerie was steeped in a decidedly French sense of mission. He also became known for the so-called " Toast of Algiers": On November 12, 1890, at a reception for the officers of the French garrison in Algiers, he declared that it was time for the French Catholics to reconcile with the Third Republic . “As far as conscience and honor permit”. He paved the way for a "connection" ("ralliement") to the republic, after the majority of French Catholics had supported the monarchists since 1871. Pope Leo XIII. had supported him in this and approved the new course in his encyclical Au milieu des sollicitudes of February 16, 1892.

literature

Biographies

in the order in which they appear

  • Felix Klein: Le cardinal Lavigerie et ses œuvres d'Afrique. Paris 1890 (German: Cardinal Lavigerie and his African work. Le Roux, Strasbourg 1893).
  • Alfons Bellesheim : Charles Cardinal Lavigerie, Archbishop of Carthage and Primate of Africa (1825-1892). In: The Catholic. Journal for Catholic Science and Church Life , 27th year, issue 3, pp. 248–266. and issue 4, pp. 356-377, Kirchheim, Mainz 1897.
  • Ludovic de Colleville : Le Cardinal Lavigerie. 1905.
  • Heinz Gstrein : The caravan cardinal. Charles Lavigerie, Cardinal Archbishop of Algiers and Carthage, Primate of Africa and founder of the White Fathers. St. Gabriel, Mödling 1982.
  • Joseph Perrier: Vent d'Avenir - Le cardinal Lavigerie (1825-1892). Karthala, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-86537-359-2 .
  • François Renault: Le Cardinal Lavigerie, 1825–1892. L'Église, l'Afrique et la France. Fayard, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-213-02898-2 .

Articles in encyclopedias

Web links

Commons : Charles Martial Lavigerie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ François Renault: Le Cardinal Lavigerie, 1825-1892. L'Église, l'Afrique et la France . Fayard, Paris 1992, chapter La traite des esclaves: "Jeter un grand cri" , pp. 554-580.
  2. ^ Alfons Bellesheim: Charles Cardinal Lavigerie, Archbishop of Carthage and Primate of Africa (1825-1892). In: The Catholic. Journal for Catholic Science and Church Life , 27th year (1897), p. 250.
  3. ^ Fridolin Rauscher: Lavigerie, Charles-Martial-Allemand . In: LThK, 2nd ed., Vol. 6, Col. 842.
  4. ^ François Renault: Le Cardinal Lavigerie, 1825-1892. L'Église, l'Afrique et la France . Fayard, Paris 1992, pp. 554-556.
  5. ^ Karl Josef Rivinius: Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand . In: LThK, 3rd ed., Vol. 6, Col. 694.
  6. ↑ Horst Founder: Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand . In: RGG, 4th ed., Vol. 5, col. 124.
  7. ↑ Le Cardinal Charles-Martial Lavigerie 1825-1892 , Part 9: L'Eglise et L'Etat ( Memento from April 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 10, 2017.
  8. ^ Charles Cardinal Lavigerie, Archbishop of Carthage and Primate of Africa (1825-1892), Part 1
  9. ^ Charles Cardinal Lavigerie, Archbishop of Carthage and Primate of Africa (1825-1892), Part 2
predecessor Office successor
Fidèle Sutter
as Vicar Apostolic of Tunis 		Archbishop of Carthage
1881-1892 		Barthélemy Clément Combes
Louis Antoine Augustin Pavy Archbishop of Algiers
1867-1892 		Prosper Auguste Dusserre
Georges Darboy Bishop of Nancy-Toul
1863–1867 		Joseph Alfred Foulon
personal data
SURNAME Lavigerie, Charles Martial
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French cardinal and founder of the order
DATE OF BIRTH October 31, 1825
PLACE OF BIRTH Huire near Bayonne , France
DATE OF DEATH November 26, 1892
Place of death Algiers , Algeria