Charles Zwolsman senior
Charles Zwolsman (born August 6, 1955 in Oostzaan , † January 21, 2011 in Nieuwegein ) was a Dutch entrepreneur, drug dealer and racing car driver . He was the father of Charles Zwolsman .
Entanglement in the drug trade
Zwolsman was born as the third child of an employee of the Dutch shipbuilding company Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij . In the 1980s he ran a flower wholesaler in Aalsmeer , which went bankrupt in 1984 . After that, the Dutchman got into the drug trade , becoming more and more involved over the years. First he smuggled hashish in refrigerated trucks from Morocco to the Netherlands. The drug business grew rapidly; At the height of its activities, the criminal organization that Zwolsman headed had almost 60 employees.
He was arrested for the first time in 1988 and sentenced to two years in prison for drug trafficking . A part of the punishment had to the dismount, a residue of probation suspended. In 1992 he broke the requirements and was sent back to prison after being reported to have violated a speed limit in traffic. From there he continued his drug business.
In 1993, shortly after his release, he was arrested again. This time he was charged with fraud related to the import of luxury automobiles from the United States . The third arrest took place in 1995. Again there was a trial; this time the sentence was five years imprisonment for leading a criminal organization. He was also sentenced to pay a fine of 22.5 million euros. He was able to successfully fight the legal force of the judgment for years. Although he was arrested again in 2006 after a raid, he remained at large until 2009. The last arrest followed on June 11, 2009. He and his girlfriend were overpowered by officers from Korps Landelijke Politiediensten in the parking lot of Autobahn 1 near Barneveld . He was sentenced to three years in prison for possession of nearly 1,000 kg of hashish and four illegal firearms.
Zwolsman died in custody in January 2011. No information was given about the cause of death.
Motorsport
Zwolsman used the proceeds from the drug business to finance his passion for motorsport. At the beginning of the 1990s, it had its own racing team called Euro Racing . He started in the Interserie and competed in the sports car world championships in 1990 , 1991 and 1992 . His greatest achievement was winning the Mugello Interserie in 1992 .
With the arrest in 1992, racing activities ended and the racing team was disbanded.
statistics
Le Mans results
| year | team | vehicle | Teammate | Teammate | placement | Failure reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 |
 Chamberlain Engineering
|
Spice SE90C |
 Philippe de Henning
|
Robin Donovan
|
failure | Engine failure |
| 1991 |
 Euro Racing
|
Spice SE90C |
Cor Euser
|
Tim Harvey
|
failure | Engine failure |
| 1992 |
Euro Racing
|
Lola T92 / 10 |
 Heinz-Harald Frentzen
|
 Shunji Kasuya
|
Rank 13 |
Individual results in the sports car world championship
| season | team | race car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Chamberlain Engineering | Spice SE90C Spice SE89C |
SUZ
|
 MON
|
SIL
|
 SPA
|
DIJ
|
ONLY
|
DON
|
 MOT
|
 MEX
|
| DNF | DNF | 14th | DNF | DNF | |||||||
| 1991 | Euro Racing | Spice SE90C |
SUZ
|
MON
|
SIL
|
LEM
|
ONLY
|
LIKE
|
MEX
|
AUT
|
|
| 4th | 4th | DNF | DNF | 4th | 4th | 7th | |||||
| 1992 | Euro Racing | Lola T92 / 10 |
MON
|
SIL
|
LEM
|
DON
|
SUZ
|
LIKE
|
|||
| DNF | DNF | 13 |
literature
- Christian Moity, Jean-Marc Teissèdre, Alain Bienvenu: 24 heures du Mans, 1923–1992. 2 volumes. Éditions d'Art, Besançon 1992, ISBN 2-909-413-06-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ On Zwolsman's first arrests (Dutch) ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Information on the re-arrest of Zwolsman (Dutch) ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ On the death of Charles Zwolsman (Dutch)
- ↑ On the death of Charles Zwolsman (English)
- ↑ Interserie Mugello 1992
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zwolsman, Charles Sr. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch drug dealer and racing car driver |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 6, 1955 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Oostzaan , Netherlands |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 21, 2011 |
| Place of death | Nieuwegein , Netherlands |