Charlotte Salomon

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Self-Portrait , 1940
Memorial plaque on the house at Wielandstrasse 15, Berlin-Charlottenburg
Stolperstein , Wielandstrasse 15, in Berlin-Charlottenburg

Charlotte Salomon (born April 16, 1917 in Berlin ; died October 10, 1943 in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp ) was a German painter .

Life

Charlotte Salomon was born as the daughter of the surgeon Professor Albert Salomon (1883–1976) and his wife Franziska, geb. Grunwald (1890–1926), born into a liberal Jewish family. She grew up in a middle-class environment in Berlin-Charlottenburg . After her mother's suicide in 1926 until her father remarried in 1930 with the concert singer Paula Lindberg , the household was characterized by changing nannies.

From 1927 she attended the Fürstin-Bismarck-Gymnasium, a school for the senior daughters of Charlottenburg. She left the school in 1933, a year before graduation to the anti-Semitic to escape hostility which there since the seizure of power of the Nazis were on the agenda. In the winter semester of 1935/36 she was accepted - initially on probation - at the United State Schools for Free and Applied Arts (today Berlin University of the Arts ) in Berlin-Charlottenburg. Despite the ever increasing harassment against Jewish citizens, she was regularly enrolled in February 1936, because her father was recognized as a front-line fighter in World War I and she was therefore able to benefit from the temporary front-line fighter privilege . After she was denied first place in a competition at the art college, which was to be awarded to her by the jury, because of her Jewish origin, she left the college in autumn 1937.

In January 1939, Charlotte Salomon emigrated to France. There she lived in Villefranche-sur-Mer near Nice with her grandparents, who had lived there since 1934. In June 1940 German troops occupied large parts of France; on June 22nd, Marshal Pétain signed a surrender- like armistice with Germany, which also regulated the extradition of 200,000 Jews to the Gestapo (see Vichy regime ). Charlotte Salomon and her grandfather (her grandmother had committed suicide in March) were interned in Camp de Gurs , but released a short time later because of the grandfather's old age.

The death of her grandmother and the experience of internment put Charlotte Salomon in a deep crisis. In order to process the events, she began to paint again on the advice of a doctor. On November 11, 1942 , the Wehrmacht occupied southern France . In June 1943 Charlotte married the Austrian émigré Alexander Nagler , whom she had met after her escape. The couple was betrayed, arrested on September 24, 1943 in Nice and deported to the Drancy assembly camp near Paris on September 27 and deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp on October 7 . Charlotte Salomon, five months pregnant, was believed to have been murdered immediately upon arrival in Auschwitz. Her husband died on January 2, 1944 as a result of the inhumane conditions in prison.

plant

Between 1940 and 1942 he created 1,325 gouaches in an expressionist style within 18 months . Charlotte Salomon selected and numbered around 800 sheets of 32.5 × 25 cm. Together with explanatory texts and references to pieces of music, they tell a story under the title Life? Or theater? Charlotte Solomon's life. The structure of the work is comparable to a play with all its components in acts and scenes.

It was shown publicly for the first time in 1961. In 1963 the first illustrated book appeared with a selection of her gouaches.

In 2012, selected gouaches from Leben? Or theater? exhibited at dOCUMENTA (13) in the Fridericianum in Kassel.

estate

Life? or theater? A Singspiel

Charlotte Salomon's works have been in the Joods Historisch Museum in Amsterdam (Charlotte Salomon Foundation) since 1971 .

Commemoration

On April 21, 2012 , a stumbling block for Charlotte Salomon was laid in front of the former house in Berlin-Charlottenburg , Wielandstrasse 15 . In addition, a plaque on the house commemorates them. In 2006 a street in Berlin-Rummelsburg was named after her, and a Berlin elementary school has been named after her since 1992.

The Else-Lasker-Schüler Society commissioned in 2007, the "Artcore" collective of artists to the director Andreas Schäfer with the staging of a live radio play of life? or theater? . As part of the XIV. Else-Lasker-Schüler-Forum in Wuppertal, the work adapted by Claudia Gahrke was premiered in 2008. The work was later performed in Berlin, Vienna and Tel Aviv.

In memory of the artist, Marc-André Dalbavie composed the opera Charlotte Salomon , the libretto of which is based on the gouaches Leben? or theater? and which was commissioned by the Salzburg Festival on July 28, 2014 under the direction of the composer in a production by Luc Bondy . Charlotte Salomon was played by Johanna Wokalek and sung by Marianne Crebassa .

The Musiktheater im Revier Gelsenkirchen (MiR) dedicated the life and work of Charlotte Salomon's ballet opera Charlotte Salomon: The Death and the Painter by Michelle DiBucci , in the choreography and production by Bridget Breiner , which premiered in February 2015. The text and the choreography were also based on Salomon's autobiographical work Leben? Or theater? underlying. Parallel to the ballet performance, the Kunstmuseum Bochum showed 250 gouaches under the title Life? or theater? . The works are on loan from the Jewish Museum Amsterdam . A selection of 278 gouaches was published from July to October 2015 under the title Life? or theater at the Museum der Moderne Salzburg in the Rupertinum.

Works

  • Life? or theater? A Singspiel
    A diary in pictures 1917–1943. Preface by Paul Tillich . Introduction by Emil Straus. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1963. Between 1940 and 1942, within 18 months, 1325 guaches "This is my whole life" were created - with these words Charlotte handed a confidante a suitcase full of pictures in 1942. In her visual language she used filmic and comic-like elements and added music titles as accompanying melodies.
  • Life or theater? An autobiographical Singspiel in 769 pictures. With an introduction by Judith Herzberg . Kiepenheuer and Witsch, Cologne 1981, ISBN 3-462-01396-3

Movies

  • Charlotte: a documentary film. Director: Kurt Lindau , Munich 1972 (documentary film)
  • Charlotte S. (in the Dutch original: Charlotte ). Director: Frans Weisz, main character: Birgit Doll , 1981 (feature film)
  • C'est toute ma vie. Directed by Richard Dindo , Paris 1992 (documentary)
  • Love, my darling, is bottomless. Director: Sabine Willmann , with Daniela Ziegler, Amalie Bizer, Michael Holz, 1998 (feature film)
  • Life? Or theater? Director: Frans Weisz, Netherlands 2012 (documentary)
  • Death & the Maiden , Israel 2014, 29 min., Hebrew and English with appropriate subtitles, Tel Aviv international documentary film festival May 2014

Opera and Ballet

Archival material

literature

  • Christine Fischer-Defoy (Ed.): Charlotte Salomon. Life or theater? The life picture of a Jewish painter from Berlin 1917–1943. Images and traces, notes, conversations, documents. Arsenal, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3921810760
  • Margret Greiner : Charlotte Salomon: "It's my whole life" . Novel biography. Albrecht Knaus, Munich 2017 ISBN 978-3813507218
  • Harry Mulisch : The girl and death. In: Speeches on the 2 exhibitions The World of Anne Frank. Frankfurt 1929–1945 . April 6 - May 4, 1986 Bergen-Belsen , and dsb .: Charlotte Salomon. Berlin 1917 - 1943 Auschwitz . Akademie der Künste Berlin , April 27 - June 15, 1986. Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-88331-946-5
  • Griselda Pollock : Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum. Taylor & Francis, 2007, ISBN 9780415413749 (English)
    • 100 Notes - 100 Thoughts / 100 Notes - 100 Thoughts. N ° 028. Allo-Thanatography or Allo-Auto-Biography. Reflections on a picture in Charlotte Salomon's "Life? Or Theater?" 1941/1942. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 3-7757-2877-5 (English / German)
  • Hildegard Reinhardt : Charlotte Salomon, painter. In: Jutta Duck, Marina Sassenberg (ed.): Jewish women in the 19th and 20th centuries. Lexicon on life and work. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1993, ISBN 3-499-16344-6
  • Katia Ricci (Ed.): Charlotte Salomon. I colori della vita. Palomar di Alternative, Bari 2006, ISBN 8876001514 (ital.)
  • Astrid Butterfly: Charlotte Salomon 1917–1943. Pictures of a life. Jewish publishing house in Suhrkamp-Verlag, Frankfurt 2001, ISBN 3-633-54168-3 .
  • Astrid Butterfly: Biographies of Jewish Women: On the Topicality of Charlotte Salomons . In: Medaon 9 (2015), 17 ( online ).
  • Deborah Schultz & Edward Timms: Pictorial narrative in the Nazi period: Felix Nussbaum, Charlotte Salomon and Arnold Daghani. Routledge, London 2009, ISBN 978-0-415-49095-5
  • Michael P. Steinberg, Monica Bohm-Duchen: Reading Charlotte Salomon. B & T, 2005, ISBN 080143971X (engl.)
  • Georg Stefan Troller : Section Charlotte Salomon, in Your Unforgettable. 22 strong encounters. Artemis & Winkler, Düsseldorf 2006, ISBN 3-538-07216-7 , p. 243
  • Edward van Voolen (Ed.): Charlotte Salomon. Life? Or theater? Prestel, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7913-3166-3 .

prose

Web links

Commons : Charlotte Salomon  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.jhm.nl/collectie/museumstukken/01205
  2. ↑ CV
  3. ↑ life? or theater? A singing game | Museum stucco | Joods Historisch Museum | Joods Cultureel Kwartier . Jhm.nl. May 23, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  4. ↑ www.jhm.nl
  5. ↑ Charlotte-Salomon-Grundschule: Charlotte Salomons Leben - a short biography ( memento of the original from February 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / csg.be.schule.de
  6. ^ Salzburg Festival Summer 2014: Marc-André Dalbavie. Charlotte Salomon
  7. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.musiktheater-im-revier.de
  8. ↑ kunstmuseumbochum.de: Charlotte Salomon - Life? or theater? , accessed March 15, 2015
  9. ↑ [1]
  10. ↑ Death & the Maiden on docaviv.co.il
  11. ^ Marc André Dalbavie: "Charlotte Salomon" ( de ) ORF. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  12. ↑ Charlotte Salomon: Death and the Painter · Music theater in the Gelsenkirchen district. Retrieved October 5, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Charlotte: A Tri-Colored Play with Music ( en ) Theaturtle. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  14. ↑ Deutschlandfunk , Büchermarkt, April 15, 2017, by Maria Riederer Survival in Pictures (April 15, 2017)
  15. ^ Kolb in the translator database of the VdÜ , 2019
personal data
SURNAME Salomon, Charlotte
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1917
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1943
Place of death Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp