Chabacano

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Chavacano / Chabacano

Spoken in

Philippines
speaker 607,000 (2000 Philippine Census)
Linguistic
classification
  • Creole language
    Spanish-based creole language
    Filipino Creole Spanish (PCS)
    Chabacano
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

crp (other creole and pidgin languages)

ISO 639-3

cbk

In Chabacano , as Chavacano or Zamboangueño called, is a collective term for the various Spanish-based Creole languages of the Philippines . As a proper name, Chabacano is a language name derived from the Spanish adjective " chabacano ", which has established itself as such in literature and in the broadcast media. About 90% of the words are of Spanish origin. Chabacano came to the Philippines from the Spice Islands in the 17th century and is now the first language of around 607,000 speakers.

In the Spanish-speaking world, the word chavacano (or chavacán for short ) is an expression for "tasteless", "vulgar", "ordinary", "vulgar", "styleless" or "uncouth".

The ISO 639-3 code is cbk, in ISO 639-2 the language is listed under crp(other creole and pidgin languages).

Facts and dissemination

The Chavacano language is the only Spanish-based Creole language in Asia . It has been around for 400 years, which makes it one of the oldest Creole languages ​​in the world. It is also the only language that has developed in the Philippines (as a member of the Filipino languages ) and does not belong to the Austronesian language family, although with the reduplication it has a characteristic commonality to the Malayo-Polynesian languages .

The area in the Philippines in which Chabacano is spoken in red.

Chavacano speakers mainly focus on the areas around Zamboanga City and the island province of Basilan . It is also used in some areas in the provinces of Zamboanga del Sur , Zamboanga Sibugay , Zamboanga del Norte , in Cavite , Davao and in Cotabato . According to the 2000 census, there are more than 607,242 Chavacano speakers in the Philippines. The exact number can be regarded as higher, as the numbers mainly include the residents of Zamboanga City. In addition, however, hardly any other areas were included, and the Filipinos abroad were not included in this figure.

Chavacano speakers can also be found in Semporna in the state of Sabah in Malaysia , whose northern regions are in the immediate vicinity of the Sulu Islands and the Zamboanga Peninsula , which were part of the Philippines colonized by Spain until late in the 19th century. Some people from the Muslim ethnic groups of Zamboanga, such as the Tausug , the Samal and the Yakan on Basilan, also speak this form of language. There are also Muslim speakers for Chabacano de Zamboanga in the neighboring provinces of Sulu and Tawi-Tawi .

There are numerous variations of this Creole language. Their classification is therefore based on the linguistic substrate and the region in which common species can be found. The three known language variations of Chavacano / Chabacano that have Tagalog as a language substrate are Caviteño (used in Cavite), Ternateño (used in Ternate and Cavite), and Ermitaño, which was originally spoken in Ermita, a district of Manila, but is now not is more existent. The other variations that refer to Cebuano as a substrate are Zamboangueño (common in Zamboanga City), Davaoeño (used in areas of Davao), and Cotabateño, which is spoken in Cotabato City . Zamboangueño is the most widespread language form and the main language in the urban area of ​​Zamboanga City.

Chavacano is primarily and in the true sense more of a spoken than a written language. Their vocabulary is predominantly derived from the Spanish language , while the grammar is predominantly based on other Filipino languages, mainly Tagalog and Cebuano . It is still actively used today in education , the print media , television and radio .

In contrast to the Creole languages ​​from Luzon , the variations of the Zamboangueño have adopted most of the loanwords from other Filipino languages, such as Hiligaynon , Subanon, Sama-Banguingui , Tausug, Tagalog and Ilocano . In addition, words from Mexican Spanish, Portuguese and some words originating from the language forms Nahuatl , Quechua and Taíno can be found in the Zamboangueño.

Correct pronunciation

Zamboangueños usually (but not exclusively) speak of Chavacano when referring to their language or when using that term in relation to themselves by referring to themselves as Chavacanos . In contrast, they use the word Chabacano in its original Spanish meaning or refer to the umbrella term for the language itself with Chabacano . The Zamboangueños usually use two different pronunciations for this word. Caviteños, Ternateños and Ermitaños, on the other hand, express the word in the original Spanish way - as chabacano  . Davaoeños, Cotabateños and especially the people from the province of Basilan tend to speak more of the Zamboangueños. It is important to note here that the variants of this language must be differentiated according to their geographical affiliation. The Ermitaño, Caviteño and Ternateño are all similar to those who had Tagalog as a substrate language, while Zamboangueño, Davaoeño and Cotabateño are to be assigned to those who have Visayan languages ​​(mainly Cebuano) as a substrate.

A Zamboangueño would describe his language form as Zamboangueño or Chavacano de Zamboanga , while a Caviteño speaks of Caviteño or Chabacano de Cavite in his language variant , etc. Here everyone uses a geographical reference to emphasize his own characteristics in order to distinguish them from the other variants of the Chavacano to distinguish and stand out from them.

There are also other alternative names and spellings for this language, which depend on the type of language and the context (whether Spanish or native). Zamboangueños sometimes also refer to their language variation as Chabakano . Caviteño is also known as Caviten or Linguaje di Niso or is sometimes referred to as Tsabakano . Ermitaño is also known as Ermiteñ and Ternateño as Ternateño Chabacano , Bahra or Linguaje di Bahra . Davaoeño is also called Davaweño , Davawenyo , Davawenyo Zamboangenyo , Abakay Spanish or Davao Chabacano / Chavacano , as one speaks of Cotabato Chabacano / Chavacano in Cotabateño . The speakers from Basilan regard their Chavacano as Zamboangueño or Chavacano de Zamboanga .

historical development

Zamboangueño

On June 23, 1635, with the construction of Fort Pilar, the village of Zamboanga became a permanent location for the Spanish colonial power. Due to ongoing shelling and attacks by pirates and attacks by the Sultans of Mindanao and Jolo , the situation in the southwest of the Philippine archipelago remained very tense for many years. Due to the simultaneous determination of the Christian missionaries to promote the spread of Christianity in the south of the Philippines and Zamboanga had a crucial strategic position for this, the Spanish worshipers were soon forced to request troop reinforcements from the colonial government.

The military leadership then decided to send workers from Luzon and the Visayas to Zamboanga. The workforce included Spanish and Mexican soldiers, bricklayers from Cavite (who made up the bulk of the workers), sacadas (sugar cane cutters) from Cebu and Iloilo , as well as members of the indigenous peoples, such as the Samal and Subanon, who came from the area around Zamboanga originated.

The differences between the individual dialects and cultures soon led to difficulties in communication between the workers. In addition, the instructions were given in Spanish. The majority of the workforce was uneducated and barely spoke the Spanish language, which meant that they could not communicate with each other or with the Spanish. A pidgin language developed as a lingua franca and developed over time into a full Creole language that is still in use today, especially in Zamboanga City .

From then on, this Spanish Creole language was sustainably supported by Spanish supply troops as well as by the increased presence of Spanish religious and educational institutions.

Caviteño / Ternateño

The Merdicas were a Malay ethnic group from Ternate , an Indonesian island in the Moluccas , which was formerly colonized by the Spaniards after having previously been a Portuguese colony. In 1574, volunteers from the Merdicas reported to Cavite to support the Spaniards in repelling an invasion by the Chinese pirate Lin Feng .

Although the invasion did not take place, the Merdicas community settled in a place called Barra de Maragondonan on a sandbar near the mouth of the river in the village of Maragondon .

Today the place is called Ternate and the descendants of the Merdicas speak the Spanish Creole (with Portuguese influences), which is now called Ternateño or Ternateño Chavacano.

Writing system

Chavacano orthography

The words in Chavacano with Spanish origin use the Latin alphabet with the special characters used in the Spanish alphabet: the vowels with the acute accents ( á, é, í, ó, ú ), the vowel u with the trema ( ü ) and ñ .

The Chavacano words of native ancestry are also written using the Latin alphabet, but pronounced according to the way they come from. The letter k is mainly used in words that come from Austronesian or it can be found in loanwords of the Filipino languages ​​(such as kame , kita , kanamon , kaninyo , kilo or karate ).

In addition, there are additional characters in the Chavacano script such as the ñ ( eñe represents the phoneme / ɲ / ), which differs from the letter n , although typographically it consists of an n with a tilde . There is also the digraph ch ( che , which represents the phoneme / tʃ / ), the ll ( elle , which stands for the phoneme / ʎ / ) and the digraph rr ( ere , which has a strong r ).

The Chavacano alphabet has a total of 29 letters including the special characters described above.

As a general rule, words of Spanish origin are written and pronounced according to Spanish orthography, while local words that are derived from Filipino languages ​​are written and spoken in local orthography.

alphabet

The 29 letters of the Chavacano alphabet including the characters / ch /, / ll / & / ñ / are:

a , b , c , ch , d , e , f , g , h , i , j , k , l , ll , m , n , ñ , o , p , q , r , s , t , u , v , w , x , y , z

Letters and characters

A a a / a / J j iota / xota / R r ere / ˈere /
ere / ˈeɾe /
B b be / be /
be alta / be ˈalta /
be grande / be ˈgɾande /
be larga / be ˈlaɾga / 		K k ka / ka / S s ese / ˈese /
C c ce / θe / L l ele / ˈele / T t te / te /
Ch ch che / tʃe / Ll ll doble ele / ˈdoble ˈele /
elle / ˈeʎe / 		U u u / u /
D d de / de / M m eme / ˈeme /
E e e / e / N n ene / ene / V v uve / ˈube /
ve / be /
ve baja / be ˈbaxa /
ve chica / be ˈtʃika /
ve corta / be ˈkoɾta
F f efe / ˈefe / Ñ ​​ñ eñe / ˈeɲe / W w uve doble / ˈube ˈdoble /
doble ve / ˈdoble be /
doble u / ˈdoble u /
ve doble / be ˈdoble /
G g ge / xe / O o o / o / X x equis / ˈekis /
H h hache / ˈatʃe / P p pe / pe / Y y ye / ɟʝe /
i griega / i ˈgɾjega /
I i i / i /
i latina / i laˈtina / 		Q q cu / ku / Z z zeta / ˈθeta /
zeda / ˈθeda /

vocabulary

Shapes and styles

Chavacano (specifically Zamboangueño) has two levels of use. The common or familial form and the formal form.

In the common or familiar form, native words or a mix of local and Spanish words predominate. This form is usually found in parlance between people of the same or lower social status. It is also used within the family, among friends or in conversations between acquaintances. It is widespread and widely recognized.

In contrast, the formal form is largely determined by Spanish words. It is especially used when communicating with people of higher social status. It is also used among older people (especially in families and with older relatives) and by persons in authority. This form is therefore mainly used by the older generations, with mestizos among the Zamboangueños and within the old districts, the barrios . In addition, the formal form is used in speeches, education, the media and in writing.

The following examples are intended to show the difference between the formal and the common or familial form of words in Chavacano:

German Chavacano (formal) Chavacano (common / familiar)
slippery resbalozo / resbaladizo malandug
rice morisqueta canon
rain lluvia / aguacero aguacero
food comida / vianda comida
Braggart / boasters orgulloso hambugero / bugalon
automobile coche automobile
housekeeper muchacho (m) / muchacha (f) ayudante / ayudanta
father father tata
mother mummy nana
grandfather abuelo abuelo / lolo
grandmother abuela abuela / lola
small chico / pequeño pequeño / diutay
Annoyance fastidio malihug
reasonable testarudo duro cabeza / duro pulso
Slippers chancla chinelas
married de estao / casado casado / casao
(my parents (mis) padres (mi) tata y nana
vicious travieso salawayun
Slip rezbalasa / deslizar landug
ugly feo (masculine) / fea (feminine) mala cara
rain shower lluve tali-ti
lightning rayo whirled
Thunder / thunderstorm trueno trueno
tornado tornado / remolino ipo-ipo
thin (person) delgado / flaco / chiquito (a) flaco

grammar

Nouns

In contrast to Spanish, in Chavacano the nouns generally do not follow a gender assignment. In the Zamboangueño, the article 'el' is almost always in front of every noun in the singular. However, this rule is not rigid (especially in the Zamboangueño), since the formal usage of language, which is dominated by Spanish words, is preferred, especially in written usage. The Spanish article 'la' for feminine nouns exists in Chavacano in the singular, but in case of doubt the article 'el' is used to be on the safe side. Compare:

German noun Singular Chavacano noun singular (common / familiar) Chavacano noun singular
(acceptable or uncommon)
The Virgin el virgen la virgen (acceptable)
The peace el paz la paz (acceptable)
Ocean el mar la mar (acceptable)
The cat el gato el gato (la gata is not used)
The sun el sol el sol
The moon el luna el luna (la luna is uncommon)
The view el vista la vista (acceptable)
The tragedy el tragedia el tragedia (la tragedia is out of use)
The doctor el doctor el doctora (la doctora is uncommon)

As with Spanish, the nouns in Chavacano have a gender, but only when they refer to people. Nevertheless, they are always masculine in the sentence and are always provided with the article 'el'. Places and things are also almost exclusively masculine. The -o is omitted from masculine nouns, while the -a is added to make the noun feminine.

German noun Singular Chavacano noun singular (masculine) Chavacano noun singular (feminine)
The teacher el maestro el maestra
The witch el burujo el buruja
The technician el engliero el engliera
The tailor / seamstress el sastrero el sastrera
The baby el niño el niña
The priest / nun el padre el madre
The grandchildren / granddaughter el nieto el nieta
The professor el profesor el profesora
The councilor el consejal el consejala

However, not all nouns that refer to persons become feminine nouns. In Chavacano, some personal names are almost always masculine and still do not end with the letter -o. Examples: el alcalde, el capitan, el negociante, el ayudante, el chufer.

All animal names are basically masculine and are preceded by the article 'el'. Examples: el gato (gata is not in use), el puerco (puerca is not in use), el perro (perra is not in use).

Names of places and things can be both masculine and feminine. Regardless, they are considered masculine, as the article 'el' always precedes the noun: el cocina, el pantalon, el comida, el agua, el camino, el trapo.

Plural nouns

In Chavacano, the Spanish articles 'los' and 'las' almost always disappear when the plural form of people, places and things (regardless of whether masculine or feminine) is used. Instead, they are replaced with the word 'maga'. Maga is derived from the word 'mga', which is common in Tagalog and Cebuano . This rule is used both in the family and in the formal form.

Some speakers of Chavacano (especially older users of Caviteño or Zamboangueño) tend to use the word 'mana' instead of 'maga'. 'Mana' is widely recognized and is downright common, especially among older speakers. When in doubt, however, the article 'maga' is used almost exclusively to use nouns in the plural.

German nouns plural Chavacano nouns plural (masculine) Chavacano nouns plural (feminine)
The teachers maga maestro maga maestra
The witches maga burujo maga buruja
The technicians maga ENGENIERO maga engliera
The tailors / seamstresses maga sastrero maga sastrera
The babies maga niño maga niña
The priests / nuns maga padre maga madre
The grandchildren / granddaughters maga nieto maga nieta
The professors maga profesor maga profesora
The council members maga consejal maga consejala

It should be mentioned again that this rule should not be taken strictly (especially not in the Zamboangueño). The articles 'los' or 'las' are occasionally used in this language and are placed before certain but few nouns:
los caballeros, los dias, las noches, los chabacanos, los santos, las mañanas, las almujadas, las mesas, las plumas, las cosas .

When in doubt, it is always safer to use the word 'maga' to pluralize singular nouns:
maga caballero, maga dia, maga noche, maga chabacano, maga santo, maga dia que viene (this is a phrase because 'maga mañana 'is less common), maga almujada, maga mesa, maga pluma .

In Chavacano it is common for some nouns to double them in the plural, which is known as reduplication and is a characteristic of the Malay-Polynesian language family:
maga cosa-cosa (maga cosa is uncommon), maga casa-casa (maga casa is also common), maga gente-gente (maga gente is also common), maga bata-bata (maga bata, 'child', is also common), maga juego-juego (maga juego is also common).

In general the endings -s, -as, -os, which characterize the plural form of nouns in Spanish, disappear in Chavacano. The singular form of a noun is usually retained, although it becomes the plural due to the preceding article 'maga' or 'mana':

maga caballeros (wrong) - maga caballero (correct)
maga dias (wrong) - mana dia (correct)

Nevertheless, the use of an -es as an ending for some nouns is quite common and recognized. Sometimes the ending –cion can be pluralized by adding –es:
maga meses, maga mujeres, maga mayores, maga tentaciones, maga contestaciones, maga naciones, maga organizaciones .

In addition, it is safe to use the basic rule (when in doubt) and keep the singular form of a noun preceded by 'maga' or 'mana': maga mes, maga mujer, maga mayor, maga tentacion, maga contestacion, maga nacion, maga organizacion .

pronoun

The pronouns in Chavacano are based on native languages ​​(Tagalog and Cebuano) as well as on Spanish sources; Many pronouns are not used but are partly derived.

In Chavacano de Zamboanga there are three different ways of using certain pronouns, depending on the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the addressee, the family or social status of each other or the mood of those involved in the conversation at the moment. These are the common , the familiar, and the formal forms.

The usual form, especially in the second and third person plural, is derived from Cebuano, while the familiar and formal form is mostly derived from the Spanish language.

The common form is used when addressing someone of lower or equal social or relational status, or when one is very familiar with the interlocutor. On the other hand, it is not used for a formal conversation or for a polite conversation. Their use can also be construed as rude, impolite, or offensive. The familial form is addressed to someone of the same social or kin status. It expresses courtesy and is commonly used in public discussions, in the broadcast media, and in educational institutions. The formal form is again applicable when one turns to the elderly and / or someone with a higher social status or family status. It is also used in scriptures.

Besides Zamboangueño is the only variant of Chavacano, between the inclusive we ( kita ) - which includes the person who speaks to the man (the addressee) - and exclusive we ( kame ) - which excludes the other party - in the first person plural differs. An exception is the formal form, in which nosotros is used in both cases.

The table below shows a comparison of the personal pronouns for the three variants of the Chavacano.

  Zamboangueño Caviteño Ternateño
1st person singular yo yo
2nd person singular vos ( common )
tú ( familiar )
usted ( formal ) 		tú
vo
uste 		vo
uste
3rd person singular el
ele 		eli
1st person plural kame ( exclusive )
kita ( inclusive )
nosotros ( formal ) 		nisos mijotro
motro
2nd person plural kamo ( common )
vosotros ( familiar )
ustedes ( formal ) 		vusos ustedi
tedi
3rd person plural sila ( common & familiar )
ellos ( formal ) 		ilos lojotro
lotro

Verbs

In contrast to other variants of this language, the origin of a verb in Zamboangueño rarely belongs to a Filipino language form. As a result, the Chavacano de Zamboanga mainly contains verbs from the Spanish vocabulary.

Basically, the simple form of the Zamboangueño verb is based on the infinitive of the Spanish verb, minus the final / r /. Examples:
From continuar , hablar , poner , recibir and llevar is continua , speaks , pone , recibí and Lleva , with the emphasis in each case on the last syllable.

There are very few exceptions to this. Some verbs are not derived from infinitives, but from words that actually come from Spanish phrases or Spanish verbs. For example , dar does not become there , but rather dale (literally "to give" in Spanish). In this case, however , dale has nothing to do with the Spanish infinitive dar . The Chavacano brinca (to hop), on the other hand, comes from the Spanish brinco , which has the same meaning.

Chavacano (especially Zamboiangueño) uses the words ya , ta and hay in addition to the simple form of the verb to emphasize the grammatical tense of the past , present and future tense .

German infinitives Spanish infinitives Chavacano Infinitive Past tense Present tense Future tense
to sing cantar canta ya canta ta canta hay canta
drink beber shake ya bebe ta bebe hay bebe
sleep dormir dormi ya dormi ta dormi hay dormi

Outdated words and wrong friends

Chabacano has preserved an abundance of outdated Spanish words that are no longer used in modern Spanish vocabulary. Examples are:

- En denantes - 'back a while' (Spanish: 'hace un tiempo'). It should be noted that en denantes is an outdated Spanish phrase. In modern Spanish this phrase would be expressed as 'poco antes de hoy' or 'hace un tiempo'. In the Chabacano this phrase lives on, like some other old Spanish words.

- Masquen means (if) . In Spanish, 'mas que' is also an outdated phrase that stands for 'though' and which is now replaced by the word 'aunque'.

On the other hand, some Spanish words in Chavacano have changed or acquired a completely different meaning. As a result, some similar-sounding terms with different meanings have emerged in the Chavacano language, so-called false friends , which can lead to confusion in correspondence with Spanish speakers.

Some examples of these false friends are:

- Cerilla , which means 'ear wax'. (In Spain, on the other hand, 'cerilla' means 'matchstick' (as well as 'ear wax'), although in Latin America the meaning 'ear wax' predominates.)

- Siguro / seguro stands for 'maybe'. (In Spanish, however, 'seguro' means 'certain', 'certain' or 'stable'. But it can just as well express a probability as in 'Seguro el vendrá' ('Probably he will come'))

- Siempre means 'natural'. (In Spanish, my 'siempre' means 'always'.)

- Firmi stands for 'always'. (In Spanish, however, 'firme' means 'permanent' or 'permanent'.)

Since accentuation and punctuation have become an important part of the Spanish language, Spanish words often change their meaning as soon as this accentuation is removed. In Spanish, 'mama' and 'ingles' stand for the imperative form of the verbs 'suck' and 'form an arc', in contrast to the more closely related meanings 'mother' and 'English' ('mamá' and 'inglés')

In the Portuguese language , which developed from Galician-Portuguese and is therefore more similar to Old Spanish, na is used as a shortening of em a ('in the'). In Chavacano, however, it can mean a variety of prepositions. Ele is the same as the Portuguese pronoun ele ('him').

Language examples

(Zamboangueño)

Donde tú anda?
Spanish: ¿A dónde vas?
('Where are you going?')
Ya mirá yo con José.
Spanish: Yo miré a José.
('I saw José.')
Ele ya empezá buscá que buscá con el sal.
Spanish: Ella empezó a buscar la sal en todas partes.
('He / she started looking for the salt everywhere.')
Ele ya andá na escuela.
Spanish: Ella fue a la escuela.
('He / She went to school.')
Si Mario ya dormí na casa.
Spanish: Mario durmió en la casa.
('Mario slept in the house.')
El hombre, quien ya man encuentro tu, amo mi hermano.
Spanish: El hombre, a quien conociste, es mi hermano.
(The man you met was my brother.)
El persona con quien ta conversa tu, bien alegre gayot.
Spanish: La persona con quien conversas, está bien alegre.
(The person you're talking to is really very happy.)

Examples of the Our Father

Zamboangueño

Zamboangueño (common)

Tata de amon talli na cielo,
bendito el de Usted nombre.
Manda vene con el de Usted reino;
Hace el de Usted voluntad aqui na tierra,
igual como alli na cielo.

Dale kanamon el pan para cada dia.
Perdona el de amon maga culpa,
como ta perdona kame con aquellos
quien tiene culpa kanamon.
No deja que hay cae kame na tentacion
y libra kanamon na mal.

Zamboangueño (formal)

Nuestro Tata talli na cielo,
bendito el de Usted nombre.
Manda vene con el de Usted reino;
Hace el de Usted voluntad aqui na tierra,
igual como alli na cielo.

Dale con nosotros el pan para cada dia.
Perdona el de nuestro maga culpa,
como nosotros ta perdona con aquellos
quien tiene culpa con nosotros.
No deja que nosotros hay cae na tentacion
y libra con nosotros de mal.

Caviteño

Niso Tata Qui ta na cielo,
quida santificao Tu nombre.
Manda vini con niso Tu reino;
Sigui el qui quiere Tu aqui na tierra,
igual como na cielo!

Dali con niso ahora,
niso comida para todo el dia.
Perdona el mga culpa di niso,
si que laya ta perdona niso con aquel
mga qui tiene culpa con niso.
No dija qui cai niso na tentacion,
pero salva con niso na malo.

Ternateño

Padri di mijotru ta allí na cielo,
quidá alabaó Bo nombre.
Llevá cun mijotru Bo trono; Viní con mijotru Bo reino;
Siguí cosa qui Bo mandá aquí na tiehra,
parejo allí na cielo!

Dali con mijotro esti día,
el cumida di mijotro para cada día.
Perdoná quél mgá culpa ya hací mijotro con Bo,
como ta perdoná mijotro 'quel
mga culpa ya hací el mga otro genti cun mijotro.
No dijá qui caí mijotru na tintación,
sinó hací librá con mijotro na malo.

Months, days, numbers and phrases

The names of months, days and numbers in Chavacano are the same as in Spanish:

German Spanish Chavacano
January enero Enero
February febrero Febrero
March marzo Marzo
April abril April
May mayo Mayo
June junio June
July julio Julio
August agosto Agosto
September septiembre Septiembre
October octubre Octubre
November noviembre Noviembre
December diciembre Diciembre
Monday lunes Lunes
Tuesday martes Martes
Wednesday miércoles Miercoles
Thursday jueves Jueves
Friday four Viernes
Saturday sábado Sabado
Sunday domingo Domingo
one U.N U.N
ten thez thez
hundred cien ciento
fivehundred quinientos quinientos
an hour It la una a la una
five o'clock Son read cinco a las cinco
now ahora ahora
today hoy ( or este día) este dia
tomorrow mañana mañana
today at noon esta tarde este tarde
in the street en la calle na calle / na camino
on the table sobre la mesa encima mesa / na la mesa
in the room en el cuarto adentro cuarto
the door la puerta el puerta
one peso un peso un peso
twenty centavos una peseta un peseta
Well bueno bueno
better mejor mejor / mas bueno
preferably el mejor (de) el con todo mejor / el mejor de todo

Trivia

  • Chabacano is synonymous with an apricot for speakers of Mexican Spanish . Although an apricot is pronounced in Spanish as albaricoque or damasco , in Mexico the variation 'chabacano' is used for this.
  • Chabacano is also the name of a metro station in Mexico City .

literature

  • Michael Bader: Origin and development of Creole languages ​​using the example of Chabacano . University, Passau 2002
  • Bernadino S. Camins: Chabacano de Zamboanga handbook . Claretian Publishing, Quezon City 1989
  • Fernández Mauro: Shedding light on the chabacano language . University Press, Vigo 2001
  • Howard McKaughan: Notes on Chabacano grammar . In: Journal of East Asiatic Studies 3 , 1954, pp. 205-26.
  • John, S. J. Chambers: English-Chabacano Dictionary . Ed .: Salvador, S. J. Wee. Ateneo de Zamboanga University Press, 2003, OCLC 61254160 .
  • Steve Pagel: Spanish in Asia and Oceania . Frankfurt / M .: Peter Lang, 2010
  • Patrick O. Steinkrüger: Notes on Ternateño (a Philippine Spanish Creole) . In: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 22: 2, 2007.

See also

Web links

Wikipedia on Chabacano

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John Brooks: Más que, mas que and más ¡que! . In: Hispania . Vol. 16, No. 1 (Feb-Mar 1933), pp. 23-34, JSTOR 332588 .