Chojnów
| Chojnów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Legnicki | ||
| Area : | 5.32 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 16 ' N , 15 ° 56' E | ||
| Height : | 170 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 13,355 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 59-225 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 76 | ||
| License plate : | DLE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK94 Legnica - Bolesławiec | ||
| Rail route : | Legnica – Zgorzelec | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 13,355 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 0209011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2011) | |||
| Mayor : | Jan Serkies | ||
| Address: | Plac Zamkowy 1 59 - 225 Chojnów |
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| Website : | www.chojnow.pl | ||
Chojnów ( German Haynau ), is a town in the powiat Legnicki of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .
Geographical location
The city is located in Lower Silesia on the Skora (Schnell Deichbar) , about 18 kilometers northwest of the district town of Legnica (Liegnitz) .
history
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The place Haynau was first mentioned in a document in 1288, but it was founded before the Mongol invasion of 1241. Haynau received town charter in 1333. The city divided Silesia as a part of Poland , Bohemia and the German Empire , and in 1742 it passed from Austrian to Prussian ownership .
During the Wars of Liberation , a Prussian equestrian association under Blücher defeated the French Corps Maison in the battle near Haynau on May 26, 1813 .
After the Second World War , Haynau was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in 1945, together with almost all of Silesia . Haynau received the Polish name Chojnów . The city's residents were subsequently evicted by the local Polish administrative authorities and replaced by Polish immigrants. On March 15, 1991, the two-plus-four treaty came into force with which the factual affiliation of Chojnów to Poland was also confirmed under international law.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 8,115 | 6,929 Protestants, 1,053 Catholics and 123 Jews |
| 1825 | 10,227 | thereof 8,591 Evangelicals, 1,270 Catholics, 33 other Christians and 93 Jews |
| 1933 | 11,433 | of which 9,489 Evangelicals, 1,255 Catholics, no other Christians and 66 Jews |
| 1939 | 11,114 | thereof 9,386 Evangelicals, 1,176 Catholics, 14 other Christians and 14 Jews |
Chojnów commune
In the town there is also the seat of Gmina Chojnów, to which the town does not belong.
Attractions
- St. Peter and Paul Church: The first church building was built in the 14th century. The current one-tower church was rebuilt in the 15th century in Gothic style and is the largest three-aisled brick church in Silesia. The main altar dates from 1400, the choir again from 1413. In the 16th century the sacristy was added and the tower was given a top. The church was Protestant until 1945.
- City Hall: The City Hall was built between 1878 and 1891 in the neo-renaissance style.
- Weberturm: The Weberturm is a defense tower from the medieval city fortifications. It comes from the 1st half of the 15th century. Before the tower was converted into a museum in 1905, this was the city prison. Today the tower houses part of the city museum. It stands at today's Plac Zamkowy (Eng. Castle Square).
- Haynau Castle (contains the Zamek - Muzeum Regionalne, which is well worth seeing, also with many pieces of the German history of the place)
- The Haynauer Ring (Polish Rynek)
- Former rifle house (today: Miejski Ośrodek Kultury, Sportu i Rekreacji)
- Main Post Office
- Station building from 1910
- Parish Church of the Virgin Mary
- Former Hohenzollern anniversary fountain (today: Pomnik fontana)
- Hop mountain with water tower
town hall
lock
Haynauer Ring
railway station
Parish Church of the Virgin Mary - in German times the Catholic Church
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sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776–1810), German physicist
- Otto von Hoffmann (1816–1900), Prussian lieutenant general
- Theodor Bail (1833–1922), German botanist and mycologist
- Wilhelm Sander (1838–1922), German psychiatrist
- Georg Michaelis (1857–1936), German Chancellor
- Paul Becker (1885 – after 1938), German politician (SPD)
- Edith Jacobson (1897–1978), doctor and psychoanalyst, chairwoman of the New York Psychoanalytic Society
- Hans Krieg (1899–1961), Jewish composer and conductor, in the Netherlands from 1933
- Oswald Lange (1912–2000), German rocket researcher
- Hartmut Olejnik (* 1930), German garden architect
- Horst Mahler (* 1936), German lawyer and political extremist
Twin cities
literature
- Frank Bauer: Haynau May 26, 1813 (Small Series History of the Wars of Liberation, no.35), Potsdam 2011.
Web links
- Entry on OME lexicon
- City website
- Local information website about the city
- Rural municipality website
- Chojnów then and now
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Arne Franke (ed.): Small cultural history of the Silesian castles. Bergstadtverlag, Görlitz 2015, ISBN 978-3-87057-336-2 , pp. 60f.
- ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. goldberg.html # ew39goldhaynau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Views of the Peter and Paul Church (Polish)
- ↑ Weberturm (Polish)