Chrysanthemum zawadzkii

Chrysanthemum zawadzkii
	Chrysanthemum zawadzkii
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Anthemideae
Genre :	Chrysanthemums ( Chrysanthemum )
Type :	Chrysanthemum zawadzkii
Scientific name
	Chrysanthemum zawadzkii
	Herbich

Chrysanthemum zawadzkii is a plant from the genus of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

description

Appearance and leaf

Chrysanthemum zawadzkii grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 60 centimeters. The independently upright, mostly branched stems are purple-red and sparsely hairy in the lower to middle area and densely hairy in the upper area.

The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 4 millimeters long. In the case of the lower to middle leaves, the leaf blade is 1.4 to 4 centimeters long and 1 to 3.5 centimeters wide in outline, more or less broadly ovate, broadly triangular or almost rhomboid and doubly pinnate. There are two to three first-order leaf segments on each side of the midrib. The end segment is straight or obliquely triangular with a pointed upper end. Both leaf surfaces are of the same color and sparsely hairy or bald. The upper leaves are becoming increasingly smaller and are elliptical or broadly linear and pinnate or undivided.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering time in China is between July and September. In the loose, flat-ending, zymous total inflorescence, there are two to five cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The flower heads are 1.5 to 4.5 centimeters in diameter. In the cup-shaped involucre which are bracts imbricated in four rows. The bracts have a dry-skinned white or brown edge and are bald on the outside or at most the outer sparsely hairy. The outer bracts are linear or linear-lanceolate with a length of 3.5 to 8 millimeters and the middle to inner ones with a length of 3 to 7 millimeters are more or less narrowly elliptical. Chaff leaves are missing. The flower heads contain a number of fertile, female ray- flowers (= ray-flowers) and many fertile, hermaphrodite, yellow tubular flowers (= disc-shaped flowers). The white or purple ray-florets have a tongue 1 to 2 centimeters long with a smooth or tiny edge at the top.

The fruits ripen in China between July and September. The achenes are about 1.8 millimeters long. There is no pappus .

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 54 or 72.

distribution

Chrysanthemum zawadzkii has a disjoint locality in the eastern area of the European part of Russia and a large area in Asia to Japan . The subspecies are found in Poland , Slovakia , the Ukraine in the eastern part of the European part of Russia, in East and West Siberia , in Russia's Far East ( Amur Oblast , Primorye Region ), in Korea , in northern Mongolia , in the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Hebei , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning , Nei Monggol , Ningxia , Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi , on the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō , Honshu , Kyushu and Shikoku . According to the Flora of China 2011, in which the previous subspecies are synonyms of other species, Korea and Russia's Far East are not part of the range.

Systematics and botanical history

This species was discovered in 1829 by the botanist and military doctor Franz Herbich (1791–1865) in eastern Galicia in the Pieniny Mountains of the western Carpathians (now Poland ) and the herbarium at the herbarium of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (now in Ukraine ) deposited. The first description was in 1831 by Herbich. The specific epithet zawadzkii honors Aleksander Zawadzki (1798–1868), a botany professor in Lviv. The long spelling Chrysanthemum zawadskii is based on an error that goes back to Nikolai Nikolaievich Tzvelev. It can be found in literature and databases since 1961. Only in 2014 did Zbigniew Szeląg and Yuriy Kobiv clarify the botanical name. None of the herbarium specimens of this type collected by Herbich in 1829 could be found by Szeląg and Kobiv. The lectotyping by these authors was based on the illustration in Herbich 1831 and the herbarium record with the collective number LW 214045.

Synonyms of Chrysanthemum zawadzkii Herbich are: Chrysanthemum gmelinii Ledeb. ex Turcz. , Chrysanthemum hwangshanense Y.Ling , Chrysanthemum maximoviczianum var. Dissectum Y.Ling , Chrysanthemum naktongense var. Dissectum (Y.Ling) Hand.-Mazz. Fish , Chrysanthemum sibiricum (DC.). ex Kom. , Chrysanthemum sibiricum var. acutilobum (DC.) Kom. , Chrysanthemum sibiricum var. gmelinii (Ledeb. ex Turcz.) Nakai , Chrysanthemum zawadskii subsp. acutiobum (DC.) Kitag. , Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich) Tzvelev , Leucanthemum sibiricum DC. , Leucanthemum sibiricum var. Acutilobum DC. , Pyrethrum zawadskii (Herbich) Nyman .

After the first find by Herbich, other forms were discovered in Siberia, Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan. In the beginning there was the form Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. Found by Maximowicz in the Bureja Mountains in 1856 . latilobum . As a result, several subspecies of Chrysanthemum zawadzkii were described in the wide distribution area . The following selected subspecies are not accepted by all authors, but are mostly considered synonyms of other species:

Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. acutilobum (DC.) Kitag. (Syn .: Leucanthemum sibiricum var. Acutilobum DC. ): It occurs only in the Primorye region and in Korea .
Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. coreanum (Nakai) YNLee (Syn .: Chrysanthemum coreanum Nakai ): It occurs only in Korea.
Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitag. (Syn .: Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. Latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. , Dendranthema zawadskii var. Latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. , Leucanthemum sibiricum var. Latilobum Maxim. )
Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. lucidum (Nakai) YNLee (Syn .: Chrysanthemum lucidum Nakai ): It occurs only in Korea.
Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. naktongense (Nakai) YNLee (Syn .: Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai , Dendranthema naktongense (Nakai) Tzvelev ): It occurs only in the Primorye region and in Korea.
Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. yezoense (Maek.) YNLee (Syn .: Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. maekawanum Kitam. , Chrysanthemum arcticum var. yezoense Maek. , Chrysanthemum yezoense Maek. , Dendranthema yezoense (Maek.) DJNHind , leucanthemum yezoense (Maek.) Á.Löve & D .Löve ): It occurs only in Korea.
Chrysanthemum zawadzkii Herbich subsp. zawadzkii (Syn .: Chrysanthemum sibiricum Turcz. ex DC. nom. inval., Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich) Tzvelev , Dendranthema zawadskii var. zawadskii )

In the Flora of China 2011, Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. naktongense (Nakai) YNLee , Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitag. and Chrysanthemum zawadzkii subsp. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitag. given as synonyms of Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai .

Horticultural history

For a long time this species was only known to botanists. In the 1930s, American breeders brought the first garden forms onto the market under the name "Chrysanthemum coreanum". This species is characterized by its hardiness to frost and for this reason it was used in the cultivation of garden chrysanthemums in order to make them harder. Like the species, the varieties have reddish flower colors. They are known as Chrysanthemum Koreanum hybrids. Some authors also attribute the Chrysanthemum rubellum hybrids to Chrysanthemum zawadzkii .

swell

Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries, Michael G. Gilbert: Chrysanthemum. : Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich , p. 674 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries, Michael G. Gilbert: Chrysanthemum. : Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich , p. 674 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 .
↑ ^a ^b Zbigniew Szeląg, Yuriy Kobiv: Typification of Chrysanthemum zawadzkii (Asteraceae). In: Polish Botanical Journal , Volume 59, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 27–30, doi : 10.2478 / pbj-2014-0005 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chrysanthemum zawadskii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
^ Franz Herbich: Additamentum ad floram Galiciae . Kuhn et Millikowski, 1831, p. 44 .
↑ NN Tzvelev: GENUS 1543. Brachanthemum DC . In: BK Schischkin, EG Bobrov (ed.): Flora of the USSR. Vol XXVI: Tribes Anthemideae, Senecioneae, and Calenduleae . 1961, p. 373–378, here 376 ( digitized version ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Chrysanthemum zawadskii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 26, 2014.

↑ Heinz-Dieter Krausch: Kaiserkron and peonies red. , Hamburg 2003, p. 112.

^ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5 Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , p. 613.

Web links

Commons : Chrysanthemum zawadzkii - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC2011-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries, Michael G. Gilbert: Chrysanthemum. : Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich , p. 674 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae . Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 .

[Szeląg2014-2] Zbigniew Szeląg, Yuriy Kobiv: Typification of Chrysanthemum zawadzkii (Asteraceae). In: Polish Botanical Journal , Volume 59, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 27–30, doi : 10.2478 / pbj-2014-0005 .

[GRIN-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chrysanthemum zawadskii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 26, 2014.

[Herbich1831-4] Franz Herbich: Additamentum ad floram Galiciae . Kuhn et Millikowski, 1831, p. 44 .

[Tzvelev1961-5] NN Tzvelev: GENUS 1543. Brachanthemum DC . In: BK Schischkin, EG Bobrov (ed.): Flora of the USSR. Vol XXVI: Tribes Anthemideae, Senecioneae, and Calenduleae . 1961, p. 373–378, here 376 ( digitized version ).

[Tropicos-6] Chrysanthemum zawadskii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 26, 2014.

[Krausch2003-7] Heinz-Dieter Krausch: Kaiserkron and peonies red. , Hamburg 2003, p. 112.

[Rothmaler2008-8] Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5 Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , p. 613.