Combat Vehicle 90
| Combat Vehicle 90 | |
|---|---|
A Finnish CV 9030FIN (CV 90 Mk II) |
|
| General properties | |
| crew | 3 (commander, driver, gunner) + 8 soldiers |
| length | 6.47 m |
| width | 3.01 m |
| height | 2.5 m |
| Dimensions | 22.8-35 tons |
| Armament | |
| Main armament | depending on the version |
| Secondary armament | 1 × 7.62mm machine gun |
| Protection systems | |
| Armor | Armored steel spaced armor with adapted composite armor |
| Mine protection strength | up to 10 kg (CV 90 Armadillo) |
| agility | |
| drive |
Scania V8 diesel 450–600 kW |
| suspension | Torsion bar |
| Top speed | 70 km / h (road) |
| Power / weight | 16-18.75 kW / t |
| Range | 600 km (road) |
The Combat Vehicle 90 ( CV 90 ) or Swedish Stridsfordon 90 ( Strf 90 ) is a modern tank family from the armaments company BAE Systems AB . Developed for the operational needs of Sweden, the vehicle family is also in use in Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Finland and Estonia.
history
Development of the CV 90 began in the early 1980s to meet the new requirements of the Swedish army . The initiated troop reduction by 10,000 soldiers and a reorganization of the army should be absorbed by increased mechanization of the armed forces. A family of vehicles was required that had a high level of strategic and tactical mobility as well as air defense and anti-tank capabilities with the highest possible survivability. Ease of repair and NBC protection were imperative. The new armored personnel carriers should be able to destroy enemy armored personnel carriers in duel situations.
In 1982 the Swedish procurement office Försvarets Materielverk (FMV) defined the catalog of requirements and analyzed the international arms market - with the result that none of the vehicle families offered could meet the catalog of services. An in-house development was therefore inevitable. Stridsfordon 90 was specified as the designation for the base vehicle. As many conventional components ( commercial off-the-shelf ) as possible should be used in order to reduce costs and save time.
By 1984 the Swedish defense industry built an unarmed test vehicle that was subjected to extensive tests. A full-size wooden model followed in May 1984. At the same time, two British tanks ( FV107 Scimitar and Stormer ) were being tested as personnel carriers . This last attempt by the FMV to find an alternative on the armaments market failed and in 1985 led to the award of a contract worth 200 million Swedish kronor. HB Utveckling, a joint venture between AB Hägglunds & Söner and Bofors AB (BAE Systems since 2003/2005) was responsible for the chassis and 40 mm automatic cannon. In 1986 prototype production began.
The first prototype was handed over to the Swedish armed forces on October 21, 1988. It had a 40 mm Bofors gun type 40 / 70B. The other four copies followed until the beginning of 1989, with the fifth vehicle being the Luftvärnskanonvagn 90 (Lvkv 90) anti-aircraft gun . The prototype 2 received a different armament with the 25 mm M242 Bushmaster automatic cannon from McDonnell Douglas . Scania engines and automatic transmissions from Volvo served as drive , with one vehicle being equipped with the X-300-5 transmission from Detroit Diesel Allison Division . Hydraulic, electrical and mechanical systems were tested as tower drive types. The subsequent troop trials lasted until 1990 and were carried out under different climatic conditions. In total, the prototypes covered around 50,000 km.
In March 1991, the FMV ordered the first construction lot which exclusively comprised the CV-9040 armored personnel carrier. The chassis were built at Hägglunds Vehicle AB, the towers at Saab Bofors, which was also commissioned. The delivery of the first series vehicle to the Swedish armed forces was on November 1st, 1993, the use of the troops began in 1994.
As early as 1990, the FMV expanded the vehicle family by ordering the prototypes of the Stridsledningspansarbandvagn 90 (Stripbv 90) and Eldledningspansarbandvagn 90 (Ebpv 90) observation tanks . One year later, the Bärgningsbandvagn 90 (Bgbv 90) armored recovery vehicle followed .
The second construction lot was initiated in 1993 and concerned the anti-aircraft cannon tank , the command tank , the observation tank and the recovery tank . Delivery started in 1996. The third construction lot with further CV 9040 and the fourth construction lot with Ebpv 90 and Stripbv 90 were commissioned in 1994. The last construction lot also included upgraded armored personnel carriers of the type CV 9040B, which are optimized for use in conjunction with the Stridsvagn 122 battle tank . In total, the armed forces received 509 vehicles of the Stridsfordon 90 family by 2002, of which the last 13 CV 9040B1 were again improved variants. The integration of the anti-tank guided missile RBS-56 BILL was only implemented on one test vehicle until 2010. The armored personnel carrier with the designation CV 9040/56 was a 9040A with a LEMUR reconnaissance system.
Marketing abroad began in 1994 with Norway's first export customer . Over 1185 vehicles had been ordered by the end of 2010. The 1000th tank, a CV 9035NL, was delivered in January 2009. The CV-90 tanks are also in service in Denmark , Estonia , Finland , the Netherlands and Switzerland . A tank costs between 4 and 5 million euros.
Three further projects of the vehicle family were financed with company funds. These were the CV 90105 TML in 1994, the CV 90120-T in 1998 and the CV 90 Armadillo in 2010.
technical description
Armament
Main armament
The main armament of the CV-90 family varies depending on the user. The vehicles of the Swedish armed forces are the only variant with the 40-mm automatic cannon 40 / 70B . The elevation range of the armored personnel carrier is between −8 ° and + 27 °, that of the anti-aircraft gun tank is between −8 ° and + 50 °. The height and side alignment is done electrically or, in emergency mode, mechanically by hand. The first vehicles - the so-called CV 9040A - were given a weapon stabilization system from 1996 to enable them to hit targets while driving. The improved CV 9040B were equipped with the improved automatic cannon 40 / 70Bc with electrical firing and thus have a higher first-shot hit probability while in motion. Further improvements concerned the leveling device, the stabilization system, the electric tower drive and the fire control system with fire control computer. The magazine of the weapon has three compartments with eight spaces each, each of which can be filled with different ammunition. Depending on the type of target, the ammunition can be changed quickly. The cases are ejected upwards through the tower roof. A further 24 cartridges of ready-to-use ammunition are stowed in a carousel under the weapon system, which has to be reloaded by hand. The total supply is 234 cartridges in the 9040B, 48 of which are stored in the tower. The 9040C has additional armor for 120 cartridges. The maximum combat range is 2000 m for ground targets and 4000 m against air targets.
The command, observation and recovery tanks of Sweden only have machine-gun armament of the 7.62 mm Ksp m / 39 type as their main armament. In order not to represent a primary target for the enemy, dummy cannons are available for the command and observation tanks.
The ammunition range for the CV 9040 includes armor-piercing sabot ammunition with tracer ( APFSDS-T ), explosive ammunition with tracer (HE-T), fragmentation ammunition with proximity fuse (3P) and practice ammunition with tracer (TPDS-T). The 3P multi-purpose ammunition PFPPX ( Kulspränggranat 95 LK ) is only fired by the B1 and C versions. It consists of an intelligent programmable ignition unit with six different ignition options at the tip and a pre-fragmented warhead containing 1,100 tungsten balls with a diameter of 3 mm. The 3P standard ammunition in the B version of the CV9040 is called PFHE ( Kulspränggranat 90 ) and has two ignition options. The name 3P comes from the English name Prefragmented Programmable Proximity.
The armored personnel carriers of the type CV 9030 MK I and MK II used the Bushmaster II MK44 in caliber 30 mm. The fully stabilized automatic cannon from Alliant Techsystems fires armor-piercing API ammunition, explosive fire (HEI) or armor-piercing sabot ammunition ( APDS ). 160 rounds of 30 mm ammunition are kept ready to fire for these, and another 240 rounds are stowed inside. The height and side straightening works electrically. The combat range is 3000 m. The cases are ejected in the firing direction.
The CV 9035 MK III procured by Denmark and the Netherlands are delivered with the Bushmaster III . The electrically powered 35 mm automatic cannon with a rate of 200 rounds / minute can be used against ground targets and slow-flying targets. The further development of the MK 44 is able to fire programmable ammunition. For this purpose, the weapon has a muzzle brake with a measuring base on the muzzle . The elevation range is between −8 ° and + 35 °. The ammunition available are fragmentation ammunition with variably adjustable proximity detonators ( AHEAD ), explosive incendiary ammunition with tracer (HEI-T), armor-piercing sabot ammunition with decay core and tracer ( FAPDS -T) or armor-piercing sabot ammunition with tracer (APFSDS-T). The weapon has a two-way belt feed and is fully stabilized. The cases are also ejected in the firing direction. The total ammunition supply is 203 cartridges, of which 35 cartridges per standby compartment.
Secondary armament
The shutter machine gun and the smoke launch system , like the main armament, differ depending on the user. Mounted on the left in the turret, it is aligned coaxially with the main weapon. The elevation range of −10 ° to + 52 ° is larger than that of the main weapon. The types used depending on the country are: machine gun 7.62 mm Ksp m / 39 for Sweden (9040A / B), 7.62 mm MG 62 / MG 42/59 for Denmark, 7.5 mm MG for the Switzerland, 7.62 mm MG 3 for Norway, 7.62 mm MG FN MAG for the Netherlands and 7.62 mm MG PKT for Finland. In contrast to the additional armor, the 9040C of Sweden have a variant on the tower roof that can be controlled from the interior. In all variants it is used to fight infantry and unarmored vehicles as well as to hold down enemy positions.
The smoke throwing system for export customers is largely manufactured by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and consists of 76 mm throwing cups. The number and arrangement varies depending on the user. Sweden uses the 80mm cups from the French GALIX system.
Drive and drive
All by 2010 ordered CV 90 are of a water-cooled Scania - diesel engine with eight cylinders and turbocharging driven. The output of the DSI 14 engine again varies depending on the user and is 404 kW (550 PS) for the CV 9040A and 445 KW (606 PS) for the CV 9030 MK I. The CV 9035 MK II and MK III are due to the further development DI 16 powered, a Euro II engine with an output of 485 kW (660 PS) and 551 kW (750 PS). The power transmission up to the MK II expansion stage takes place via the automatic hydromechanical transmission X-300-5N with four forward and two reverse gears. Vehicles from MK III are equipped with the Allison X-300-12DK, which is electronically controlled. The transmission takes care of braking, steering and changing gears. The engine and gearbox are combined into one block, which makes it much easier to replace them under combat conditions. The supply lines to the vehicle are equipped with self-sealing quick-release couplings. The fuel tank in the left chain shoulder has a capacity of 525 l and enables a driving range of around 600 km. The cooling and exhaust system is housed in the right chain shoulder in the rear of the vehicle. The drive force is transmitted via the front drive wheels to the 0.5 meter wide hinge chains with central replaceable rubber pads. The suspension consists of torsion bars and rotary dampers attached to the first, second, sixth and seventh rollers. The chain tension can be regulated via a semi-automatic hydraulic tensioning device. The gradeability is 60%, the maximum approach angle is 40%. The tank can cross trenches up to 2.4 meters wide and climb over obstacles 1 meter high. The fording depth is 1.5 meters. The maximum speed is 70 km / h forwards and 45 km / h backwards.
Armor and protective equipment
The hull and turret of the Stridsfordon 90 are made of armored steel and designed as spaced armor . To increase the level of protection, the basic steel armor can be supplemented with modular composite armor and protective measures that are active at a distance . For example, Sweden uses the AMAP system from the German company IBD Deisenroth Engineering (Ingenieurbüro Deisenroth) for its CV 9040C . In addition to passive outer armor for the hull and turret, the protection package contains a mine protection plate under the hull and a splinter protection in the fighting compartment. The Barracuda camouflage system is used to support passive protection.
Norway retrofitted MEXAS when purchasing its CV 9030N. In 2002, the combat value was increased with AMAP to improve armor and mine protection. The Finnish CV 9030FIN also received MEXAS when they were built, although a part was retrofitted later. Denmark also expanded the MEXAS package of its MK III to include the Barracuda camouflage system and the L-ROD grid spacing armor . A system for electronic countermeasures (Electronic Counter Measure System - ECM) with which can disrupt radio and mobile radio frequencies, protects against remotely ignited improvised explosive devices (radio controlled improvised explosive device - RCIED). The Netherlands bought the SidePro side protection and RoofPro-P roof protection for their CV 9035NL from Ruag Defense . The mine protection plate and decoupled seats are already installed in series in the MK III. Laser detectors coupled with the smoke thrower complete the protection of the 9035NL.
An NBC protective ventilation system, a fire extinguishing system in the machine room and optional air conditioning complete the equipment of the CV-90 family.
Optics and sensors
The main aiming device of the gunner is the UTAAS target optics (Universal Tank and Anti-Aircraft Fire Control System) with a thermal imaging device (TIS) of the 2nd or 3rd generation as well as a laser range finder (LRF) , which can be swiveled by 18 ° . The mirrors of the line of sight are stabilized in all two axes and thus enable precise shooting with a high first-shot hit probability. Coupled with the fire control computer and the NAV 90 vehicle navigation system, it forms the tank's fire control system . The LRF measures distances up to 9995 m with an accuracy of 10 meters, whereby distances are only taken into account from 200 m. For measurements below 200 m, the fire control computer calculates the add-on value for 1200 m. In the case of multiple echoes, you can choose between last echo and first echo. When shooting without a laser, the line image is used in the day vision optics or in the TIS. Control lights in the field of view provide information on the turret position, weapon status and types of fire. One and eight times magnification is available for the day view channel.
A CCD camera is added as an emergency target device for the gunner from version 9040B. Export versions are equipped with it. The camera used here again varies depending on the user. The monochrome image of the Swedish version FA 878 I is displayed in the TIS field of view. Denmark relies on a color camera here. Three additional corner mirrors allow a view to the outside.
The commander can observe the battlefield through six corner mirrors with 360 ° all-round visibility. The hatch can be partially opened and thus offers the possibility of doing this without a corner mirror under armor protection. The front-facing target optics is the seventh view module and has a magnification of one to six times. In addition, the UTAAS of the gunner is available to him, into which he can look through a direct view adapter. A hunter / killer ability is only implemented to a limited extent in all variants due to the lack of an independent optic. If necessary, the commander can override the gunner and shoot himself. Vehicle guidance, information and battlefield guidance systems complement the equipment.
The driver has three corner mirrors that are directed forward, left and right. The middle corner mirror can be exchanged for a residual light amplifier. Norway, Switzerland, Denmark and the Netherlands also use cameras to monitor the surroundings or to drive backwards.
Executions
The design of the CV-90 family, which is designed for versatility, allows many different versions of the tank to be constructed with comparatively little effort. The range extends from unarmed command vehicles to armored personnel carriers to light battle tanks with 105 mm and 120 mm cannons. Below is an overview:
CV 9040
Version with 40 mm automatic cannon. Improvements were made to the tanks even during series production. While the 9040A is the basic version, the 9040B and 9040B1 are an improved variant with which 3P ammunition can be fired. The last increase in combat value of the Swedish CV-90 fleet to the 9040C adapted the tank to the missions abroad. In addition to the armor, the UTAAS's thermal imaging device has also been improved and the optics have been equipped with a laser protection filter. 42 armored personnel carriers were upgraded to the C standard.
CV 9040AAV
The 9040AAV is the anti-aircraft tank with a 40 mm Bofors gun . The vehicle is identical to the 9040A, but has some differences such as the lack of hatches in the roof above the fighting compartment. Like the 9040C, it is able to fire the 3P multi-purpose ammunition PFPPX. The PS-95 radar from Thomson CSF Harting on the rear of the tower works in the frequency range from 3.2 to 3.4 GHz. It can recognize flight targets up to a distance of 15 km, classify them accordingly as helicopters or aircraft and track six targets at the same time. The fire control system is supplemented by an air situation information system, the UTAAS target optics and the NAV 90 vehicle navigation system. The radio equipment includes three Ra 180 and one Ra 421 radios. The crew consists of seven soldiers. Three tanks were upgraded to the C standard in 2002.
CV 90FOV
The CV 90FOV (Forward Oberservation Vehicle) fulfills the function of a forward observer and takes over the fire control of artillery and mortars. The Swedish name is Eldledningspansarbandvagn 90 . For this purpose it is equipped with the latest computing and data transmission technology. The tower is identical to the 9040 version. The UTAAS is used for observation, target reconnaissance and target identification. Coupled with the GPS-supported vehicle navigation system, a fire control computer and an extensive software package, it is used to convert target coordinates into fire commands. The radio equipment includes three or four Ra 421 / Ra480 radios, an Ra 195 and a DART transmitter and receiver module for remote radio communication. When the armored personnel carriers were converted to the 9040C, eight observation tanks also received these measures.
CV 90FCV
The CV 90FCV (Forward Command Vehicle) or Stridsledningspansarbandvagn 90 is the command tank in the Swedish armed forces. In it troops are commanded and operational plans are drawn up. For this purpose it is equipped with the most modern communication technology. In addition to the three-man crew, there is room for six more soldiers at the work stations in the rear combat area. The radio equipment includes four Ra 421 / Ra 480 radios, one Ra 195 and the DART terminal. Two command vehicles are armored for missions abroad.
CV 90ARV
The CV 90ARV or Swedish Bärgningsbandvagn 90 are the armored recovery version of the Stridsfordon 90. The tub is identical to the 9040A, the engine has an output of 600 kW. Instead of a turret, the tank was equipped with a dome that can be swiveled through 360 ° and is equipped with a machine gun that is controlled from the interior. The target optics have a 1x and 5.59x magnification. The recovery thread system is located at the rear of the vehicle. The pulling force of the two traction sheave winches is 82 kN each with a single pull and 300 kN with a quadruple pull. In the case of deployment over the front of the vehicle, the ropes are guided over pulleys on the vehicle roof. The blade on the bow serves as a ground anchor. A commercially available telescopic crane is available for crane work. The crane manufactured by Hydrauliska Industri AB ( HIAB ) can be extended to a length of 4.5 m and is placed on the left on the tub roof. With a working range of 330 °, loads of up to 9 t can be moved. The 90A1 version has been upgraded.
CV 9030N
The armored personnel carriers of the Norwegian Army are managed in-house by BAE Systems as the 9030 MK I. The differences to the Swedish CV 90 are the armament, the engine and an additional hatch for the leader of the rifle squad on the right on the rear of the vehicle. In the selection process, Hägglunds Vehicle AB prevailed against the M2A2 Bradley , ASCOD , Warrior and the German TH 495. The order for 104 vehicles was placed on April 21, 1994. In 1996 Norway received the four pre-production vehicles stipulated in the contract. Series production began in 1998 and lasted until November 2000. The towers were manufactured in Norway by Kvaerner Eureka AS, with Hägglunds Moelv AB taking care of the final assembly. In addition to the group vehicles, which made up a large part of the order, some tanks are used as command and driving school vehicles. The lead vehicles differ from the group vehicle in that the layout of the fighting area has been changed, as well as additional radios and additional card boards. Between 2003 and 2004, 17 vehicles were given an upgrade for foreign missions. The conversion program included a mine protection plate on the underside of the tub, a rear camera of the type RVC-01, air conditioning and additional storage boxes at the rear of the vehicle. The designation is CV 9030NF1.
In April 2012, the Norwegian government started another program that provides for an increase in the combat value of 103 old vehicles and the construction of 43 new vehicles between 2013 and 2018. The 1.74 billion expensive program includes upgrading with a command and control information system ( C⁴ISR ), improving armor and mine protection with AMAP modules, upgrading to rubber tracks and a remote-controlled weapon station . In addition to BAE Systems, Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace, Thales Norway and Rheinmetall Vinghøg are involved. The total number of units is 146 vehicles and expands the Norwegian CV-90 vehicle family with pioneer tanks, reconnaissance vehicles and multifunctional vehicles (mortar carriers and logistics).
CV 9030CH / infantry fighting vehicle 2000
The Swiss infantry fighting vehicle 2000 is based on the Norwegian Mk I, but is referred to as the Mk II due to a large number of technical changes. The changes mainly affect the drive system and electrical systems such as a vehicle information system with CAN bus . The rear fighting area is extended by 200 mm and offers 100 mm more space in height. A rear ramp replaces the rear door. The tank's diagnostic system supports troubleshooting and thus reduces repair time. 40 sets of additional armor are available for possible missions abroad. Between 2003 and 2005, Switzerland procured a total of 186 armored personnel carriers, 32 of them as command vehicles.
The order volume was 990 million Swiss francs and included ammunition, training equipment, spare parts and simulators. 40% of the tank was manufactured in Switzerland, including the Bushmaster II automatic cannon under license from Oerlikon Contraves Defense. In the selection process, which lasted from 1998 to 1999, the armored personnel carrier was compared with the Marder M12 and the Warrior .
CV 9030FIN
The Finnish armed forces have had production vehicles of the CV 90 and CV 90 MK II since 2003. As part of the Taisteluajoneuvoa-20 program, the search for a new infantry fighting vehicle began in 1995. The troop tests from October to November 1999 were carried out with a Swedish CV 9040 and a Norwegian prototype provided by Hägglunds. The focus was on the armament, the turret concept, the reliability as well as the ease of maintenance and handling of the weapon system. The first order for 57 vehicles was placed in November 2000. The order volume at that time was 210 million euros. Three prototypes and seven pre-series vehicles followed. The final production of the pilot series was carried out by Patria Vehicles Oy in Finland. Series production began in 2003, with a second construction lot with 45 vehicles following in 2004. The value was 120 million euros. In September 2007, the delivery of 102 9030FIN vehicles was completed.
Technically, the Finnish vehicles are identical to the armored personnel carrier 2000. However, they have a rear door with a shooting hatch and viewing block like the Norwegian version. The rear fighting compartment was increased by 100 mm. The command and control tanks are designated 9030K1 and are equipped with two radios and an A / C warfare agent detector. The design of the additional equipment allows the vehicles to be converted into a group vehicle within half an hour.
CV 9030COM
The CV 9030COM version is a command and control armored version from BAE Systems based on the CV 90 MK II. It is equipped with four work stations in the rear combat area.
CV 9035DK
The CV 9035DK is the Danish version of the CV 90. In-house it is run as the CV 9035 MK III. The Danish classification is IKK, Infanterikampkøretøj . A Swedish 9040B was used for the troop trials in 2003. The plan to lease four Swedish 9040C and 15 9040A was not implemented. On December 16, 2005, Denmark ordered 45 armored personnel carriers including ammunition, simulator equipment and training support for 1.675 billion Danish kroner (about 224.6 million euros). In 2006, BAE Systems delivered an MK III on a leasing basis, which corresponded to 80% of the new model, for training purposes to the Haerens Kampskole combat force school in Oksbøl . The first 25 tanks in the series entered service with the Danish Army on June 23, 2008 . The welding work on the tower was carried out in the Hydrema plant in Weimar . Hydrema A / S in Støvring was responsible for the final assembly . The tubs were delivered from Sweden.
The configuration of Denmark corresponded to the state of the art when it was delivered. The engine and transmission were improved in their performance. The vehicle is internally networked. The rifle squad in the rear fighting area can access all data and images generated by the UTAAS and the surrounding cameras. In addition to a stove, the equipment also includes air conditioning and an outboard intercom. The computer systems are equipped with improved cooling for use in Afghanistan. The vehicle weight increased to 32 t, with a growth potential for 35 t.
CV 9035NL
The Royal Land Force of the Dutch armed forces replaced their armored personnel carriers YPR-765 PRI on M113 chassis with the CV 90 from 2008 . At that point in time there were around twelve years between the start of the Vervanging Pantservoertuigen YPR en 577 program and the introduction of the new armored personnel carrier . CV 9030MKII, ASCOD and Puma were involved in the selection process . The troop tests between ASCOD and CV 90 were carried out in 2003, the performance of the Puma was assessed on the basis of its technical data. BAE Systems subsequently expanded its offer with the MK III and ultimately won the tender.
On December 13, 2004, 184 armored personnel carriers and nine driving school tanks were ordered. The total costs amount to 1,136.6 million euros and include 35 mm ammunition, driving simulators and an extension of the TACTIS simulator introduced by the Thales Group to include appropriate modules. Between 2005 and 2007, BAE Systems adapted the MK III and handed the first prototype over to the armed forces for troop testing in autumn 2007. The series was delivered on December 15, 2008. Van Halteren Metaal BV in Bunschoten , the Netherlands, is responsible for final assembly and system testing . The technical status of the vehicles corresponds to the Danish model. Externally, they differ in the additional armor from Ruag. The Netherlands procured 184 packages of the RoofPRO-P roof protection and 100 sets of the SidePro. The protection against top attack ammunition and impact projectiles is improved.
In order to reduce fuel consumption and wear and tear during normal service operations and thereby cut costs, all vehicles that have already been delivered have been disarmed since February 2011. CV 90 in the inflow from the manufacturer are delivered without additional armor. The conversion time for a vehicle is three to four weeks. The additional armor with a total weight of six tons per vehicle is stored.
On December 9, 2014, the Dutch Defense Minister Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert and her Estonian counterpart Sven Mikser signed an agreement for the delivery of 44 used CV 9035NL between 2016 and 2018. In addition to the armored personnel carriers, six support vehicles on Leopard 1 chassis as well as spare parts and training support will be delivered granted. 132 vehicles remain active in the Dutch army.
CV 90105TML
The CV 90105TML is a self-financed concept of a light main battle tank on a CV-90 chassis by Hägglunds and GIAT . The turret with a rifled 105 mm BK-MECA-L / 48 cannon was based on the AMX-10 RC . No customers were found for the vehicle. The approaches were followed up in CV 90120.
CV 90105XC-8
Another possibility of equipping the CV-90 chassis with a 105 mm weapon was shown by BAE Systems in cooperation with the Belgian company CMI Defense at the Eurosatory 2014 armaments fair. The two-seater Cockerill XC-8 turret, newly developed by CMI, carries the Also from CMI, a 105 mm drawbar cannon (Cockerill 105 mm high pressure gun) and, in addition to an autoloader, offers full stabilization and night combat capability. The ammunition range includes the entire range of nuclear munitions in caliber 105 mm as well as the Falarick 105 Gun Launched Anti Tank Guided Missile (GLATGM) developed by CMI. The tower itself is a further development of the CT-CV-105HP tower concept. An option with a 120 mm smoothbore gun would also be possible.
CV 90120
This version is equipped with a 120 mm tank cannon. In order to increase survivability, a defensive AIDS suite was installed, which warns the crew of laser and radar guided missiles ( EloSM ). As a countermeasure, multispectral aerosols are fired. A radar is installed against top attack attacks , which warns of approaching ammunition. In addition, the AMAP-ADS hard kill system was installed as a test. The RUAG - smoothbore gun type CTG 120 / L50 can complete 120-mm ammunition range of NATO ( STANAG 4385 use up).
CV 90AMOS
The CV 90AMOS (Advanced Mortar System) or Splitterskyddad Granatkastare 120 (SSG 120) is a double barrel mortar system from Patria Hägglunds Oy, a joint venture between Hägglunds Vehicle AB and Patria Vammas Oy. The first feasibility studies were carried out in 1996 and funded by Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland under the Nordic Armaments Cooperation. The actual development program for a breech loading mortar system was carried out by Sweden and Finland. The prototype of the mortar was presented in 1997. In 1999 a prototype followed with a complete tower and a two-barrel mortar system. After a troop test in Finland, in which 500 rounds were fired, the tower was handed over to Sweden in 2001 to test it on the Stridsfordon 90 chassis and Stridsbåt 90 . The shot load of the weapon system was 3000 shells here. The elevation range is + 3 ° to + 85 °. The fire readiness is established after 30 seconds. The maximum combat distance is 10 km, which can be increased to 15 km with increased range ammunition. STRIX mortar ammunition with an infrared seeker head and shaped charge warhead can be used against armored vehicles up to 8 km. In a duel situation, direct judging is possible from 400 m to 800 m.
While Finland ordered 24 AMOS towers in March 2003, which will be mounted on Patria AMV , their use in Sweden is unclear. The introduction planned for 2008 did not take place until 2010.
CV 90 Armadillo
The Armadillo was demonstrated by BAE Systems at the Eurosatory arms show in 2010 . The vehicle based on the MK III has a combat weight of 35 t and a payload of 8 t. BAE Systems markets the variant as a team transport vehicle, command vehicle, ambulance vehicle, pioneer group vehicle and mortar carrier. The demonstrator does not have a tower and was equipped with the remote-controlled LEMUR weapon station. The LEDS-150 hardkill system from Saab is installed as a protective measure against distance .
CV90 Mk IV
In 2018 the version CV90 Mk IV was presented. The CV90 Mk IV can be equipped with either a modular two-man tower or an unmanned, remote-controlled tower. 30/35/40/50 mm automatic cannons or a 120 mm smoothbore cannon can be installed as primary armament for the towers . Two to four launchers for anti-tank guided weapons (e.g. Rafael Spike ) can be mounted on the right side of the tower . A 7.62 mm machine gun or an automatic 40 mm grenade launcher are available as secondary armament . Eight to twelve throwing cups can also be attached to the tower for firing smoke throwers . The CV90 Mk IV has improved armor with all-round protection against 14.5 mm bullets. The front armor provides protection against 30 mm projectiles. Furthermore, modular armor elements can be attached to the tower and hull. The CV90 Mk IV can also be equipped with the distance-active hardkill protection system Iron Fist . The crew consists of three people and eight more soldiers can be carried. The CV90 Mk IV is powered by a new engine with an output of 735.5 kW. The CV90 Mk IV weighs 35 to 37 tons, depending on the configuration.
Users
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Denmark : 45 CV 9035DK (CV 90 MK III) -
Estonia : 44 CV 9035NL (CV 90 MK III) and 37 CV 9030N (CV 90 MK I)
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Finland : 102 CV 9030FIN (CV 90 MK II) -
Netherlands : 184 CV 9035NL (CV 90 MK III) -
Norway : 103 CV 9030N of which 17 as NF1 (CV 90 MK I). 43 new buildings and an increase in the combat value of old vehicles by 2018. Total number then 146 vehicles. -
Switzerland : 186 CV 9030CH (CV 90 MK II) -
Sweden : 509 CV 90 as an armored personnel carrier 9040, recovery, observation and command tank. Some of the vehicles are additionally armored to C standard.
Interested persons:
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Canada : Candidate for the Close Combat Vehicle Program -
Czech Republic : Agreement with BAE Systems to replace BMP-2 armored personnel carriers with BAE CV90.
Web links
- Detailed information about the CV90 series (German)
- CV90 ARV , PDF of the manufacturer
- BAE Systems CV90 family of products
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d e Carl Schulze: CV 90 Swedish armored personnel carrier - history. Technology, variants. Tankograd military vehicles special No. 8003, Tankograd Publishing (2010)
- ↑ Deagel.com Total Production: 1,185 , accessed 28 December 2010
- ^ Carl Schulze: CV 90 International - In the service of Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Finland. Tankograd military vehicles special No. 8004, Tankograd Publishing (2010)
- ↑ dtic.mil BOFORS 40/57 mm 3P ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF from Bofors on 3P ammunition, 3.55 MB, accessed December 25, 2010
- ↑ saab.com: Saab Barracuda: The Art of Deception
- ^ New Armored Vehicles for the Army. Ministry of Defense, April 20, 2012, accessed January 15, 2014 .
- ↑ Norway signs $ 1 billion armored vehicle contract. Forsvarsdepartementet, June 21, 2012, accessed January 15, 2014 .
- ↑ patriahagglunds.fi press release Patria Hägglunds: CV9030 from Patria Hägglunds selected by Finland ( memento of the original from October 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF; 106 KB, accessed December 28, 2010
- ↑ a b baesystems.com Technical data CV9035 Mk III. ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF; 4.52 MB, accessed December 26, 2010
- ↑ thalesgroup.com TACTIS: Tactical Indoor Simulation ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 27, 2010
- ↑ Website of the Dutch Ministry of Defense - CV90 van gewicht ontdaan ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 19, 2011
- ↑ Verkoop voertuigen aan Estonia bezegeld met contract. (No longer available online.) In: www.defensie.nl/. December 9, 2014, archived from the original on December 15, 2014 ; Retrieved December 11, 2012 (Dutch). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ CMI Defense and BAE Systems Hägglunds present the CV90105. Retrieved June 19, 2014 .
- ↑ CV90 Mk IV IFV. In: armyrecognition.com. Army Recognition, October 29, 2018, accessed October 31, 2018 .
- ↑ News on rp-online.de [1] , accessed on October 8, 2016
- ↑ Ottawa Citizen CANADIAN FORCES LOOKS AT CV90 FOR NEW CLOSE COMBAT VEHICLE ( Memento of the original from July 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 30, 2010
- ↑ Business news on upi.com [2] , accessed on October 1, 2016
