Daniel Engelhard (architect)

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Daniel Engelhard (born April 12, 1788 in Kassel ; † October 13, 1856 there ; full name: Johann Daniel Wilhelm Eduard Engelhard ) was a German architect and Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessian building officer . His church buildings in particular achieve their effect through the consistent use of elementary geometric shapes such as octagon or square. They stand in the tradition of ancient pavilion architecture and break with the regional-romantic architecture of that time.

biography

Draft for the church in Heimarshausen

Engelhard was the son of Wilhelm Heinrich Albrecht Engelhard (1754-1818), a Hesse-Kassel engineer captain (since 1777) and, most recently, lieutenant general and artillery chief in the Electorate of Hesse . His mother was Konradine geb. Schwarzenberg. His grandfather was Regnerus Engelhard , an older brother of the father was Johann Philipp Engelhard . His cousin was Karoline Engelhard and his cousin Wilhelm Gotthelf Engelhard . Engelhard married Annunciata born in Rome . Bossi. His son was Gottlob Engelhard , also an architect and later court building director in Kassel. Philippine Engelhard is said to have been his sister.

In 1809 he went on a long study trip to Italy. Findings from this trip he published in 1838 as instruction for young architects on trips to Italy in Crelle's Journal der Baukunst . After his return he entered the royal Westphalian civil service in 1810. Later he was chief builder in Kassel. His supervisor at the time was the senior construction director Johann Conrad Bromeis . For a time he exercised the function of the Kassel master builder , and he was retired with the rank of master builder .

Engelhard frequented Kassel artist circles.

Goethe acquaintance

Before traveling to Italy, Engelhard stayed in Weimar from autumn 1808 to the end of January 1809 , where he belonged to Johanna Schopenhauer's circle . He also visited Johann Wolfgang von Goethe there (probably several times) . He probably told Goethe about his enthusiasm for medieval art. According to Jacob Grimm , a friend and Kassel neighbor of Engelhard, the work Die Wahlverwandschaften , published in 1809, was considered a model for the fictional young architect . Goethe himself wrote in his diaries and annual journals , section 1811:

"One wanted to claim that in earlier times I had kept an eye on him as a model of his fellow artist in the" elective affinities ""

- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1811

Buildings (selection)

The breakfast pavilion in Kassel
The Evangelical Church in Vollmarshausen
  • Around 1812 Engelhard was involved in the planning of the Althaldensleben-Hundisburg landscape park .
  • Around 1815 he built the still existing breakfast pavilion as a free-standing round temple ( Monopteros ) and breakfast pavilion of Elector Wilhelm I at the end of the "Schöne Aussicht" in Kassel above the Karlsaue .
  • Engelhard (and Heinrich Christoph Jussow ) designed the "Kattenburg" to replace the ancestral castle of the Hessian landgraves, which burned down in 1811 under King Jérôme von Westphalen . The construction, which began in 1820 under Elector Wilhelm I, was never completed and was later replaced by the judicial and government building.
  • In 1825 the square, evangelical hall church with a central tower was built in Grebenstein shafts .
  • The plans for the Protestant church in Oedelsheim, completed in 1829/30, a hall with five window axes with a closed apse in the west and access through a tower in the east, are said to come from him.
  • From 1833 to 1834 the Protestant church in Heimarshausen was built by him. It is the only octagonal church building in the region.
  • In the years 1838 to 1839, the Evangelical Church in Vollmarshausen in Lohfelden was built according to his plans.
  • Engelhard built a villa for himself in Kassel. The unusual, no longer existing building at Ständeplatz 14 was derisively referred to as “Castel Sant'Angelo” by the residents of Kassel.
  • Redesign of the park of the Nathusius family in Althaldensleben and Hundisburg
  • In 1845 he suggested building the train station in Kassel on the Möncheberg. For this purpose, the Ahnetal should be bridged. The plan was not accepted by Friedrich Wilhelm I. From 1852 to 1856, the Kassel main station was built as a terminus at a different location. The plans for the new building came from Engelhard's son, Gottlob Engelhard.

Publications (selection)

  • Instruction for young architects to travel to Italy. In: Crelle's Journal of Architecture. Volumes XI and XII, also printed separately, G. Reimer, Berlin 1838.
  • Description of the buildings excavated in Pompeii. G. Reimer, Berlin 1843.
  • The construction of the Kattenburg in Kassel. Report of the chief builder. 1845. (Reproduced in: Attempt to interpret the natural history foundations for the early development of the Kassel square. Appendix: The construction of the Kattenburg in Kassel. In: ZVHessG 69, 1958, pp. 29–32.)
  • Schinkel's architecture school in Northern Germany. In: Allgemeine Bauzeitung. 1847, p. 271 ff.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander (de Villa Dei.), Bernhard von Poten : History of military education and training in the lands of the German tongue. Volumes 11–12, Society for German Educational and School History (ed.), Dietrich Reichling, Prussian Academy of Sciences, Hofmann, 1891.
  2. ^ A b Wolfgang Ollrog (arrangement): Johann Christoph Gatterer, the founder of scientific genealogy. An examination of the previously known sources and publications about his origins, his life and work as well as his descendants. In: Archives for kin research and all related areas with practical research assistance. 47th volume, issue 81/82 (from February 1981), p. 41.
  3. ↑ Ludwig Denecke: Brothers Grimm Commemoration Brothers Grimm Society, Kassel 1981, p. 54 (quote: "Philippine Engelhard, née Gatterer, and sister of the chief architect Daniel Engelhard (1788-1856)").
  4. ^ Yearbook of the Free German Hochstift. Volume 2003, Freies Deutsches Hochstift (ed.), Max Niemeyer, Frankfurt am Main 1912, p. 312 ( books.google.pl ).
  5. ↑ Hans Booms, Friedrich P. Kahlenberg: From the work of the archives. Volume 36: Writings of the Federal Archives. H. Boldt, 1989, p. 338 ( books.google.pl ).
  6. ↑ The Arnoldsche wallpaper factory in Presche-chr.de
  7. ↑ so there is information on visits on January 3rd, 4th, 5th and 26th, 1809, u. a. according to Bettina von Arnim, Goethe's correspondence with a child. Volume 1 of the works (Arnim, Bettina von, 1785-1859), Aufbau-Verlag, 1986, with Franz Götting: Chronicle of Goethe's life. Insel-Verlag, 1953, p. 92 ( books.google.pl )
    William Douglas Robson-Scott: The literary background of the Gothic revival in Germany. A chapter in the history of taste. Clarendon Press, 1965.
  8. ↑ according to Euphorion, Volume 21, CC Buchner, 1914, p. 64 ( books.google.pl ).
  9. ↑ according to Erich Trunz (com.): Goethe. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Works, comments and registers. Hamburg edition in 14 volumes, volume 6, novels and short stories I., ISBN 3-406-08486-9 , CH Beck, Munich 1981, p. 721 ( books.google.com ).
  10. ↑ Gabriele Reuter : Green tendrils around old pictures. A German family novel. In: Grote's collection of works by contemporary writers. Volume 228, G. Grote'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1937.
  11. ↑ a b According to Magnus Backes, Hans Feldtkelle: Art walks in Hessen. C. Belser, 1962, pp. 291, 323 ( books.google.pl ) the temple was built in 1805.
  12. ^ According to Dehio Gall, Nördliches Hessen, 1950 - Hessen-Kassel, former. Landgraves' castles at Dehio.org , the temple was only built around 1850.
  13. ^ According to Der Weinberg - A cultural monument of the region. The temple to the beautiful view (breakfast temple) on Weinberggeschichte.de , the temple was built in 1815.
  14. ^ Renate Wagner-Rieger, Walter Krause: Historicism and palace construction (= studies on the art of the nineteenth century. Volume 28). Prestel, Munich 1975, p. 35 ( books.google.pl ), even if the authors are wrong about the first name and wrongly use that of Engelhard's son.
  15. ↑ Meyers Konversationslexikon. 4th edition, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 592 f. ( retrobibliothek.de ).
  16. ↑ eco-pfade.de .
  17. ↑ Traudel Weber-Reich: Worth getting to know. Important women of Göttingen. Wallstein, p. 49 ( books.google.pl ).
  18. ^ Archives for kin research and all related areas. Volume 47 Issue 81 - Volume 48, Issue 82, CA Starke, 1981.
  19. ^ Wolfgang Brönner : The bourgeois villa in Germany 1830-1890. With special consideration of the Rhineland (= contributions to the architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 28). Bibliotheca Weidmanniana, Schwann, 1987, p. 101 ( books.google.pl ).
personal data
SURNAME Engelhard, Daniel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Engelhard, Johann Daniel Wilhelm Eduard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and Hessian construction officer
DATE OF BIRTH April 12, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH October 13, 1856
Place of death kassel