Tallinn Cathedral

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The Tallinn Cathedral
Interior with chancel and crucifix
Interior with coat of arms epitaphs
Wind direction transmitter

The Tallinn Cathedral ( Estonian Tallinna toomkirik ) is one of the landmarks of the Estonian capital. It is located on Toompea in Tallinn . The Tallinn Cathedral is dedicated to the Virgin Mary . Originally the church was a Roman Catholic cathedral . With the end of the Reformation in Estonia in 1561, it became a Lutheran cathedral. Today it is the Episcopal Church of the Archbishop of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church .

history

The first church on the current site was probably built in 1219, shortly after the conquest of today's Toompea in the Battle of Lyndanisse . It is a Danish foundation and is probably the first Christian church on mainland Estonia.

The first church building was made of wood. With the arrival of Dominican monks from the Danish monastery of Ribe in 1229, the church was replaced by a stone building. In 1233 the monks were killed in disputes between Danish vassals and the Brotherhood of the Sword . A letter to Rome from the same year asking for the re-consecration of the church is the first written evidence from the church on Toompea. In 1240 the single-nave building was completed and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Since this year it has been called the Cathedral Church. Extensive renovation work began at the beginning of the 14th century to expand the church. Since the 1330s, the church has been converted into a three-aisled basilica in the Gothic style, based on the model of the Gotland churches . A hundred years later, the work was complete.

In the great fire on Toompea on June 6, 1684, the church was very badly affected. Several arches and the chancel collapsed. Art-historically valuable stone carvings were destroyed. Shortly after the fire, the church was largely restored to its original state under the direction of master builder and carpenter Daniel Bickel, with the stone carving work being carried out by Johann Gustav Stockenberg , while the new baroque furnishings, including coat of arms epitaphs, the high altar and the pulpit adorned with apostle figures , mainly came from the workshop of the Tallinn master Christian Ackermann .

In 1685, the bell founder Detlof Riedeweg created both the Marienglocke and the smaller Salvatorbell , which was later included as an individual monument in the national register of cultural monuments in Estonia.

A work by the sculptor Heinrich (Hinrik) Martens is the Calvary , the "Golgotha ​​Group", a four meter high crucifix , flanked by sculptures of Mary and John , donated by the elder of the cathedral guild Hermann Rahr in 1694 and gilded by the master painter Lorenz Buchau .

In 1778/79 a new, baroque church tower was added to the western end of the nave. Two of the four church bells date from the 17th century, the other two from the 18th century. The two family boxes from the 18th century ( von Patkul and von Manteuffel ) dominate the interior of the church . The altar painting “Christ on the Cross” is by the Düsseldorf painter Eduard Gebhardt (1866).

Tallinn Cathedral is also known for its numerous tombstones from the 13th to 18th centuries and for its stone sarcophagi from the 17th century. These include the tombs of Pontus de la Gardie and his wife Sofia Gyllenhielm , Carl Huringson Horn (both by Arent Passer ), Adam Johann von Krusenstern , Samuel Greigh , Caspar von Tiesenhausen , Hermann Rahr, Reinhold Otto von Taube and Otto von Uexküll .

The walls of the cathedral are adorned with the 107 coat of arms epitaphs of the Baltic German aristocrats in Estonia.

Ladegast-Sauer organ

The organ

The organ of the cathedral church was made in 1878 by the Weißenfels organ builder Friedrich Ladegast and modernized in 1913/14 by the organ workshop W. Sauer Orgelbau . It was extensively restored in 1998 by the Scheffler organ building workshop with financial help from the German Embassy in Tallinn and is now one of the leading concert organs in Europe. The instrument has 73 registers on three manuals and a pedal.

I main work C – a 3
1. Principal 16 ′
2. Drone 16 ′
3. Principal 8th'
4th Gamba 8th'
5. Double flute 8th'
6th Flauto amabile 8th'
7th Qunitatön 8th'
8th. Gemshorn 8th'
9. Dumped 8th'
10. Dolce 8th'
11. Nasard 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Reed flute 4 ′
13. Gemshorn 4 ′
14th Octave 4 ′
15th Forest flute 2 ′
16. Mixture III
17th Cornett III
18th Trumpet 8th'
II. Manual C-a 3
19th Dumped 16 ′
20th Salicional 16 ′
21st Dulciana 8th'
22nd Reed flute 8th'
23. Salicional 8th'
24. Concert flute 8th'
25th viola 8th'
26th Flauto traverso 8th'
27. Principal 8th'
28. Dolce 4 ′
29 Flauto amabile 4 ′
30th Principal 4 ′
31. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
32. Piccolo 2
33. Progress II-III
34. Cymbel III-IV
35. clarinet 8th'
III Swell C – a 3
36. Dumped 16 ′
37. Gamba 16 ′
38. Voix celeste 8th'
39. Aeoline 8th'
40. Gemshorn 8th'
41. Dumped 8th'
42. Viola d'amour 8th'
43. Quintatön 8th'
44. Flauto amabile 8th'
45. Portuna flute 8th'
46. shawm 8th'
47. Violin principal 8th'
48. Flauto dolce 4 ′
49. Salicet 4 ′
50. Fugara 4 ′
51. Flautino 2 ′
52. Harmonia aetheria III
53. Aeolodiam 8th'
54. oboe 8th'
55. Trumpet 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
56. Pedestal 32 ′
57. Darling Dumped 16 ′
58. Gemshorn 16 ′
59. Sub bass 16 ′
60. Qunitatön 16 ′
61. Violon 16 ′
62. Principal 16 ′
63. Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
64. Dulciana 8th'
65. Gemshorn 8th'
66. Bass flute 8th'
67. cello 8th'
68. Principal 8th'
69. Flauto 4 ′
70. Principal 4 ′
71. trombone 16 ′
72. Trumpet 8th'
73. Clairon 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I (also as sub and super octave coupling), III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P;
  • Playing aids: three free combinations, three fixed combinations (p, mf, f), three fixed pedal combinations (p, mf, f), register crescendo

Curiosities

Near the main entrance there is a stone slab with the inscription: "Grave of Otto Johann Thuve , landowner of Edise , Vääna and Koonu , 1696 AD" According to legend, Thuve was a particularly lustful man, the lavish parties with wine, women and song loved. On the deathbed, however, he was overcome with remorse. He therefore asked to be buried on the threshold of the cathedral church, so that the godly people who kneel down to pray at the church entrance may save his soul. The mocking Tallinn vernacular claims, however, that Thuve wanted to look under the skirts of the young women even after his death.

Clergy

literature

Web links

Commons : Tallinn Cathedral  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Former German name: Knight and Cathedral Church of Reval. Today's official Estonian name : Tallinna Neitsi Maarja Piiskoplik Toomkirik (German: "Episcopal Cathedral Church of the Virgin Mary in Tallinn")
  2. ↑ See also Rudolf Winkler: The fire of the cathedral in Reval in the year 1684. Reval: Aug. Mickwitz 1920 ( digitized version , University Library Tartu )
  3. ^ Sten Karling : On the history of the construction of the cathedral in Tallinn (=  negotiations of the Estonian learned society . Volume 30 ). Estonian learned society , Tartu 1938, p. 237-248 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Sulev Mäeväli: Tallinn historic buildings and artworks . Perioodika, Tallinn 1993, ISBN 5-7979-0471-3 , pp. 18 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Ev. Lutheran Cathedral in Tallinn
  6. ^ Eugen von Nottbeck, Wilhelm Neumann: History and Art Monuments of the City of Reval , Vol. 2: The Art Monuments of the City , Reval, Kluge, 1904, p. 61; Digitized via the Polish Kujawsko-Pomorskie Digital Library
  7. ↑ Mälestised / 1458 Tornikell (Salvator kell), D. Riedeweg, 1685 (pronks) (in Estonian), description of the bell in the Estonian National Register of Cultural Monuments, accessed on April 12, 2018
  8. ↑ http://register.muinas.ee/?menuID=monument&action=view&id=1337
  9. ↑ Kirikud Tallinnas ( Memento from April 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Estonian)
  10. ↑ http://www.orgelwerkstatt.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=91&Itemid=99
  11. ↑ http://www.eelk.ee/tallinna.toom/
  12. ↑ To the disposition
  13. ↑ http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/ger/fpage/besichtigen/kirchen

Coordinates: 59 ° 26 ′ 13.4 "  N , 24 ° 44 ′ 20.8"  E