Bohnsdorf village church
The Protestant village church Bohnsdorf , a church building in the Baroque style that was completed in 1757 based on a design by Johann Friedrich Lehmann , is the successor to a medieval church in the former rural community of Bohnsdorf on the Teltow . It is located on the village square in today's Berlin district of Bohnsdorf in the Treptow-Köpenick district as part of a historic village green and is a listed building .
history
First village church
Bohnsdorf was very likely originally a Slavic settlement, to which German settlers moved around 1230 and took over rule. The Slavic local form of Bohnsdorf was a dead end village or a round village , similar to a Rundling . In the squares in the middle of a round there could be a village pond, but no village church . The Christian residents in Bohnsdorf probably went to Waltersdorf for the Sunday service. When Bonentorpp was first mentioned in the land register of Emperor Charles IV , no parish or church hooves were mentioned.
These are mentioned for the first time in a tax register from 1450: two parish and one church hooves. By then at the latest, Bohnsdorf will have owned a wooden church, probably made of half-timbered houses. In 1527 there is a reference to the building of a church in Bohnsdorf in the register of the Bishop of Brandenburg . According to Kurt Pomplun , who does not cite a source for this, the church had the astonishingly small internal dimensions of 8.32 m × 4.55 m, i.e. only 38 square meters. The eaves were barely four meters high. However, the church had a tower.
For a long time, the Bohnsdorf Church was run as a branch of the Waltersdorf community . The pastors came from there to the services. The neighboring Grünau did not have its own church building from its foundation in 1753 to 1906, so the believers went to the Bohnsdorf village church. From this time, the Kirchsteig road in Bohnsdorf is a short connection across the former Feldmark.
Around the year 1750 the church building, probably a timber church made of timber framing on a field stone foundation, was very dilapidated and had become too small due to the recent settlement of colonists in Bohnsdorf and Grünau . After lengthy negotiations with the royal government, a stone church was finally built at the old location in the middle of the 18th century. The old church had to be demolished beforehand.
Today's village church
The new church was built according to drawings and plans by the Royal Building Councilor Johann Friedrich Lehmann under the direction of master bricklayer Abraham Lehmann, both from what was then the city of Spandau . Abraham Lehmann had already directed the previous building of today's parish church in the neighboring town of Altglienicke . The community files show that the Bohnsdorfer had to help build the church.
Construction began in 1755 and the church was consecrated in 1757. The church cost the community 1,897 thalers , 14 groschen and 6 pfennigs . The new village church had a slate-roofed west tower that was 25.1 meters (80 feet) high.
After 30 years, the church tower was already in dire need of repair, so in 1789 the master bricklayer Friedrich Bernhard was commissioned to repair the damage. In 1792 the church roof suffered severe damage again from a major storm. Three years passed without sufficient financial means, with the result that it rained into the church and the floor began to rot. In 1798 the master mason Bocksfeld from Spandau received the order to repair the church and tower. On September 3, 1802, lightning struck the church tower and it burned out. Doors and windows of the church were also damaged. After long arguments with the office of Köpenick, the city fathers finally had the church and tower repaired in the spring of 1803.
In 1843 the church tower was also repaired again. The spire , which was originally provided with a tower ball and an iron rod, was given a weather vane that, in addition to the original year 1756, now showed the year 1843.
Storm damage in 1857 meant that the tower could no longer be entered, so that the two bronze bells were attached to the outer gable with a simple wooden frame. As the bell support frame deteriorated over the years, the demolition of the church tower could not be avoided. The building up of a new church tower happened in 1888 at the same time as the building of a choir on the east gable. An additional room with a polygonal floor plan for the altar was created here . A small entrance hall was placed in front of the west gable.
The new church tower was added to the north-east corner of the church building, outside the longitudinal axis of the building, because a homestead had now expanded close to the church. The tower received a cupola in the neo-baroque style with a copper covering .
During the First World War , in 1917, the larger of the two bronze bells and the tin organ pipes were “sacrificed to the fatherland”, that is, melted down for war purposes. From the later sale of the remaining small bell and from a collection campaign, 23,196 marks came together. For this sum, the parish was able to cast three sound steel bells in 1922 and have them installed in the tower.
There has been a heating system in the church since 1935, which was equipped with a new heater in 1952/1953. In 1971 infrared heating was added.
In 1937/1938 renovations were again carried out regarding the exterior of the church. The previously existing tower dome was replaced by a simplified, slate-roofed pointed roof. In 1938/1939, a year after the exterior of the church was thoroughly repaired, the interior was also restored. The previous stone floor was covered with floorboards, the walls were given a wooden panel . The windows got antique glass and a new Sauer organ was installed.
Because neither bronze nor tin could be fetched from the church during World War II, the brass chandelier had to be made available in April 1940 to be melted down for war purposes. Bombing raids destroyed the windows in 1943 and the roof was badly damaged. Church services were held with the windows clad with boards, as the lighting system was intact and the power plants were still working. After the war in 1945 the windows and roof were renewed, and in 1946 the church doors. In 1951 the Protestant parish received an altar and an altar ceiling as a gift for the Berlin Church Congress .
Earlier colored paintings of the church interior from the 1930s were painted over in white in 1952. In 1955 , the parish was able to purchase a new Communion chalice , a host box and a wine jug. A crucifix was placed in the sanctuary in 1956. In 1981/82 the church and the tower were newly plastered. In 1984 the interior of the church was restored.
A few years after the reunification , the church underwent an external reconstruction from summer 2006 in accordance with the specifications of the monument protection. This was followed by a restoration of the interior after Christmas 2006 . As part of the festive divine service for 250 years of the village church , General Superintendent Martin-Michael Passauer undertook the solemn rededication of the church in Bohnsdorf on April 15, 2007.
architecture
Nave
The outside dimensions of the church building are 15.7 meters (50 feet ) long by 10.2 meters (32.5 feet) wide. It was originally 6.3 meters (20 feet) to the roof and 15.7 meters (50 feet) to the top. The length and width dimensions of the church listed here are largely preserved, but the height was reduced to 5.50 meters (nave) and 14.9 meters (tower) as a result of the first paving of the village street around 1880 when the Grünau – Schönefeld road was built . The street level was raised by 0.75 meters.
The nave is a rectangular plastered building with round arches and grooved pilaster strips . The interior is bordered by a straight ceiling , also plastered . On the west side inside there is a gallery with short side arms.
The church can accommodate about 250 people.
Church tower and bells
The tower of the church has a square plan and is three stories high. In the center is the bell chamber with sound openings in all four directions. Above that, the cross-section becomes octagonal and the clearly offset, pointed, approximately five-meter-high tower ends in a tower ball with a cross on top. A church tower clock is also installed in the tower, the pendulum weights of which can be seen open.
The three bells are tuned to the bdf chord and bear the inscriptions outside the year 1922:
- the big one: “ Glory to God on high! "
- the middle one: “ God give peace in our land! "
- the little one: " Happiness and good fortune for all!".
Indoor
Altar, organ, baptism
In 1958 a new altar was donated, which still decorates the choir today .
In 1923, the lack of organ pipes had installed on the gallery organ replacement. These were supplied by the Wilhelm Sauer workshop from Frankfurt (Oder) , from which the organ also came. An electric drive for the bellows installed in 1929 was in use until the organ was completely rebuilt in 1969. The organ's disposition can be viewed at the Orgel Database .
The church had the baptismal font in the church made by the metal smith Fritz Kühn in 1958 . The baptism, which was still in use in the early years, was badly damaged in the bombing of the Second World War and could now be turned off.
Further equipment
In the nave there is a memorial plaque with the names of those who fell in the First World War, which was erected in 1922, after a granite stone financed by several associations had been placed in front of the church in front of the church on the Sunday of the Dead in 1921 .
Surroundings of the church
Until 1851, when the nearby, today municipal cemetery Bohnsdorf was built, the surrounding churchyard was used for the burial of the Bohnsdorf residents. This finally disappeared in 1880 with the elevation of the village street, because the churchyard area was also raised to street level.
In 1906 a wrought iron fence surrounded the area around the church. This stood until after 1945, but had to be dismantled and scrapped after being severely damaged as a result of World War II .
In 1963, pastor Konrad Heckel, who had worked in Bohnsdorf for a long time, spent a large wooden oak cross from the Protestant forest cemetery in Bohnsdorf, which had to give way to the expansion of Schönefeld Airport just a few years after it was built, and had it erected in front of the village church.
Special events and more
On April 26, 1956, a twin-engine Soviet military aircraft struck the church tower and severely damaged it. Parts of the roof were also affected. The damage could be remedied promptly through the sum insured.
On February 11, 1957, the Bohnsdorf church was built for 200 years. Despite hindrances from the SED state leadership, a corresponding festive service was held on May 19, 1957 with Bishop Otto Dibelius .
In the late 1920s, the Falkenhorst residential estate was built in Bohnsdorf as a result of the heavy settlement activity . In order to relieve the often overcrowded village church, the Paul Gerhardt community center in Reihersteg was built in 1937 as a branch church based on plans by Otto Risse . Since then, this has served as the second place of worship and the office of the Protestant community.
Bohnsdorf pastor
Until 1890 Bohnsdorf was a daughter church of Waltersdorf and was looked after by the parish from there. The pastors who worked in the village church since 1890 were
- 1890-1911: Carl Rochow
- 1927–1932: Ernst August Wartmann
- 1932–1934: Ekhard Miethke
- 1934–1952: Walter Schulz
- 1952–1975: Konrad Heckel
- 1977–1996: Wolfgang Schulze
- 1997-2000: Volker Dithmar
- 2001–2003: Alexander Bolz
- since 2003: Ulrich Kastner
literature
- Evangelical parish Bohnsdorf (ed.): 250 years of the village church. Festschrift . Berlin 2007, DNB 984240217 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Monument village church Bohnsdorf . According to historical maps (1786 and 1831), Bohnsdorf was originally a dead-end village , a variant of a round village , in the center of which there was a village square with a village pond and village church.
- ^ A b Institute for Monument Preservation (Ed.): The architectural and art monuments of the GDR. Capital Berlin-II . Henschelverlag, Berlin 1984, p. 427 .
- ^ Organ database
Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '58.7 " N , 13 ° 33' 22.2" E