Shopping park

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Business park and shopping park Eisenach

A shopping park , also a shopping center , trading park , and the like is what an industrial park is called , which is intended for business branches of the trade .

Basics

Shopping parks concentrate retail stores , such as hypermarkets (mainly food and luxury goods), department stores , supermarkets ( wholesale stores ) , C&C markets , specialist markets , DIY , furniture or garden centers , as well as shopping centers (shopping centers in the narrower sense, which are used by a single operator to rent business premises are offered) with service providers from different industries. In addition to efficiency through the spatial proximity of different offers, e.g. for food, clothing, interior design - for the customer as well as a synergy for the provider - this also meets a modern need for an attractive shopping experience, such as gastronomy, wellness or event locations to linger after business hours .
Special forms are, for example, industry-specific retail parks .

Shopping parks can be individual, jointly operated shopping centers (form an organizational, functional or economic structural unit), but also different companies that share the parking lot infrastructure ( parking spaces , underground garages ), entrances , and other open spaces (several retail companies operating in one spatial Are close to each other).

The designation of a commercial area for commercial buildings of commercial enterprises serves in the spatial planning of the municipalities to intervene in the business landscape. In addition to the absolutely necessary accompanying measures such as good transport connections and extensive parking space, this often also includes restrictions on the size of the sales areas - especially in rural areas - in order to maintain the economic balance in the area and to meet the requirements of the local community development and regional development programs. The dedication falls under urban land-use planning : It is intended to direct traffic flows and preserve the established cityscape and townscape , and prevent urban sprawl through concentration. Therefore, shopping parks are a typical phenomenon of suburbanization , the fat belt of a city or place.
In addition, there are concrete economic policy intentions that protect the small business structure from cut- throat competition from large suppliers, but also create local jobs in structural development.

National

Austria

The zoning plan and the development plan , in which the development and use is specified, are laid down in the building and spatial planning laws of the federal states. Here the shopping park - from a certain size - is specifically called a shopping center , or as a designation area for commercial buildings , area for trading companies and the like. Such areas are intended in particular for supra-local needs (regional central locations ) and are generally subject to very strict regulations. The term does not usually include trading companies exclusively for vehicles, machines, building materials, and fuel trading; Tree nurseries, gardening centers; Distribution warehouse without sales, partly also sales outlets that are directly connected to production (showrooms); Trade fairs and markets. The size is generally based on the sales area , but sometimes all ancillary facilities such as parking spaces and ancillary storage facilities are also included.

Country-specific regulations:

  • Burgenland regulates "commercial establishments intended for supra-local needs" with sales areas of more than 800 m² (goods of various groups of goods) or 500 m² (groceries and other everyday goods) in particular: They require a permit and are only available in the state capital, the district capitals, Places with more than 2,000 inhabitants or in shopping areas (determined taking into account the special economic, supply and tourism function). The building land itself is dedicated as a business , operational or mixed building area . (§14d  Burgenland Spatial Planning Act , 1969)
  • In Carinthia , shopping centers over 600 m² fall under a special dedication of the business area as well as in village , residential and spa areas , if they are not located in a specified town center . A distinction is made here between those with grocery stores (shopping center category I, EKZ I) and those without (shopping center category II, EKZ II; furniture and fuel sales from 2500 m²). (§8 (7-8c) Carinthian Municipal Planning Act  1995 - K-GplG)
  • Lower Austria allows trading operations in the closed local area up to 1000 m², outside of this only 80 m², only in designated central zones (building land-dedication type core area ) an additional area for trade facilities can be given, through which there are no restrictions with regard to the sales area or gross floor area. (§17  Nö. Spatial Planning Act - ROG 1976)
  • In Upper Austria , areas for commercial buildings are planned for trading companies with a total sales area of ​​more than 300 m², in designated core areas 1,500 m². They may only be erected in areas with special zoning in the building land , and "their total sales area must not exceed the maximum amount specified in the zoning plan." If the area exceeds the size customary for the location, the building authorities can restrict the range to a certain range of industries. (§21 (2) 10, §23 (3), §24  Upper Austrian Regional Planning Act 1994 - Upper Austrian ROG)
  • Salzburg has two more specific classes: Here, retail use falls under the business area  (BE) or industrial area  (GG), structures over 300 m² sales area are only possible in specially marked zoning ( zones of areas for retail use in business or industrial areas ); Trade large companies at all special provisions and dedication subject (area for trading large farms  HG), but are also in the extended residential or commercial area is permissible (§ 30 (1) 10, Section 32, Section 39 (3)  Regional Planning Act  1998 - ROG)
  • The Styria defines two categories: Shopping Centers 1 (resulting in their assortment food) and shopping malls 2 (no food). They apply from 800 m² and are only permitted in the core city of Graz, the regional centers and subregional supply centers with more than 5000 inhabitants. Shopping centers 1 must not be more than 100 m away from the relevant core area. “Adequate service quality” through local public transport  is a prerequisite. (§30 (1) 6, §31 (5)  Styrian Regional Planning Act  2010 - StROG)
  • In Tyrol , retail businesses with a customer area of ​​more than 300 m² are only permitted on special areas for retail businesses , except in core zones , shopping centers in the narrower sense only in principle on special areas for shopping centers , and are planned by special spatial planning programs for shopping centers of regional spatial planning. Only dealerships for motor vehicles and accessories are excluded. A distinction is made between company types A (small containers, such as food, drugstore supplies, etc.) and B (can only be transported using a motor vehicle). The total permitted size depends on the type and number of inhabitants of the location and is between 600 and 2000 m² for type B only in Innsbruck. (§48a, §49, §8  Tyrolean Regional Planning Act 2011)
  • Vorarlberg treats the case as a special area for shopping centers or other commercial operations that are permitted in the core area or according to a regional spatial plan in the municipality concerned. This can also be restricted to goods of daily or non-daily needs and applies to the former from 600 m², the latter from 1500 m². (§15, 15a Spatial Planning Act )
  • In Vienna , a building project as a shopping center over 2500 m² is only possible on residential , mixed construction or industrial areas or on business streets according to the development plan, and can be "to secure the spatial and functional close relationships, the contemporary needs and the social structure of the population" or in " Interactions on other shopping centers and shopping streets as well as on local supply "in size or on specialist markets. (§7c, §5 (4) c building regulations for Vienna )

Web links

Commons : Shopping parks  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b quotation from § 24 commercial buildings, line 1
  2. ↑ § 14d shopping centers of the law of March 20, 1969 on spatial planning in Burgenland (Burgenland spatial planning law) StF: LGBl. No. 18/1969, 48/1969
  3. ↑ § 8 special zoning Z. 8  Carinthian Municipal Planning Act 1995 - K-GplG 1995 , StF: LGBl. No. 23/1995, and § 3  building land Z. 8, § 9  sales area
  4. ↑ § 17 Areas for trading facilities in the Lower Austria. Regional Planning Act 1976 (Nö. ROG 1976) , StF: LGBl. No. 13/77 (legal act, pdf)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ris.bka.gv.at
  5. ↑ § 23 special dedications in land line 3 and § 24  commercial buildings of the Upper Austrian. Regional Planning Act 1994 - Upper Austria. ROG 1994 , StF: LGBl. No. 114/1993
  6. ↑ § 30 Building Land Z. 5 and 10 [Sbg.] Spatial Planning Act 1998 - ROG 1998 , StF: LGBl No. 30/2009, as well as § 38  Zoning , § 39  Marking [...] of areas for retail use in business or commercial areas [... ], § 32  Large Commercial Enterprises
  7. ↑ ROG , StF: LGBl. No. 49/2010 (total law)
  8. ↑ § 48a Special Areas for Commercial Enterprises , § 49  Special Areas for Shopping Centers , § 8  Spatial Planning Programs for Shopping Centers of the announcement by the state government of June 28, 2011 on the re-publication of the Tyrolean Regional Planning Act 2006 , StF: LGBl. No. 56/2011; as well as annex to §§ 8, 48a and 49 .
  9. ↑ RPG , StF: LGBl. No. 39/1996 (complete law)
  10. ↑ BO , StF: LGBl. No. 11/1930 (complete law)