Monkshood-leaved buttercup

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Monkshood-leaved buttercup
Ranunculus aconitifolius 240708.jpg

Monkshood buttercup ( Ranunculus aconitifolius )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Ranunculeae
Genre : Buttercup ( Ranunculus )
Type : Monkshood-leaved buttercup
Scientific name
Ranunculus aconitifolius
L.

The monkshood buttercup ( Ranunculus aconitifolius ), also called monkshood buttercup or monkshood buttercup , is a species of plant in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It is common in the mountains of Europe.

description

illustration
Bloom in detail
Duration

Appearance and leaf

The monkshood-leaved buttercup grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 50 (100) centimeters. The stem has splayed branches. The leaves are basal and arranged alternately on the stem. The leaf blade is more or less deeply lobed to finger-shaped. The middle lobes of the basal leaves are narrowed into a short stalk. The sections of the stem leaves are quite wide and serrate to the tip.

Flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from May to July. The flower stalks are fluffy during anthesis and one to three times as long as their bracts. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The five petals are pure white. The many stamens and the free carpels are about the same length.

The ripe nuts are 2 to 3 millimeters long and about 2 millimeters wide.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Occurrence

The aconite buttercup is a central and southern European mountain plant . It occurs in the central and northern Spanish mountains, in the Pyrenees , the Cevennes , in the Massif Central and in the southern German mountains, in the Jura , in the Alps , in the North Apennines , in Bosnia and in the Carpathians . The monkshood buttercup is found in Germany , Austria , Switzerland , northern Italy , the western area of ​​the former Czechoslovakia , the western area of ​​the former Yugoslavia , France, and northern and central Spain . It does not occur outside of Europe.

The monkshood buttercup is distributed in Austria from the montane to subalpine altitude . It is missing in Burgenland and Vienna . As the site perennials rich forests are Hochstaudenfluren , stream margins and spring swamps particularly silicate rocks preferred. The monkshood buttercup thus vicariates with the plane buttercup , which often inhabits similar locations above limestone. The aconite buttercup prefers noticeably oozing wet locations, in lower elevations it is a character species of the Chaerophyllo-Ranunculetum (Association Calthion). In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at Rappensee in Bavaria up to 2047 m above sea level.

Systematics

The first publication of Ranunculus aconitifolius was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 551.

use

The monkshood-leaved buttercup is rarely used as an ornamental plant for perennial beds and groups of trees . The 'Flore Peno' variety has double flowers.

literature

  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen (ed.): Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of Vascular Plants in Europe. 8. Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae. Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 .
  2. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 , pp. 292-293 .
  3. ↑ Ranunculus aconitifolius in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 416 .
  5. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 549.
  6. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 146 .

Web links

Commons : Monkshood Buttercup ( Ranunculus aconitifolius )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files