Sycamore buttercup

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Sycamore buttercup
Sycamore buttercup (Ranunculus platanifolius)

Sycamore buttercup ( Ranunculus platanifolius )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Ranunculeae
Genre : Buttercup ( Ranunculus )
Type : Sycamore buttercup
Scientific name
Ranunculus platanifolius
L.

The plane buttercup or plane-leaved buttercup ( Ranunculus platanifolius ) is a species of plant from the genus buttercup ( Ranunculus ) within the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It thrives in the mountains of Europe .

description

Habit, leaves and inflorescence
Foliage leaf
Bloom in detail
Blossom and collective fruit with nuts

Appearance and leaf

The plane buttercup grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 50 to 70 (20 to 130) centimeters. A rhizome is formed. The hollow, soft, flexible and mostly bare stalk is spread, branched and protruding and bluntly edged towards the base of the leaves.

The leaves are five to seven parts deeply split or cut (but not split up to the base of the spade). The sections of the stem leaves are narrow, the uppermost mostly with entire margins. The middle section is not free at its base.

Flower and fruit

The flowering time is at the beginning of early summer and extends from May to July. The flower stalks are always glabrous, upright to upright and four to five times as long as the bract . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The five petals are white. Nectaries are located at the base of the petals. The many yellow stamens tower above the many free styles .

There are many nuts in a common nut fruit. With a length of 3 to 5 millimeters, a width of 2.4 to 3.9 millimeters and a thickness of 1.3 to 1.9 millimeters, the ripe nuts are almost spherical, somewhat puffed up and beaked.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 8; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 16.

Similar Art

The plane tree buttercup is similar in appearance to the monkshood buttercup and can easily be confused with it.

ecology

The plane buttercup is a hygromorphic, mesomorphic hemicryptophyte and a semi-rosette plant.

In terms of flower ecology, it is homogeneous to pre-male "nectar-bearing disc flowers", with half-hidden nectar and a plentiful supply of pollen . The pollination is done by insects (pollinators are typical hoverflies (Syrphidae), bees , butterflies ) and through self-pollination .

The fruit ripens from July to October. The spread of the diaspores , they are the nuts, is carried out by the wind, as a balloon flyer , or by Velcro spreading.

It is a cold germ .

Occurrence and endangerment

The plane buttercup is a European mountain plant . It occurs in the Pyrenees , in the Central French and German mountains, in southwest Scandinavia , in the Jura , in the Vosges , the Alps , on Corsica , Sardinia , in the Apennines , in the Carpathians , in the mountains of the Balkan Peninsula . It is common from northern southern Europe to northern Norway . There are sites from Spain to France including Corsica and Sardinia, Italy , western Norway, Sweden , Belgium , Austria , Germany , Switzerland , Poland , Ukraine , former Czechoslovakia , former Yugoslavia , Bulgaria , Romania , Albania to Greece .

The plane buttercup occurs in Germany very scattered and locally in the low mountain ranges : southern Black Forest , Swabian Alb , Alps , southern Bavarian Forest , Main Basin , Hochsauerland , Harz , Hunsrück , Eifel , Thuringian Forest and the Ore Mountains . In the other areas of Germany there are only a few individual finds. It thrives in Germany in the following plant communities: alpine-montane tall perennial and riding grass societies class Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici, subalpine-alpine green alder and willow bushes class Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis, buckthorn-sloe-spin bushes class Rhamosa-Pruneteae as well as mesophone-prunetea , deciduous mixed deciduous forests class Carpino-Fagetea.

In the 1996 Red List of Endangered Plant Species in Germany, the plane buttercup is considered not endangered. In Baden-Württemberg in the German federal states it is on the pre-warning list; in Bavaria , Hesse , Rhineland-Palatinate and Thuringia it is not endangered; in Lower Saxony it is potentially endangered; it is endangered in North Rhine-Westphalia , Saarland , Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt .

The plane tree buttercup occurs in Austria scattered to often especially over calcareous subsoil in ravine forests and tall herbaceous meadows in the upper montane to subalpine altitude range . It is missing in Burgenland and Vienna . The plane buttercup vicariates with the aconite buttercup , which occurs in similar locations but over silicate rock . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Muttelberg in Vorarlberg up to 1950 m above sea level.

In Switzerland, the plane buttercup thrives in tall herbaceous meadows, moist forests and bushes in the rarely montane, mostly subalpine altitude . It occurs in Aargau (where it is completely protected), in the Jura and in the Mittelland on the edge of the Alps. In most areas of Switzerland it is not considered endangered.

Systematics

The first publication of Ranunculus platanifolius took place in 1767 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum , p. 79. The specific epithet platanifolius means plane leaves . Synonyms for Ranunculus platanifolius L. are: Ranunculus dealbatus Lapeyr. , Hecatonia platanifolia (L.) Schur , Ranula platanifolia (L.) Fourr. , Ranunculus aconitifolius var. Platanifolius (L.) DC. , Ranunculus aconitifolius var. Dealbatus (Lapeyr.) DC. , Ranunculus aconitifolius var. Dealbatus P.Fourn. , Ranunculus aconitifolius subsp. platanifolius (L.) Berher .

Ranunculus platanifolius belongs to the section Aconitifolii from the subgenus Ranunculus within the genus Ranunculus .

use

The plane buttercup is rarely used as an ornamental plant for perennial beds and groups of trees in parks and gardens in temperate areas. The 'Flore Peno' variety has double flowers.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Sycamore-leaved buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h S. Klotz, I. Kühn, W. Durka, (Ed.) 2002: Data sheet at BiolFlor - A database with biological-ecological characteristics on the flora of Germany .
  3. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Pages 192-193, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
  4. ^ Ranunculus platanifolius at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ a b c d e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  6. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd, supplemented edition. tape 1 : General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
  7. ↑ Ranunculus platanifolius - data sheet with photos from Flora Italiana - Schede di botanica .
  8. ↑ a b data sheet White buttercups living on land with Ranunculus platanifolius at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ) by Thomas Meyer.
  9. ^ A b Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Plant world of Germany .
  10. ↑ Data sheet with distribution in Bavaria at wanted posters on the vascular plants of Bavaria of the Botanical Information Node Bavaria .
  11. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 550.
  12. ↑ Data sheet at InfoFlora, the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
  13. ↑ Data sheet with photos by Günther Blaich.
  14. ^ Ranunculus platanifolius at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 25, 2014.
  15. ^ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , p. 146.

Web links

Commons : Sycamore buttercup ( Ranunculus platanifolius )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files