Emstal (Lehnin Monastery)
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Emstal
Lehnin monastery community
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 4 ″ N , 12 ° 46 ′ 40 ″ E
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| Height : | 37 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 385 (2012) |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 2002 |
| Postal code : | 14797 |
| Area code : | 033207 |
 Residential building on Emstaler Hauptstrasse
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Emstal (until 1937: Schwina ) is a district of the municipality of Kloster Lehnin in Brandenburg . The place belonged to the initial equipment of the Cistercian monastery Lehnin founded in 1180 and was monastery property until the secularization of the monastery in 1542. Until 2002 Emstal was an independent municipality, which belonged to the Brandenburg office Lehnin from 1992 to 2002 .
Geographical location
Emstal is located in the Zauche , three kilometers as the crow flies southeast of Lehnin in the eastern part of the municipality of Kloster Lehnin . Emstal borders in the north on Lehnin and Göhlsdorf (both places are districts of the municipality of Lehnin monastery), in the east on Bliesendorf (district of the city of Werder (Havel) ), in the southeast on Busendorf (district of the city of Beelitz ), in the south and west Lehnin and Rädel (part of the municipality of Lehnin Monastery).
Emstal lies in the valley of the Emster river, 35 m above sea level. It can be reached via the Bundesautobahn 2 Berlin - Hanover exit Lehnin or exit Netzen / Nahmitz and via the Autobahn 10 Berliner Ring exit Klaistow / Glindow. The bus route 553 connects Emstal with Lehnin and from there on to Brandenburg an der Havel .
history
Emstal was first mentioned in a document in 1190, at that time still as Zvine . Along with four other villages, it was part of the initial furnishing of the Lehnin Monastery when it was founded in 1180 by the Brandenburg Margrave Otto I. This initial furnishing was confirmed in 1190 by his son Margrave Otto II . In 1195, the Brandenburg bishop Norbert also prescribed the tithe to the monastery, which was collected in the village. Part of the area of the desolate village of Cistecal , which was also part of the initial equipment of the Lehnin monastery , also belongs to the current district .
According to Reinhard E. Fischer , the name Schwina , which was valid until 1937 and was then changed for the purpose of Germanization by the National Socialists in Emstal , is most likely derived from a Polabian basic form * Swin'-n- or * Svinjě to original Slavic * svinja = pig. The derivation from the German Swin-ach, Swin-a = swine stream, swine water, seems unlikely to him, since the earliest evidence at the end of the word is -e. He considers a name transfer from Ter Zwenne (Dep. Alveringem, Belgium) to be unlikely because of the long i- in Schwina.
However, maps of the administrative administration of the GDR showed the original name Schwina until after 1952.
According to the type of settlement, it is a rough street village. The single-storey houses on the farms date from the end of the 19th century.
“Monachorum in Lenyn Swyna sunt 26 (36) mansi. Ad pactum quilibet 5 modios siliginis et 5 avene; ad censum quilibet 1 solidum. Cossati 6, quilibet 1 pullum. "
In 1375 the village was described in more detail in Charles IV's land register . At that time it was divided into 36 hooves . Each hoof gave five bushels of rye and five bushels of oats annually . The annual interest was one shilling. There were also six kossas living in the village, each of whom had to give a chicken. In 1451 there were only five cottages. In 1538 only 27 hooves were still being managed. The church visit of 1541 counted 42 communicants . In 1580 a blacksmith was named. In 1602 there were 8 whole farmers and one half farmer in Schwina and five kossas. In 1605 the Lehnschulze had four Lehnhufen and two Erbhufen, seven farmers had Vierhufenhof, one farmer had a Zweihufenhof (the half farmer). 1624 lived in the village, nine hoof farmers (with 36 hoofs), five cossets, a shepherd, a blacksmith and a shepherd servant. One farm had gone to the Lehnin Domain Office (bought out?). The Thirty Years War devastated the village almost completely. In 1652 there were just five kossaites living in the village. In 1662 there were again two full farmers, one half farmer and four cottagers living in the village. The somewhat more precise description from 1687 gives an idea of the extent of the devastation. Out of the 36 hooves, just 9½ hooves paid, the remaining hooves were silted up and overgrown. Four of the five farms were desolate. Presumably the overgrown arable land was grazed, because the village had a cowherd with a farmhand, which suggests a larger herd of cattle. The courtyards were not fully occupied again until 1729; seven full farmers, one half farmer and five cottagers. In 1745 eight cottages are already mentioned. In 1746 the farm that had been withdrawn from office before 1624 was occupied again. The community had acquired the right to serve beer. In 1772 there was a free school, eight farmers and eleven kossaten in Schwina. In 1801 the population consisted of a Lehnschulzen, seven whole farmers, one half-farmer, five whole kossians, ten Büdners and eight residents, who were spread over 31 fire places. In 1837 the village had 37 houses. In 1845, mill master Hartmann had a post windmill built in Schwiena. In 1858 Schwina had grown to five public, 58 residential buildings and 80 farm buildings (including a flour mill). Since 1858 peat has been extracted, which, along with bricks and wood, was shipped over the Emster Canal . In 1900 Schwina had 100 houses, in 1931 107 houses and 119 households. After the Second World War , 118.4 hectares were expropriated and redistributed in the 1946 land reform. In addition there was 16.3 hectares from the municipality of Lehnin. In 1959 the first LPG type I was formed with (1960) 33 members and 170 hectares of usable area. In 1960 a second LPG was founded, this time of type III, which farmed with 47 members and 191 hectares of agricultural land. The LPG Type I was connected to this LPG in 1970. In 1973 the LPG Rädel and Emstal were merged.
Political Affiliation
Emstal, then Swine, was part of the initial equipment of the Lehnin Monastery, which was founded in 1180 and remained with it until the secularization in 1542. Then it came to the Lehnin Domain Office . In 1375 it is described under the villages of Zauche , a historical landscape from which the Zauchische Kreis , previously Beritt Zauche, emerged in the course of the 17th century . This was merged in 1816/7 with the former electoral office of Belzig to form the Prussian district of Zauch-Belzig . In 1937, Schwina was renamed Emstal. The district of Zauch-Belzig was dissolved in the district reform of 1952, Emstal came to the district of Brandenburg-Land . After the fall of the Wall, Emstal formed the Brandenburg Office of Lehnin together with twelve other municipalities , which was dissolved again in 2002 with the merger of most of the official municipalities to form the new municipality of Kloster Lehnin.
Church organization
Schwina had no parish hooves and was always a daughter church of Rädel in the late Middle Ages. The patronage was the Lehnin monastery until 1542, after that the sovereign. Today Emstal belongs to the Evangelical St. Marien monastery parish Lehnin.
Sights and monuments
The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark lists two architectural monuments and seven ground monuments.
Architectural monuments
- Village church Emstal : The brick building with a pointed tower dome dates from 1889.
- Emstaler Hauptstrasse / Alte Lehniner Strasse: baking ovens on the village square. The clay ovens are around 120 years old.
Soil monuments
- No. 31157 Corridor 3: Deserted German Middle Ages ( Cistecal )
- No. 31158 Corridor 1: an Iron Age settlement, a settlement from the Roman Empire
- No. 31159 Corridor 1: an Iron Age settlement, a Neolithic settlement, a Bronze Age settlement
- No. 31160 Corridor 2: a settlement from the German Middle Ages
- No. 31161 Corridor 1: a settlement from the Middle Ages
- No. 31162 Corridor 1: the village center of the Middle Ages, the village center of the modern age
- No. 30991 Emstal Flur 3 / Rädel Flur 3: a settlement from the Bronze Age, a settlement from the Iron Age
Leisure and Tourism
The clay baking ovens were built for the Büdner and Schiffer houses at the eastern end of the village, which did not have their own ovens. Every two families shared a stove. The oven was z. Some of them were in use until the 1950s and then fell into disrepair. Of the once 20 ovens in the village, four have survived. A fifth was rebuilt. The oven festival takes place on the Saturday after Pentecost. There is also a show baking several times during the year.
The "Emstaler hose" is a lake landscape created by peat extraction in the 1960s to 1980s, which today is ideal for swimming.
societies
- Oven Association
- Fire Brigade Association
- Sports community
- Fishing club
- Hunters' Association "Lehniner Heide"
- Senior club
literature
- Reinhard E. Fischer : Brandenburg name book. Part 1: Zauche. Böhlau, Weimar 1967, p. 96.
- Peter R. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part V Zauch-Belzig. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1977, pp. 321–322.
- Marie-Luise Buchinger, Marcus Cante: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany Monuments in Brandenburg District Potsdam Mittelmark. Volume 14.1: Northern Zauche. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-285-8 , pp. 436-442.
- Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. (= Brandenburg land books. Volume 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, p. 218.
- Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg. Volume X: Continuation of the Mittelmark documents. Castle and town of Plaue. Castle, town and monastery Ziesar, Leitzkau monastery. Golzow Castle and the von Rochow family. Lehnin Monastery. Mixed documents. Reimer, Berlin 1856. (books.google.de) (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A 10 with corresponding document number and page number)
Web links
- Emstal on the website of the municipality of Lehnin Monastery
- Contribution to the RBB program Landschleicher on April 17, 2011
Individual evidence
- ↑ Müller's Large German Local Book 2012: Complete local dictionary. 33., revised. and exp. Ed., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-027420-2 , p. 332. (books.google.de)
- ↑ Main statute for the non-governmental municipality of Kloster Lehnin from October 29, 2008 (PDF)
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, A 10, Document I (1), p. 182.
- ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, A 10, Document VII (7), p. 185.
- ^ For official use only: Brandenburg district, Potsdam district, M 1: 50000 with the Brandenburg district . Ed .: Area, City and Village Planning Potsdam. Plan No. 2/35 (crossed out), new: 1/1/6. Potsdam, S. Sheet size 0.87 x 1.06 = 0.92 square meters .
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government in Potsdam and the City of Berlin. Year 1845, p. 419.
- ↑ monument list of Brandenburg Potsdam-Mittelmark as of December 30, 2012 ( Memento of 17 December 2015, Internet Archive ) (PDF, 348 kB)
